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Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church
Patriarchate of Alexandria
Bishopric
catholic
Information
Established1310
Dissolved1964
CathedralBasilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

TheLatin Patriarchate of Alexandria was a nominalpatriarchate of theLatin church on the see ofAlexandria inEgypt.[1][2]

History

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Origins

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Alexandria, a major Egyptian city duringClassical antiquity, was an influential early Christian diocese. It was founded, according to Church tradition, by SaintMark the Evangelist. From theFirst Council of Nicaea onward, Alexandria enjoyed honors roughly equal with Rome and Antioch, as one of three Petrine sees. Following EmperorJustinian I's establishment of thePentarchy, Alexandria was considered third in honor, afterRome andConstantinople.

Despite therupture of communion between Rome and Constantinople in 1054, the remaining patriarchates initially remained in communion with Rome.Antioch andJerusalem broke communion in 1098 and 1099, respectively, whencrusaders forcibly deposed the sitting bishops, and Latin bishops took their place, creating the Latin Patriarchates ofAntioch andJerusalem.[3]

There is little direct evidence concerning Alexandria's relationship with Rome.[4] However, by inference, historians may conclude that the Alexandrine patriarch communed Latins for a time after 1054, and kept the pope's name on the communiondiptychs.[4] This is confirmed byPatriarch Nicholas I sending representatives to theFourth Lateran Council.[4] There is no direct evidence that either Alexandria or Rome repudiated the other; however, Rome's appointing of a Latin patriarch in 1310 implies communion between the two must have ceased by that date.[4]

Patriarch in Rome

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TheBasilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, which was the Roman seat of the Latin Patriarch of Alexandria

Records of a Latin patriarch of Alexandria begin only in the 14th century. The position was merelytitular since the bishop never occupied the See. His patriarchalcathedral in Rome was the papalBasilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls. Many incumbents would hold residential (arch)episcopal posts of various ranks in Catholic countries, and even (earlier and/or later) other Titular Latin patriarchates (Jerusalem, Constantinople). The titular see would have its share of disputed nominations during thepapal schism inAvignon.

Since 1724, theMelkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East holds the title of patriarch of Alexandria. In 1895, theCoptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria was established out of the Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Alexandria. Thus, there remains a patriarch of Alexandria for theCatholic Church.

Suppression

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The titular Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria was left vacant in 1954 and suppressed in January 1964 along with those ofAntioch andConstantinople. It was no longer mentioned in the Vatican yearbook (rather than being announced as being abolished).[5] This was afterPope Paul VI met withEcumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople, showing the Latin Church by this point was more interested inreconciliation with the Eastern Church, abolishing the titular title.[6]

Latin patriarchs of Alexandria

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References

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  1. ^"Titular Patriarchal See of Alexandria"GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016
  2. ^"Alexandria {Alessandria} (Titular See)"Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. retrieved March 24, 2016
  3. ^Runciman, Steven (1997).The Eastern schism: a study of the papacy and the Eastern churches during the XIth and XIIth centuries (Repr. d. Ausg. Oxford, 1956 ed.). Oxford: Clarendon-Pr. pp. 87, 92.ISBN 978-0-19-826417-0.
  4. ^abcdSteven Runciman.The Eastern Schism. (Oxford, 1955). pp. 99-100.
  5. ^"Three Latin quriarchafes dropped, yearbook reveals". 1964. p. 2. Retrieved7 April 2023.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^McCormack, Alan (1997)."The Term "privilege": A Textual Study of Its Meaning and Use in the 1983 Code of Canon Law". Gregorian Biblical BookShop. p. 184.ISBN 9788876527739. Retrieved5 June 2020.
  7. ^"Alessandro Cardinal Crescenzi, C.R.S. "Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved August 9, 2016

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