Location in Rome
Late Baroque façade of theArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran , completed after a competition for the design byAlessandro Galilei in 1735 View showing Archbasilica and Palace Basilica and Palace - side view Lateran andLaterano are names for an area of Rome, and the shared names of several buildings in Rome. The properties were once owned by theLateranus family of the Roman Empire. The Laterani lost their properties toEmperor Constantine who allegedly gave them to the Bishop of Rome though this traditional report has been most likely based on the documentDonation of Constantine which has been proven to be a forgery.[ 1] [ 2]
The most famous Lateran buildings are theLateran Palace , once called the Palace of the Popes, and theArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran , thecathedral of Rome, which while in Rome, and not in the Vatican, are properties of theHoly See , and have extraterritorial privileges as a result of the 1929Lateran Treaty with Italy. As the official ecclesiastical seat of thepope , Saint John Lateran contains the papalcathedra Christendom 's earliestbasilica .
Attached to the basilica is theLateran Baptistery , one of the oldest inChristendom . Other constituent parts of the Lateran complex are the building of theScala Sancta with the Sancta Sanctorum and theTriclinium ofPope Leo III .
Another basilica in the neighborhood isSan Clemente al Laterano .
ThePontifical Lateran University , or simply Lateranum, is one of thepontifical universities of Rome. An ecclesiastical college in thePhilippines was named after the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, theColegio de San Juan de Letran , founded in 1620.
The Lateran buildings played an important role inCatholic Church history. It (specifically the Lateran Palace) being the place where theFirst Council of the Lateran 1123 ,Second Council of the Lateran 1139 ,Third Council of the Lateran 1179 ,Fourth Council of the Lateran 1213 ,Fifth Council of the Lateran 1512–1517 .[ 3]
TheFirst Council of the Lateran (1123) followed and confirmed theconcordat of Worms . TheSecond Council of the Lateran (1139) declared clerical marriages invalid, regulated clerical dress, and punished attacks on clerics byexcommunication . TheThird Council of the Lateran (1179) limited papal electors to the cardinals alone, condemnedsimony , and forbade the promotion of anyone to theepiscopate before the age of thirty. TheFourth Council of the Lateran (1215) dealt withtransubstantiation ,papal primacy , and conduct of clergy. It saidJews andMuslims should wear a special dress to distinguish them fromChristians . TheFifth Council of the Lateran (1512–1517) attempted reform of the church, including to make peace with Christian lands. It also held non-ecumenical synods which are:
TheLateran Council of 649 , organized byMaximus the Confessor , and called byPope Theodore I to condemn the heresy ofMonothelitism in the Church of the West.[ 4] [ 5] TheLateran Council (769) , called byPope Stephen III to approve icon veneration in the East and thus condemn the heresy ofIconoclasm , deposedAntipope Constantine II , and increased cardinals rights in the Western Church.[ 6] TheLateran Council (964) , was called to deposePope Benedict V .[ 7] The Lateran is also where theLateran Treaty was signed in 1929 establishingVatican City as an independent state. It was signed byBenito Mussolini and Papal diplomatPietro Gasparri .[ 8]
^ Barnes, Arthur. "Saint John Lateran." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 16 Jul. 2014 ^ "CHURCHES OF ROME: CHRISTIANITY'S FIRST CATHEDRAL" .www.ewtn.com .^ "Lateran Councils" .Catholic Answers . Retrieved2024-06-17 .^ Cubitt, Catherine (2011), Whitby, Mary; Price, Richard (eds.),"The Lateran Council of 649 as an Ecumenical Council" ,Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400-700 , Translated Texts for Historians, Contexts, Liverpool University Press, pp. 133– 147,ISBN 978-1-84631-177-2 , retrieved2024-06-17 ^ "Canons of the Lateran Council of 649" .Classical Christianity . March 25, 2012.^ "Pope Stephen III - PopeHistory.com" .popehistory.com . 2017-01-27. Retrieved2024-06-17 .^ Gregorovius, Ferdinand,The History of Rome in the Middle Ages, Vol. III (1895) ^ "Lateran Treaty | Catholic Church, Papal States, Mussolini | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . Retrieved2024-06-17 .Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Lateran .
