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Great Việt 大越 Đại Việt
1407–1413
Imperial seal
Status	Unrecognizedproto-state[1]
Capital	Mô Độ (1407–1409) Bình Than (1409–1413)
Common languages	Literary Chinese[2] Vietnamese[2]
Religion	Buddhism (official),Taoism,Confucianism,Vietnamese folk religion
Government	Monarchy
Emperor
• 1407–1409	Giản Định Đế (first)
• 1409–1413	Trùng Quang Đế (last)
Historical era	Postclassical Era
• Established	1407
• Disestablished	1413
Currency	Copper-alloy cash coins
Preceded by Succeeded by Fourth Era of Northern Domination Fourth Era of Northern Domination
Today part of	Vietnam

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History ofVietnam
Prehistoric Paleolithic Sơn Vi culture 20,000 BC–12,000 BC Mesolithic Hoabinhian 12,000 BC–10,000 BC Neolithic Bắc Sơn culture 10,000 BC–8,000 BC Quỳnh Văn culture 8,000 BC–6,000 BC Đa Bút culture 4,000 BC–3,000 BC Bronze andIron Ages Phùng Nguyên culture 2,000 BC–1,500 BC Đồng Đậu culture 1,500 BC–1,000 BC Gò Mun culture 1,000–800 BC Dong Son culture (1,000 BC–100 AD) Sa Huỳnh culture (1,000 BC–200 AD) Óc Eo culture (1–630 AD)
Ancient Hồng Bàng dynasty myth–258 BC Thục dynasty 257 BC–179 BC Triệu dynasty 204 BC–111 BC
Dominated Han conquest 111 BC 1st Chinese domination 111 BC–40 AD Trung sisters' rebellion 40–43 2nd Chinese domination 43–544 Early Lý dynasty 544–602 3rd Chinese domination 602–938 Battle of Bạch Đằng 938
Dynastic Ngô dynasty 939–965 Anarchy of the 12 Warlords 965–968 Đinh dynasty 968–980 Anterior Lê dynasty 980–1009 Later Lý dynasty 1009–1225 Trần dynasty 1225–1400 Hồ dynasty 1400–1407 4th Chinese domination 1407–1428 Later Lê dynasty 1428–1527 Mạc dynasty 1527–1592 Later Lê Restoration 1533–1789  Đàng Ngoài  Đàng Trong Tây Sơn dynasty 1778–1802 Nguyễn dynasty 1802–1945 French conquest 1858–1887
Colonial French Cochinchina 1862–1949 French Annam 1883–1949 French Tonkin 1883–1949 French Indochina 1887–1945 First World War 1914–1918 Japanese occupation 1940–1945  Famine 1944–1945 Empire of Vietnam 1945  August Revolution
Modern Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1945–1976 Civil conflicts 1945–1949 Southern Resistance 1945–1946 First Indochina War 1946–1954 State of Vietnam 1949–1955 Republic of Vietnam 1955–1975 Vietnam War 1955–1975 Republic of South Vietnam 1975–1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1976–now  Cambodian–Vietnamese War 1978–1989  Sino-Vietnamese War 1979  Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979–1991  Đổi Mới 1986–now
Peripheral Funan 68–627 Champa 192–1832 Cát Tiên archaeological site 300–800 Chenla 550–781 Nanzhao 738–902 Khmer Empire 802–1431 Dali Kingdom 937–1253 Nung-Zhuang kingdom 1042–1052 Ngưu Hống 1061–1432 Jarai kingdoms 1100–1904 Sip Song Chau Tai 1600–1954 Principality of Hà Tiên 1707–1832
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TheLater Trần dynasty (Vietnamese:Nhà Hậu Trần,chữ Nôm: 茹後陳;Sino-Vietnamese:triều Hậu Trần,chữ Hán: 朝後陳), officiallyGreat Việt (Vietnamese:Đại Việt;chữ Hán: 大越), was aVietnamese dynasty. It was the continuous line of theTran dynasty that led Vietnamese rebellions against the ChineseMing dynasty from between 1407 and 1413. The regime was characterized by two revolts against the Ming China which had by then established itsrule over Vietnam.

