 Fignon at the1993 Tour de France | |
| Personal information | |
|---|---|
| Full name | Laurent Patrick Fignon |
| Nickname | Le Professeur (The Professor) |
| Born | (1960-08-12)12 August 1960 Paris,France |
| Died | 31 August 2010(2010-08-31) (aged 50) Paris, France |
| Height | 1.74 m (5 ft8+1⁄2 in)[1] |
| Weight | 67 kg (148 lb; 10 st 8 lb)[1] |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Rider type | All-rounder |
| Professional teams | |
| 1982–1985 | Renault–Elf–Gitane |
| 1986–1989 | Système U |
| 1990–1991 | Castorama |
| 1992–1993 | Gatorade–Chateau d'Ax |
| Major wins | |
Grand Tours
| |
Laurent Patrick Fignon[2] (French pronunciation:[loʁɑ̃fiɲɔ̃]; 12 August 1960 – 31 August 2010) was a French professionalroad bicycle racer who won theTour de France in 1983 and 1984, as well as theGiro d'Italia in 1989. He held the title of FICP World No. 1 in 1989. Fignon came close to winning the Tour de France for a third time in 1989 but was narrowly defeated byGreg LeMond by eight seconds, marking the closest margin ever to decide the Tour.[3] Fignon won manyclassic races, including consecutive victories inMilan–San Remo in 1988 and 1989. He died fromcancer in 2010.
Fignon was born inMontmartre, Paris.[2][4][5] His family moved toTournan-en-Brie in 1963, where he lived until he left for Paris at age 23.[6][7]
Laurent Fignon's first sport wasfootball, and he reached the level of playing for hisdépartement or area. However, friends persuaded him to try cycling, and in 1976, he participated in his first official race, which he won.[7] Despite his parents' opposition to his racing, Fignon continued to compete without their knowledge.[2] He won four more races in his first year, but only one in his second year. However, in his third year, he won 18 out of 36 races.[7] Eventually, Fignon's parents allowed him to race, though they still believed he should prioritize his studies.
Fignon enrolled at theUniversity of Villetaneuse, where he studied Structural and Materials Science.[2] Fignon was not interested in his studies and was an indifferent student. His chief desire was to pursue cycling.[N 1] He eventually informed his parents of his decision to leave university and join the army at the end of the year for his mandatory military service.[9] He was posted at the Bataillon de Joinville, known for its sporting reputation.[10] After this, Fignon was sure he wanted to pursue a professional career.[2]
In 1981, Fignon rode the Tour of Corsica, which allowed amateur cyclists to ride along with professional riders. Fignon rode an early stage attempting to hold the wheel ofBernard Hinault, the top professional cyclist, and succeeded for much of the race.[2]Cyrille Guimard observed the young cyclist a few days later at the national 100 km team time trial. Fignon did win on the tenth of April 1981 the second stage duringTour du Vaucluse. In May 1981, he offered him a place on hisRenault–Elf–Gitane professional team from the following year. Fignon joined the team in 1982, along with longtime friend and fellow junior rider Pascal Jules. Fignon was 21 years of age.[7]
In 1982, Fignon rode the1982 Giro d'Italia. After Fignon broke away in the second stage, he became the leader of the race and got to wear the pink jersey.[7] He lost the lead in the next stage, but became Hinault's most trusted teammate in the mountains.[7] InParis–Tours, Fignon had escaped and made a break of 40 seconds, when his crank broke.[7] During this first year as a professional, Fignon won theCritérium International.[11]
In 1983, Fignon was a part of the team that helpedBernard Hinault to win the1983 Vuelta a España. Guimard did not want to send Fignon to the Tour de France, because twogrand tours could be too much for a 22-year-old rider.[12] When Hinault, winner of four of the five previous Tours, announced that he would not start due to injury, the Renault team was without a leader. Fignon was added to the1983 Tour de France selection for the Renault team, and the team decided to go for stage wins, with hopes of having Fignon orMarc Madiot compete for thebest debutant category.[13] After stage nine, the first mountain stage, Fignon was in second place, behindPascal Simon,[14] and he was allowed to be team leader.[15] On the tenth stage, Simon crashed and broke his shoulder blade. Simon continued and only lost a little time on the next stages. On the fifteenth stage, a mountain time trial, Fignon was able to win back so much time that he was within one minute of Simon.[16]On the seventeenth stage, Simon had to give up, and Fignon became the new leader. In the next stages, Fignon was able to answer all attacks from his opponents, and he won the time trial on the 21st stage. At 22 years old, Fignon was the youngest man to win the Tour since 1933.
