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Las Vegas Sands

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American casino and resort company
For the historic hotel and casino that the company was named after, seeSands Hotel.

Las Vegas Sands Corp.
Company typePublic
IndustryHospitality, tourism,integrated resorts
FoundedNovember 17, 1988; 37 years ago (1988-11-17)
FounderSheldon G. Adelson
HeadquartersLas Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
Area served
Key people
Robert G. Goldstein
(chairman & CEO)
Patrick Dumont
(president & COO)
Randy Hyzak
(CFO)
Zachary Hudson
(General Counsel)
ProductsGambling, hotels, entertainment,casinos,resorts
RevenueIncreaseUS$11.3 billion (2024)
IncreaseUS$2.40 billion (2024)
IncreaseUS$1.45 billion (2024)
Total assetsDecreaseUS$20.7 billion (2024)
Total equityDecreaseUS$2.88 billion (2024)
OwnerAdelson family (54%)
Number of employees
40,300 (2024)
SubsidiariesSands China (69.9%)
Websitesands.com
Footnotes / references
[1]

Las Vegas Sands Corp. is an Americancasino andresort company with corporate headquarters inLas Vegas, Nevada. It was founded bySheldon G. Adelson and his partners out of theSands Hotel and Casino on theLas Vegas Strip. The Sands was demolished and redeveloped asThe Venetian, opening in 1999. An adjacent resort,The Palazzo, opened in 2007. Both resorts were sold in 2022.

The company holds several resorts in Asia, includingMarina Bay Sands in Singapore, which opened in 2010. Through its majority-owned subsidiarySands China, the company owns several properties inMacau, includingSands Macao,The Londoner Macao,The Venetian Macao, andThe Parisian Macao. As of 2020, it is the third-largest casino company worldwide by revenue.[2]

History

[edit]

Development on the Las Vegas Strip

[edit]
Las Vegas Sands was founded bySheldon Adelson

EntrepreneurSheldon G. Adelson and his partners Richard Katzeff, Irwin Chafetz, Ted Cutler, and Jordan Shapiro bought theSands Hotel and Casino in 1989. Adelson and his partners financed their venture with investments in personal computers and trade shows, founding the computer trade showCOMDEX in 1979.[3] They opened the 1.2 million square footSands Expo and Convention Center, then the largest privately owned convention facility in the world,[4] across from the hotel in 1990.

The Sands Hotel was unable to compete with newer resorts on theLas Vegas Strip and was demolished to make room forThe Venetian. Construction of the Venetian began in 1997, funded by Adelson's sale of COMDEX.[5] Modeled on Venice, Italy, it joined the ranks of themed hotels such asExcalibur,New York-New York, andParis Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip. In 2004, Las Vegas Sands, Inc. went public,[3] and its name was changed to the Las Vegas Sands Corp.

Construction onThe Palazzo began in 2005. The Palazzo and The Venetian make up the world's largest hotel under one roof, at 7,000 all-suite rooms and 17 million square feet.[6] The 43-story unfinished condominium skyscraper St. Regis Residences at the Venetian Palazzo is on the same campus. Construction halted in 2008 due to company financial issues.[7]

The 2008 financial crisis forced Adelson to invest $1 billion of his own capital to keep the Las Vegas Sands in business, much of which the company spent developing event spaces and high-end retail stores in their properties By 2011, the Las Vegas Sands Corp.'s main profits came from renting convention space.[8]

Expansion into Asia

[edit]
Las Vegas Sands was influential in the development of Macau's Cotai Strip, where Sands operates three properties

The company soon recognized new commercial opportunities in Asia, specifically inMacau, the only Special Administrative Region of China where gambling is legal. Las Vegas Sands Corp., along withWynn Resorts andGalaxy Entertainment Group,[9] was one of the first to be granted a casino operating concession. Sands Macao resort, Macau's first American-operated casino, opened in 2004.

Las Vegas Sands Corp.'s future Macau properties were largely inCotai, a district of reclaimed land created through public works projects and designated for hotels and casinos.[10] TheVenetian Macao, the second-largest in the world at 550,000 square feet, opened in 2007.[11]

In 2008, Las Vegas Sands opened a Four Seasons hotel adjacent to the Venetian Macao. It was followed by The Londoner Macao, originally branded Sands Cotai Central, and The Parisian Macao.