TheMing conquest of Vietnam of 1406–1407 in attempt to removeHo Quy Ly and to bring the previous Tran family back to the throne ofDai Viet, however resulted in the destruction of Dai Viet and the creation of Ming province ofJiaozhi. The Ming's chronicles said that when they did not see a Tran heir, they incorporated the Vietnamese kingdom into Ming Empire, but when Tran royal family members appeared and challenged the Ming rule, the Ming ignored them, even hunted down and executed them.^[1] The first Vietnamese uprising against the Ming Chinese rule in 1408 was led by PrinceTran Ngoi. Vietnamese annals recognized him as the second son of the former Tran king, while the Ming considered him to be a Hmong imposter.^[3] The Ming emperor orderedMu Sheng mobilized 40,000 from Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Sichuan to repress the rebellion, but was utterly defeated by Tran Ngoi's guerrilla bands.^[4]Yongle emperor, being preoccupied with the Mongol wars, appointedZhang Fu to replace Mu Sheng on February 23, 1409. Mobilizing 8,600 boats he had captured in 1407, along with 47,000 troops, Zhang Fu overwhelmed Tran Ngoi's 20,000 men and 600 ships in a naval battle in September 1409.^[4] While Tran Ngoi was captured in December and being delivered toNanjing for execution, his nephewTran Quy Khoang continued leading the struggle against the Ming dynasty.^[4] Tran Quy Khoang sent two missions to the Yongle emperor seeking recognition. The first pair of envoys were executed, but the Ming accepted the second pair, who carried statues of gold and silver to substitute for Tran Quy Khoang's personal presence. Yongle, who had promoted Ho Quy Ly's sonHo Nguyen Trung to a high court position, appointed Ho Nguyen Trung to speak to the envoys and find out more information. One of the envoys revealed the "true" situation to Ho, then accepted the Ming's offer to appoint Tran Quy Khoang as the Province Commissioner of Jiaozhi Province and appoint that envoy as the magistrate of Nghe An. However, upon returning, the envoy who accepted the offer was executed by Tran Quy Khoang, who was displeased at the envoy accepting the lower position on his behalf.^[5]

Tran Quy Khoang eventually renewed his movement, rally more people into his rebellion. Zhang Fu was ordered to return Jiaozhi to suppress the Vietnamese, and learned that Tran Quy Khoang had high ambitions in that part of the world and would not allow the Ming emperor to dictate the destiny of his people.^[6] Zhang Fu again mobilized a strong force of 24,000, battled Tran Quy Khoang's forces inNam Định on February 12, 1411, killed 4,500 and captured 2,000.^[7] On August 6, the Ming army under general Zhang Sheng won fiercely battle inThanh Hóa, sank 160 vessels, captured 120 boats and killed hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese.^[6][8]

Outgunned and outnumbered, Tran Quy Khoang and his partisans continued fought against the superior Ming forces by utilizing Vietnam's terrains against the Ming regulars, and retreating into Cambodia when necessary.^[6] By end of 1413, his force lost 60% to 70% and was forced to steal food and crop from the Ming granaries for survival. He, his wife, and his brother were captured by the Ming on March 30, 1414, and was executed in Nanjing on August 16.^[9]

• Giản Định Đế (簡定帝), r. 1407–1409
• Trùng Quang Đế (重光帝), r. 1409–1413

• Baldanza, Kathlene (2016).Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-1-316-44055-1.
• Sun, Laichen (2006), "Chinese Gunpowder Technology and Đại Việt, ca. 1390–1497", in Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (eds.),Viet Nam: Borderless Histories, University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 72–120,ISBN 978-1-316-44504-4
• Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2011).Perpetual happiness: The Ming emperor Yongle. Seattle: University of Washington Press.ISBN 978-0-295-98109-3.
• Taylor, K. W. (9 May 2013).A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-1-107-24435-1.

• 1413 disestablishments in Asia
• 15th-century disestablishments in Vietnam
• Vietnamese dynasties
• States and territories established in 1407
• States and territories disestablished in 1413
• 1407 establishments in Asia
• 15th-century establishments in Vietnam

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