Fignon later said that he was lucky to have won the 1983 Tour: if Hinault had been present, Fignon would have helped him, as Hinault was the team leader.[7]
With his round glasses and sophisticated, urbane("debonaire") demeanour, Fignon was a contrast to Hinault's hard-knocks image. He earned the nickname "The Professor", not only because of these glasses, but also because he was one of the few cyclists who had passed his baccalaureate exams.[17]
Early in his broadcasting career, broadcaster and former TDF riderPaul Sherwen referred to Fignon with an alternate version of his nickname during telecasts, which in English approximately translates to 'The Stern Professor'.
In 1984, Hinault moved to the newLa Vie Claire team, established by the French entrepreneurBernard Tapie and directed by Swiss coach Paul Koechli. Fignon stayed with the Renault team and became team leader. In the1984 Giro d'Italia, Fignon was in the lead near the end of the race, with ItalianFrancesco Moser in second place. The highest mountain stage, where Fignon could have extended his lead as the better climber, was cancelled by race organizers "due to bad weather". In one of the more outrageous actions of a major tour, on the final stage, anindividual time trial, camera helicopters flew in front of Fignon, creating a headwind, and behind Moser, creating a tailwind. Though Fignon repeatedly shook his fists at the obstructing aircraft, they refused to move off. Moser ended up gaining enough time to take the overall race lead, with Fignon being moved back to second place.[18] He later said the experience made him tougher and prepared him for the hardships to come.
The1984 Tour de France was a battle between Fignon and his former team leader Hinault. Hinault won the prologue, but Fignon won back time when his team won theteam time trial in stage three.[19] After a large escape in the fifth stage, Fignon's teammateVincent Barteau was leading the race. In the seventh stage, Fignon won the time trial, beating Hinault by 49 seconds.[20] Barteau was still leading the race and remained the leader after the Pyrenées.
In the sixteenth stage, Fignon again beat Hinault in a time trial, this time winning by 33 seconds.[21] In the seventeenth stage, Hinault attacked five times on the penultimate climb, but every time, Fignon was able to get back. Then, Fignon left Hinault behind and won almost three more minutes on Hinault. Barteau was so far behind in this stage that Fignon became the new leader.[22] Fignon won three more stages, for a total of five that year, and won the Tour with a ten-minute margin.
Had it not been for the questionable incidents which occurred at the Giro, Fignon would have ended the year having won the Giro-Tour double. With his air of indifference in interviews and his crushing dominance, he was hailed as France's newest superstar.
Coming into the 1985 season, Fignon felt stronger than ever,[7] but two achilles tendon operations caused him to miss the 1985 Tour.[23] The following season, his team took on a new sponsor and became theSystème U cycling team. In 1986, Fignon wonLa Flèche Wallonne[15] and he entered the1986 Tour de France, but placed poorly in the first individual time trial and retired on stage 12 toPau.
Fignon returned to near his full strength in 1987, when he finished third in the1987 Vuelta a España, behindLuis Herrera.[15] Later that year, he finished 7th overall in the1987 Tour de France, taking another victory at La Plagne (stage 21). In 1988, Fignon wonMilan–San Remo, but had to abandon the 1988 Tour.
In 1989, Fignon overtookSean Kelly as leader of theUCI Road World Rankings. That season included a win at Milan–San Remo and theGiro d'Italia.[15] During theGiro he defeatedFlavio Giupponi,Erik Breukink and defending championAndrew Hampsten. Fignon seized theMaglia Rosa on stage 14 and held it for the remainder of the race; he also won stage 20.