Development plans proceeded in 2010 forMarina Bay Sands resort in Singapore, at $5.6 billion the most expensive hotel and casino ever built.[12] The resort was designed by Israeli-Canadian architectMoshe Safdie and is composed of three 57-story towers connected at the top by a 3-acre SkyPark(R). The integrated resort was the second built in Singapore afterResorts World Sentosa. Eight months after opening, Marina Bay Sands set a record for posting a $600 million operating profit.

In September 2012, the Las Vegas Sands Corp. announced thatMadrid had been chosen as destination for a casino resort project dubbedEuroVegas in an attempt to expand outside of Asia.[13] In February 2013, the company named the town ofAlcorcón, on the outskirts of Madrid, as the site for the EuroVegas project.[14] Plans included six casinos, twelve hotels, a convention center, three golf courses, shopping centers, bars, and restaurants, and was expected to take 10 years to build. In December 2013 the EuroVegas project was officially canceled.[15]

Recent history

[edit]

In 2015, the Las Vegas Sands Corp. and California-based co-developer California-basedMajestic Realty Co.[16] proposed a $1.2 billion65,000-seat stadium located near The Strip for theOakland Raiders football team. The proposal required $420 million from private investors and $780 million in public funding, primarily from tourism. Despite Las Vegas Sands withdrawing from the project, the Raiders eventually moved into the stadium after relocating from Oakland.[16]

The company's 2018 annual report anticipated "a significant and adverse effect" from the "proliferation of gaming venues, particularly in Southeast Asia."[17]

In May 2019, the company sold Sands Bethlehem to thePoarch Band of Creek Indians for $1.3 billion, and it was renamedWind Creek Bethlehem.[18]

Las Vegas Sands was one of multiple bidders trying to open a commercial casino inDownstate New York. Las Vegas Sands had proposed buildingSands New York, anintegrated resort at theNassau Coliseum site inUniondale, New York,[19] but withdrew their bid in April of 2025 due to the threat of New York legalizing online gambling.[20][21] In the event that the state ofTexas legalizes casinos, Las Vegas Sands hopes to build anintegrated resort inIrving at the former site ofTexas Stadium. Following backlash towards the project, Sands withdrew the casino component of the project.[22][23][24] Las Vegas Sands confirmed that they are interested in developing an integrated resort inThailand following the withdrawal of theEntertainment Complex Bill but stated that Thailand needed a clear framework if they were to legalize gambling.[25]

In July 2025, Las Vegas Sands broke ground on an expansion of theMarina Bay Sands inSingapore which will be completed by 2031. The expansion will include a separate fourth hotel tower, an arena and added convention space.[26][27][28]

Finances

[edit]
Sales by region (2023)[29]
Regionshare
Macau63.2%
Singapore37.1%
Intersegment Eliminations-0.3 %

TheCOVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the company's finances with a 97.1% decrease in revenue and a second-quarter fiscal loss of $985 million.[30] In March 2021, two months after Sheldon G. Adelson's death, the company announced the sale of its Las Vegas properties toVici Properties and its operations toApollo Global Management.[31] The sale was finalized in February 2022.[32]

As of 2021, the Las Vegas Sands Corp. is headed by CEO Robert Glen Goldstein, and reported a 2020 annual revenue of $3.61 billion.[33]

YearRevenue
in million USD
Net income
in million USD
Total assets
in million USD
Employees
20051,7412843,8806,000
20062,2374427,12615,280
20072,95111711,46728,000
20084,390−18917,14428,500
20094,563−54020,57227,000
20106,85340721,04434,000
20119,4111,27022,24440,000
201211,1311,52422,16446,000
201313,7702,30622,72448,500
201414,5842,84122,35448,500
201511,6881,96620,86346,500
201611,4101,67020,46949,000
201712,8822,80620,68750,000
201813,7292,41322,54750,000
201913,7392,69823,19950,000
20203,612−1,68520,80744,500
20214,234−96120,05944,700
20224,1101,83222,03935,700
202310,3721,22121,77838,700
202411,2981,44620,66640,300

