1913–1924 Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian genocides
Monument inBerlin to the victims of Ottoman genocides of 1912–22. It names "Armenians ", "Greeks ofAsia Minor ,Pontus andEast Thrace " and "Aramaeans (Syriacs/Assyrian /Chaldeans)." Thelate Ottoman genocides is a historiographical theory which sees the concurrentArmenian ,Greek , andAssyrian genocides [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] Young Turks .[ 2] [ 4] The Thirty-Year Genocide Benny Morris andDror Ze'evi , characterize this event as agenocide of Christians ,[ 3] [ 5] [ 6] Jürgen Zimmerer contend that such an approach "ignores the Young Turks' massive violence against non-Christians", in particular againstMuslim Kurds .[ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
Overview Uğur Ümit Üngör , a Dutch–Turkish historian and professor ofgenocide studies , explains that themass violence andenslavement which occurred in thelate Ottoman Empire and itssuccessor state includes, but is not limited to, theAdana massacre ; thepersecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction ; theArmenian ,Greek , andAssyrian genocides ; the 1921Koçgiri massacres ; "the mass violence against Kurds from the 1925Sheikh Said conflict to the 1938Dersim massacre "; the1934 Thrace pogroms , through the 1955Istanbul pogrom against Greek and Armenian Christians.[ 10]
Other scholars sometimes also include the earlierHamidian massacres of Christian Armenians in the 1890s or thedeportations of Kurds between 1916 and 1934 .[ 11]
See also
Citations ^ Smith 2015 , pp. 1–9.^a b Roshwald 2013 , pp. 220–241.^a b Morris, Benny ;Ze'evi, Dror (4 November 2021)."Then Came the Chance the Turks Have Been Waiting For: To Get Rid of Christians Once and for All" .Haaretz Tel Aviv .Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved5 November 2021 .^ Shirinian, George N. (2017).Genocide in the Ottoman Empire: Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks, 1913–1923 . Berghahn Books.ISBN 978-1-78533-433-7 ^ Morris, Benny; Ze'evi, Dror (2019).The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924 .Cambridge, Massachusetts :Harvard University Press . pp. 3– 5.ISBN 978-0-674-24008-7 ^ Gutman, David (2019). "The thirty year genocide: Turkey's destruction of its Christian minorities, 1894–1924".Turkish Studies 21 .Routledge :1– 3.doi :10.1080/14683849.2019.1644170 .S2CID 201424062 . ^ Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies—introduction".Journal of Genocide Research .10 (1):7– 14.doi :10.1080/14623520801950820 .S2CID 71515470 . ^ Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jürgen, eds. (2013).Late Ottoman Genocides: The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies . Routledge.ISBN 978-1-317-99045-1 ^ Akçam, Taner (2011).The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity ^ Üngör, Uğur Ümit (June 2008). "Seeing like a nation-state: Young Turk social engineering in Eastern Turkey, 1913–50".Journal of Genocide Research 10 (1).London andNew York :Routledge :15– 39.doi :10.1080/14623520701850278 .ISSN 1469-9494 .OCLC 260038904 .S2CID 71551858 .^ Deringil, Selim; Adjemian, Boris; Nichanian, Mikaël (2018)."Mass Violence in the Late Ottoman Empire: A Discussion" .Études Arméniennes Contemporaines (11).OpenEdition Journals :95– 104.doi :10.4000/eac.1803 ISSN 2425-1682 .S2CID 165468004 .
References Roshwald, Aviel (2013)."Part II. The Emergence of Nationalism: Politics and Power – Nationalism in the Middle East, 1876–1945" . In Breuilly, John (ed.).The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism .Oxford andNew York :Oxford University Press . pp. 220– 241.doi :10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199209194.013.0011 .ISBN 9780191750304 Smith, Roger W. (Spring 2015). "Introduction: The Ottoman Genocides of Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks".Genocide Studies International .9 (1).Toronto :University of Toronto Press :1– 9.doi :10.3138/GSI.9.1.01 .ISSN 2291-1855 .JSTOR 26986011 .S2CID 154145301 . Üngör, Uğur Ümit (2012). "Disastrous Decade: Armenians and Kurds in the Young Turk Era, 1915–25". In Jongerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle (eds.).Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870–1915 . Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 51.Leiden andBoston :Brill Publishers . pp. 267– 295.doi :10.1163/9789004232273_010 .ISBN 978-90-04-23227-3 ISSN 1380-6076 .S2CID 130614294 .
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