In the1989 Tour de France, 1988 winnerPedro Delgado was the big favourite, with Fignon,Stephen Roche, and Erik Breukink listed together as top contenders.[24] After Delgado was nearly three minutes late for the start of the prologue time trial, the race ended up a battle betweenGreg LeMond and Fignon. LeMond won a minute in the time trial in stage five, usingaerobars which enabled a new and more aerodynamic riding position (also known as tri-bars as they had previously only been used intriathlons), a new type of teardrop-shaped aerodynamic helmet in the time trials and a reardisc wheel, Fignon used normal road handlebars and a bicycle with both front and reardisc wheels, which left him more affected by cross winds.[25] LeMond led the general classification after that stage by five seconds. In the tenth stage, Fignon beat LeMond by 12 seconds and became the new leader, 7 seconds ahead of LeMond. In the time trial of stage 15, LeMond again won time on Fignon, and took back the leading position. Fignon came back by dropping LeMond on Alpe d'Huez, taking back the lead, and after he won alone at Villard-de-Lans the next day, the margin was 50 seconds. Before the final stage, a short time trial of 24.5 km, the time difference between LeMond and Fignon was 50 seconds, a seemingly insurmountable amount. To win, LeMond would have to take two seconds a kilometre on one of the fastest time trialists in the Tour. French newspapers prepared special editions, with Fignon's picture on the front page, in preparation for his victory.[17] It was considered unlikely that LeMond would be able to win back 50 seconds on the 24.5 km, but he rode the fastest time trial until 2015. Fignon had developed epididymitis in stage 19, which gave him pain and made it impossible to sleep the night before the time trial. Fignon, who rode after LeMond, lost 58 seconds during the stage. Fignon rode a very fast time trial and came in third for the stage, but still ended up losing the overall lead to LeMond.[26] It was suggested afterwards that if Fignon had cut off hisponytail, the reduction indrag might have been sufficient for him to have won the Tour.[27]
During that Tour, he was on bad terms with the journalists. He often refused to smile for photographs, and at one point spat into the lens of a cameraman who asked for an interview. For his efforts, the press awarded Fignon the "Prix Citron" ("Lemon Prize"), a prize the press awarded to whom they thought the least likeable rider.[28] The loss of the 1989 Tour was a heavy burden for Fignon, and in his autobiography he said "you never stop grieving over an event like that".[29]
He came back after the Tour de France that year to win decidedly the Grand Prix des Nations time trial, an event that was considered at the time to be the world championships of time trials. This time, he used aero handlebar extensions. He also showed his versatility, winning the Polynormande, Critérium des As (a race in which each rider motorpaces behind a derny), and the two-man Trofeo Baracchi (which he won with teammate and fellow Frenchman Thierry Marie).
Fignon withdrew from the 1990 Tour, but finished 6th in 1991. Following this Fignon moved over to the Italian Gatorade team to act as co-captain and advisor to promising young talentGianni Bugno.[7] After a dramatic1992 Giro d'Italia, in which he was in heavy crisis during mountain stages, he rode his lastTour that same year, finishing 23rd overall. The race saw an angered Fignon take his ninth stage win, holding off a series of attacks by Guimard's Castorama team before winning atMulhouse during stage 11.[N 2] Fignon's last victory as professional cyclist was in the early-season Ruta Mexico in 1993, after a tight duel withFrancisco Villalobos and surviving a massive collision that saw the group hit by a tow truck driven by a drunken man.[31] Fignon retired as a professional cyclist late 1993.[15]
Fignon tested positive foramphetamines at the Grand Prix de Wallonie in 1987, where he finished third. He was subsequently disqualified from the final result but claimed, in his autobiography, that the positive test was the result of a commercial dispute between two Belgian companies.