Political contributions

[edit]
The Adelsons have a long history of contributing toDonald Trump and his campaigns

According toOpenSecrets, Las Vegas Sands donated $52.9 million toRepublican candidates as the largest single contributor to federal campaigns during the 2012 election cycle.[34] By comparison, Adelson Drug Clinic was the second-largest solely Republican contributor during the 2012 election cycle with $42.1 million donated. Since 1992, Las Vegas Sands has contributed $70.5 million to federal campaigns; since 1999 the company has spent $5.4 million on lobbying.[35]

Miriam Adelson has been one ofDonald Trump's top donors during all three of his presidential campaigns.[36][37][38] Adelson has also provided financial support to theZionist Organization of America, theYad Vashem Holocaust museum and memorial inJerusalem, and multiple U.S. groups that fundraise for theIsraeli military.[39]

Las Vegas Sands has actively been lobbying inTexas to get the state to legalize commercial casinos.[40]

Initiatives

[edit]

Las Vegas Sands has their own sustainability initiative roadmap called Sands ECO360, centered on identifying eco-friendly processes surrounding building development, resort management, and events.

One of the company's initiatives encourages resort staff to report possible water- or energy-conservation concerns.[41]

Two buildings in Singapore are LEED certified, and several in Macau have received awards for Energy Saving Activities.[42]

Properties

[edit]

Las Vegas Sands holds integrated resorts inAsia includingMarina Bay Sands inSingapore and through its majority-owned subsidiarySands China Ltd. (SCL) owns several integrated resorts inMacao includingThe Venetian Macao,Sands Macao, The Plaza Macao and Four Seasons Hotel,The Londoner Macao andThe Parisian Macao.

Current properties

[edit]
ImagePropertyLocationDate openedRevenue in US$ millions
(2023)[29]
Sands MacaoMacau Peninsula, MacauMay 18, 2004322
Cotai ArenaCotai Strip, MacauApril 8, 2007...
The Venetian MacaoCotai Strip, MacauAugust 28, 20072,682
Marina Bay SandsMarina Bay, SingaporeApril 27, 20103,849
The Londoner MacaoCotai Strip, MacauApril 12, 20121,792
The Parisian MacaoCotai Strip, MacauSeptember 13, 2016879

Former properties

[edit]
ImagePropertyLocationDate openedDate closedNotes
Sands Hotel and CasinoLas Vegas,NevadaDecember 15, 1952June 30, 1996The originalSands Hotel in Las Vegas – demolished November 26, 1996.
Sands Casino Resort BethlehemBethlehem, PennsylvaniaMay 22, 2009Sands Casino Resort Bethlehem was sold to Wind Creek Hospitality, a tribe-owned company of thePoarch Band of Creek Indians in Alabama on May 31, 2019. On completion of the sale the property was re-brandedWind Creek Bethlehem.
Sands ExpoLas Vegas,Nevada1990Part of The Venetian Las Vegas.
The Venetian Las VegasLas Vegas,NevadaMay 4, 1999Sold toVici Properties andApollo Global Management in February 2022.
SphereLas Vegas,NevadaSeptember 29, 2023Part of the Venetian; opened after Las Vegas Sands departed the project.[43]
The PalazzoLas Vegas,NevadaDecember 30, 2007Part of The Venetian Las Vegas

Ownership and stock

[edit]
  • December 2004: Las Vegas Sands completed its initial public offering with the ticker LVS on the New York Stock Exchange at a price of $29 per share.[3] 6.8% of the company was put on the market.[3] Adelson maintained 87.9% ownership of the company; management and directors owned the remaining 5.3%.[3]
  • October 2007: the company'smarket capitalization peaked at $52 billion at $144.56 a share.
  • September 2008: Las Vegas Sands' stock plummeted to $36.11, prompting Adelson and his wife, Dr.Miriam Adelson, to invest $475 million in the company through a 6.5% convertible note in 2013.
  • November 2008: The Adelson family again invested $525 million in Las Vegas Sands, with the company raising an additional $1 billion in a secondary offering. The Adelsons also purchased 5.25 million shares of preferred stock as well as warrants to purchase 87.5 million shares of common stock at an exercise price of $6 each.
  • March 2009:market capitalization sinks to approximately $1 billion at less than $2 a share due to general market declines and concern for the short-term financial health of the gambling industry.
  • November 2009: Las Vegas Sands completed an initial public offering of its subsidiary Sands China Ltd., which owns and operates its Macau properties. The company raised a total of $3.3 billion in equity capital by selling a 29% interest in Sands China Ltd.
  • 2012: CEOSheldon G. Adelson and his family owned approximately 53% of the company.[44]

Aircraft

[edit]

Las Vegas Sands operates private aircraft used primarily for charter transportation of executive directors and VIP guests of its properties. The Las Vegas Sands fleet is leased for charter purposes by Tradenda Capital AG (Lichtenstein), whose portfolio of companies includes Sands Aviation LLC and Interface Aviation LLC, the latter of which handles the personal affairs of the Adelson family. All operational Las Vegas Sands aircraft are based in Las Vegas atHarry Reid International Airport. The fleet includes the following aircraft (as of May 2025):[citation needed]

AircraftIn Fleet
Airbus A319-1002
Airbus A340-5001
Boeing 737-7005
Boeing 767-300ER1
Total9

Gallery

[edit]

Alleged anti-bribery violations

[edit]

In March 2013, the New York Times[45] reported that the Las Vegas Sands Corp. had informed theU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that the company likely violated federal law against the bribery of foreign officials. The Company disputed these reports, stating in a press release:

The company did not report any violations of the anti-bribery provisions of theFCPA, and it said news reports stating otherwise, such as the headline in today's New York Times which described the matter by saying 'Casino Says it Likely Cheated,' are both inflammatory and defamatory...in [the Company's] preliminary findings the company's Audit Committee had advised that there were 'likely violations' of the books and records and internal controls provisions (i.e. 'accounting provisions') of the FCPA. A potential violation of the accounting provisions could range anywhere from a single transaction recorded incorrectly to other errors in the accounting records. The company said it will vigorously defend itself against that type of uninformed and misleading reporting.[46]

Legal issues

[edit]

On May 31, 2016, Sands reached a financial settlement with former Sands China president Steve Jacobs, who sued the company in 2010 for breach of contract and wrongful termination.[47] Terms of the settlement were not disclosed, but theWall Street Journal reported that the company paid Jacobs more than $75 million.[48] Jacobs had claimed he was dismissed for "blowing the whistle on improprieties" in Macau,[49] including Jacobs' allegations that Adelson had instructed him to investigate senior Macau officials' potentially damaging financial and business information to use as leverage in future regulatory discussions.[50] Adelson denied these allegations, characterizing Jacobs as a disgruntled ex-employee.[51]

On March 14, 2019, Sands reached a financial settlement with Hong Kong businessman Richard Suen for an undisclosed amount after having sued Las Vegas Sands for the third time, arguing he was owed $347 million by the Company, who countered with $3.76 million. Terms of the settlement were not disclosed, but Sands attorneyRichard Sauber said the parties had reached an "amicable settlement and resolution."[52] Suen had successfully sued Sands twice in 2004 with the claim that he had been promised a $5 million success fee and 2% of Sands' profits from its operations in Macau in exchange for helping to obtain a Macau casino concession. The trials resulted in awards of $44 million and $70 million, respectively.[53]

In June 2021, the Company was sued in a Macau court byAsian American Entertainment Corporation, who alleged entitlement to $70 million in Las Vegas Sands' profits in Macau as the company began operating there in 2002.[54]