Fignon tested positive for amphetamines a second time, at the Grand Prix de la Liberation, on 17 September 1989.[32]
In his autobiography, Fignon admitted to using recreational drugs and occasionally using stimulants in the 1980s. He noted this was widespread and that the practice would not dramatically change the capabilities of a rider. He noted major changes in the sport in the early 1990s with the onset of routine use of human growth hormone and the blood booster EPO. Fignon stated he was revolted by the idea of taking hormones to enhance performance, and the mere suggestion he refused out of hand.[33] He retired from competition in 1993 when he realized that cycling had changed, and that he no longer had a place in it.[34]
In 1995, Fignon founded the "Laurent Fignon organisation", to organizeraces, notablyParis–Nice,[11][35] from 2000 until it was taken over by Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), the organiser ofTour de France, in 2002.[36] Fignon remained an organiser for races such as Paris–Corrèze.[37]
In response to assertions that French riders were less successful over recent years due to the tight doping controls that French riders are subject to, Fignon responded frankly: "The sports directors don't do a good job any more. They lack competence and don't have authority over their riders. The non-results of French teams are not only the consequences of doping."[37]
On his relationships withCyrille Guimard andBernard Hinault, Fignon said that with Bernard Hinault, Guimard already found a champion, whereas with himself, Guimard made him a champion. Therefore, his bond with Guimard was stronger than Hinault's bond with Guimard.
Fignon wrote anautobiography entitledNous étions jeunes et insouciants ("We were young and carefree"), which was released in June 2009.[38]
In June 2009, Fignon revealed that he was undergoing chemotherapy formetastatic cancer. He noted that early in his career he had dabbled with recreational drugs,amphetamines andcortisone, but did not believe they played a role in his illness.[39] Amphetamine use during the criterium portion (late summer/early fall) of the cycling season was commonplace in the seventies and eighties.[40] Fignon's cancer was diagnosed in April 2009 aftermetastatic tumors were found in hisdigestive system.[41]In January 2010, his doctors discovered that the cancer hadoriginated in his lungs.[42] Fignon died atPitié-Salpêtrière Hospital on 31 August 2010, at 12:30 pm.[43] He was 50 years old.[43][44][45]
His funeral took place on 3 September 2010 atPère Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, where he was later cremated.[46]
Former fellow championGreg LeMond said:
"It's a really sad day. He had a very, very big talent, much more than anyone recognised. We were teammates, competitors, but also friends. He was a great person, one of the few that I find was really true to himself. He was one of the few riders who I really admired for his honesty and his frankness. We talked about a lot of different things outside of cycling and I was fortunate to really get to know him when my career stopped. I believe he was also one of the generation that was cut short in the early nineties because he was not able to fulfill the rest of his career. But he was a great rider."[47]
His ashes were placed in thecolumbarium of the Père Lachaise cemetery.[48]
OverallCritérium International
after Stage 2 OverallTour de France
Young rider classification
Road race, National Road Championships OverallTour de France
Mountains classification after Stages 1–4, 20 & 21
Points classification OverallSettimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
Combination classification OverallTour de la Communauté Européenne OverallGiro d'Italia OverallRonde van Nederland after Stages 10–14 & 17–20
Combativity award Overall OverallCritérium International OverallRuta Mexico| Grand Tour | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Vuelta a España | — | 7 | — | — | 7 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
 Giro d'Italia | 15 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | DNF | DNF | 37 | — |
| Tour de France | — | 1 | 1 | — | DNF | 7 | DNF | 2 | DNF | 6 | 23 | DNF |
| Monuments results timeline | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monument | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
| Milan–San Remo | — | 118 | — | — | 32 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 52 | 63 | — | |
| Tour of Flanders | — | — | — | — | 34 | — | 13 | — | — | — | 77 | — | |
| Paris–Roubaix | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 27 | 24 | 39 | — | |
| Liège–Bastogne–Liège | — | — | 8 | 5 | — | 6 | — | 7 | — | — | — | — | |
| Giro di Lombardia | 21 | 29 | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | — | — | — | — | |
| 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 World Championships | DNF | 29 | DNF | — | 62 | DNF | 8 | 6 | — | 16 | 40 | — |
 National Championships | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 4 | — |
| — | Did not compete |
|---|---|
| DNF | Did not finish |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