Prior to the November 2022 elections, Las Vegas Sands conducted a petition drive in Florida, spending $49.5 million to amend the State's Constitution to expand casino gambling. The state of Florida is investigating evidence of potentially fraudulent signatures collected during this event.[55]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Las Vegas Sands 20234 Annual Report". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 7, 2025.
  2. ^"Largest casino companies 2018".Statista.Archived from the original on August 2, 2021. RetrievedOctober 23, 2016.
  3. ^abcdeStutz, Howard (December 16, 2004)."Investors, Las Vegas Sands hit jackpot as stock goes public".Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived fromthe original on December 18, 2004.
  4. ^"Renovating The World's Largest Integrated Resort"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on June 19, 2021. RetrievedJuly 6, 2022.
  5. ^Yakowicz, Will; Bertoni, Steven (January 12, 2021)."The Improbable Life Of Sheldon Adelson, Republican Kingmaker And Casino Billionaire".Forbes.Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. RetrievedJuly 6, 2022.
  6. ^"LAS VEGAS SANDS: THE VENETIAN AND THE PALAZZO".Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. RetrievedJuly 7, 2022.
  7. ^Roeben, Scott (August 12, 2015)."The Las Vegas Secret Hidden in Plain Sight".Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. RetrievedJuly 6, 2022.
  8. ^"Coffee With Mike". Las Vegas Sands Blog. April 24, 2011. Archived fromthe original on March 25, 2013. RetrievedAugust 29, 2013.
  9. ^"Chronology of Gambling Events in Macao"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on July 7, 2022. RetrievedJuly 6, 2022.
  10. ^Wu, Shangchen; Lu, Youshen; Fang, Hanwei."Evolution process of land reclaimation in Macao and its impact on economy and ecology"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on June 16, 2022. RetrievedJuly 6, 2022.
  11. ^Keaton, Brooke (June 10, 2020)."Top 10 Biggest Casinos In The World Ever".Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. RetrievedJuly 6, 2022.
  12. ^Cohen, Muhammad."How Marina Bay Sands Transformed The Singapore Skyline And Global Gaming Landscape".Forbes.Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. RetrievedJuly 6, 2022.
  13. ^"Las Vegas Sands Names Madrid As Preferred Location for European Development". Las Vegas Sands. September 7, 2012. Archived fromthe original on September 11, 2012.
  14. ^"Spain's Alcorcon town chosen for EuroVegas resort". February 8, 2013.[dead link]
  15. ^Tobias Buck (Madrid) (December 13, 2013)."Sheldon Adelson cancels $30bn Eurovegas project in Spain". Financial Times (London).Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. RetrievedDecember 13, 2013.
  16. ^abStutz, Howard (January 28, 2016)."Las Vegas Sands proposes $1B domed stadium; Adelson to meet with Raiders owner".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. RetrievedFebruary 3, 2019.
  17. ^Ese Erheriene (May 7, 2019). "Casino Boom in Asia Pressures Vegas Operators: Region's new venues aim to draw gamblers beyond Macau, U.S. giants' longtime hub". Wall Street Journal. p. B5.
  18. ^Harris, Jon (May 31, 2019)."The deal is complete: Sands Bethlehem casino is now owned by Wind Creek Hospitality".The Morning Call. Allentown, PA.Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. RetrievedJuly 20, 2019.
  19. ^O'Connor, Devin (August 11, 2023)."Sands New York Details Long Island Resort Plans Through Rezoning Application".Casino.org. RetrievedMay 8, 2024.
  20. ^Las Vegas Sands Drops Bid to Open a Casino on Long Island
  21. ^Sands Abandons NYC Casino Plan Citing iGaming Risks
  22. ^Las Vegas Sands' resort vision in Irving relies on casino — but what about Mavericks arena?
  23. ^Irving City Council considering rezoning land owned by Adelson family for possible destination resort, including an arena
  24. ^Las Vegas Sands Corporation pulls casino-style gaming from proposal ahead of Irving City Council vote
  25. ^Why Las Vegas Sands is interested in building a casino in Thailand
  26. ^Las Vegas Sands launches Marina Bay Sands expansion in Singapore
  27. ^Marina Bay Sands in Singapore Breaks Ground on $8 Billion Expansion
  28. ^Singapore's Marina Bay Sands casino resort begins $8bn expansion
  29. ^ab"Las Vegas Sands Corp.: Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile | US5178341070 | MarketScreener".www.marketscreener.com. RetrievedMarch 24, 2024.
  30. ^Komenda, Ed."Sands: 'Las Vegas is in a world of hurt.' Venetian, Palazzo owner reports $985M loss in Q2".Reno Gazette Journal.Archived from the original on April 27, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2022.
  31. ^"With sale of the Venetian, Las Vegas Sands exits the Strip".AP NEWS. April 30, 2021.Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. RetrievedNovember 19, 2021.
  32. ^Velotta, Richard N. (February 23, 2022)."Las Vegas Sands closes $6.4 billion sale of Venetian to Apollo, Vici".Las Vegas Review-Journal. RetrievedDecember 4, 2023.
  33. ^"Las Vegas Sands Corp. - Financials - Annual Reports".investor.sands.com.Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2022.
  34. ^"Top Organization Contributors".OpenSecrets.Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. RetrievedJune 23, 2016.
  35. ^"Organizations: Las Vegas Sands".OpenSecrets.Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. RetrievedJune 23, 2016.
  36. ^"Trump meets with GOP megadonor Miriam Adelson".Politico. February 10, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 22, 2024.
  37. ^Leary, Alex; McCormick, John (April 6, 2024)."Trump Will Raise $43 Million in One Night, but He's Still Courting His Biggest 2020 Donor".The Wall Street Journal.Archived from the original on April 6, 2024. RetrievedApril 6, 2024.
  38. ^Weil, Elizabeth (May 20, 2024)."Miriam Adelson's Unfinished Business".New York Magazine.Archived from the original on June 20, 2024. RetrievedMay 26, 2024.
  39. ^"Who is Miriam Adelson, the reported soon-to-be majority owner of the Dallas Mavericks?".WFAA Dallas. RetrievedNovember 28, 2023.
  40. ^Las Vegas Sands Texas Super PAC Loaded With More Than $9 Million in Cash
  41. ^"Las Vegas Sands Green Ideas Challenge".Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. RetrievedJuly 6, 2022.
  42. ^"Our Planet | Las Vegas Sands".Las Vegas Sands | World-Class Integrated Resorts. February 16, 2022.Archived from the original on January 29, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 29, 2022.
  43. ^Velotta, Richard N. (February 23, 2022)."MSG Sphere at The Venetian is getting a 'mohawk.' It's a big deal".Las Vegas Review-Journal. RetrievedDecember 4, 2023.
  44. ^McDonald, Duff (February 8, 2012)."Meet the woman behind Sheldon Adelson".Archived from the original on March 30, 2018. RetrievedSeptember 14, 2017.
  45. ^Schwirtz, Michael (March 2, 2013)."In Filing, Casino Operator Admits Likely Violation of an Antibribery Law".The New York Times.Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2017.
  46. ^"LVS Fires Back at Misleading and Sensationalistic Reporting of Company's Most Recent Financial Disclosure (NYSE:LVS)". Archived fromthe original on June 21, 2013. RetrievedAugust 29, 2013.
  47. ^Master, Farah (June 1, 2016)."Las Vegas Sands settles with former CEO of Macau casino unit".Reuters.Archived from the original on August 22, 2018. RetrievedMarch 15, 2019.
  48. ^O'Keeffe, Kate; Berzon, Alexandra (June 1, 2016)."Las Vegas Sands to Pay More Than $75 Million to Settle Suit Filed by Former Macau CEO".Wall Street Journal.Archived from the original on March 18, 2019. RetrievedMarch 15, 2019.
  49. ^Velotta, Richard N. (June 1, 2016)."Las Vegas Sands Corp., Steven Jacobs reach confidential settlement in wrongful termination case".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. RetrievedMarch 15, 2019.
  50. ^Heuer, Mike (June 2, 2016)."Adelson & Sands Will Pay Ex-CEO Millions".Courthouse News Service.Archived from the original on September 22, 2021. RetrievedMarch 15, 2019.
  51. ^Isaacs, Matt."Megadonor Sheldon Adelson and the inside story of Chinese casino money flooding our elections".Mother Jones.Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. RetrievedMarch 15, 2019.
  52. ^Ritter, Ken."Vegas Sands-Macau dealmaker settle 15-year case".Lehigh Valley Business Cycle. RetrievedMarch 15, 2019.
  53. ^Velotta, Richard N. (March 5, 2019)."Judge: Adelson doesn't have to testify in Macau licensing case".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on March 5, 2019. RetrievedMarch 15, 2019.
  54. ^"Las Vegas Sands faces $12B claim in Macau court".Fox Business.Archived from the original on July 14, 2021. RetrievedJuly 14, 2021.
  55. ^Powers, Scott (February 8, 2022)."Casino petition drive fraud claims, investigations multiply".Florida Politics.Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2022.

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