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Languages of the Iberian Peninsula

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Iberian languages" redirects here. For the specific language, seeIberian language. For Romance (Latinate) languages in the region, seeIberian Romance languages. For the unrelated South Caucasian languages rarely called "Iberian" after the classical Kingdom of Iberia, seeKartvelian languages.

There have been many languages spoken in theIberian Peninsula.

Historic languages

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Pre-Roman languages

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Main articles:Paleo-Iberian languages andPaleohispanic scripts

Pre-Roman languages of Iberia circa 300 BC

The following languages were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before theRoman occupation and the spread of theLatin language.

Aquitanian (probably closely related to or the same as Proto-Basque)
Proto-Basque
Iberian
Tartessian
Indo-European languages
- Celtic languages
  - Celtiberian
  - Gallaecian
- Lusitanian (disputed: either Italic, Celtic, Para-Celtic or other Indo-European)
- Sorothaptic
- Hellenic
  - Ancient Greek
Afro-Asiatic languages
- Semitic languages
  - Phoenician
    - Punic

Medieval languages

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The following languages were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula in medieval times, following thefall of the Western Roman Empire.

Medieval Basque
Indo-European languages
- Germanic languages
- Italic languages
  - Latin
    - Astur-Leonese
    - Galician-Portuguese (Old Galician)
    - Old Catalan
    - Old Provençal (Old Occitan)
    - Old Castilian (Old Spanish)
    - Mozarabic
    - Navarro-Aragonese
- Celtic languages
  - Brittonic
- Indo-Iranian languages
  - Scythian
    - Alanic
  - Romani
Afro-Asiatic languages
- Berber languages
- Semitic languages
  - Arabic languages
    - Classical Arabic
      - Andalusian Arabic
  - Jewish languages
    - Medieval Hebrew (based onBiblical Hebrew)
      - Sephardi Hebrew
      - Judaeo-Romance languages (also classified as Italic/Latin languages)
        Judaeo-Aragonese
        Judaeo-Catalan
        Judaeo-Portuguese
        Judaeo-Spanish

Modern languages

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The following indigenous languages are currently spoken in the Iberian Peninsula.

By linguistic group

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Languages of the Iberian Peninsula (simplified).

Basque (isolate)
Indo-European languages
- Italic languages
  - Romance languages
    - Aragonese
    - Astur-Leonese
      - Asturian
      - Cantabrian (co-dialect with Spanish)
      - Leonese
      - Mirandese
      - Extremaduran (co-dialect with Spanish)
    - Catalan
      - Eastern Catalan
        Northern Catalan
        Central Catalan
      - Western Catalan
        North-Western Catalan
        Valencian
        Ribagorçan (co-dialect with Aragonese)
        Benasquese (co-dialect with Aragonese and Gascon Occitan)
    - French
    - Galician-Portuguese
    - Spanish (orCastilian)
      - Spanish dialects and varieties
- Germanic languages
  - Anglic
    - English (Gibraltar)
Mixed languages
- Caló (Ibero-Romance Romani)
- Erromintxela (Basque Romani)
- Barranquenho
- Llanito
Sign languages

By country

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Andorra:
- Catalan (official recognition)
- Spanish
- French
France (Pyrénées-Orientales):
- French (official recognition)
- French Sign Language (official recognition)
- Catalan (official recognition)
- Occitan (not in the Iberian Peninsula, official recognition)
Gibraltar (UKdependency):
- English (official recognition)
- British Sign Language^[1]
- Spanish
- Llanito
Portugal:
- Portuguese (official recognition)
- Portuguese Sign Language (official recognition)
- Mirandese (only spoken in a small eastern area of theNorte region, near Portuguese-Spanish border; official recognition)
- Barranquenho (spoken in the town ofBarrancos, near Portuguese–Spanish border; recognized and protected)
- Minderico (only spoken in the town ofMinde)
Spain:
- Spanish (also called Castilian, official recognition)
- Spanish Sign Language (official recognition)
- Catalan (official recognition; calledValencian in theValencian Community).
- Catalan Sign Language (official recognition)
- Valencian Sign Language (official recognition)
- Galician (official recognition) andFala
- Eonavian (also called Galician-asturian, official recognition)^[2]
- Basque (official recognition)
- Aragonese (official recognition)
- Asturian (also called Bable, official recognition)
- Cantabrian
- Leonese (official recognition)
- Extremaduran
- Occitan (not in the Iberian Peninsula, locally calledAranese, official recognition)^[3]
- Moroccan Arabic (not in the Iberian Peninsula)
- Riffian Berber (not in the Iberian Peninsula)

Usage of co-official languages in Spain

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Speakers of official languages in the Spanish autonomous communities
(as a % of each region's population)
Autonomous community	Co-official languages	Co-official language speakers
Balearic Islands (2011)^[4]	Catalan	71.5%
Basque Country (2011)^[5]	Basque	32.0%
Catalonia (2011)^[4]	Catalan	80.9%
Galicia (2007)^[6]	Galician	89.3%
Navarre (2011)^[5]	Basque	11.7%
Valencian Community (2011)^[4]	Valencian	58.4%
Asturias^[7]	Asturian language	42.0%

External links

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References

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^Launch of British Sign Language in Gibraltar Archived 2012-04-29 at theWayback Machine.
^Act 1/1998, March 23 of Principality of Asturias)
^Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, article 6th andAct 35/2010, October 1st of Parliament of Catalonia
^^a ^b ^c"Informe sobre la situació de la llengua catalana"(PDF). Observatori de la llengua catalana. 2011. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 January 2013. Retrieved6 January 2013.
^^a ^b"V. Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa". Hizkuntza Politikarako Sailburuordetza. Retrieved6 January 2013.
^"Situación da lingua galega na sociedade. Observación no ámbito da cidadanía 2007"(PDF). Observatorio da Lingua Galega/Xunta de Galicia. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 13 September 2016. Retrieved2 September 2016.
^"Sociollingüística". Espaciu y Tiempu de la llingua asturiana. Retrieved6 January 2013.

v t e Languages of Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Vatican City
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard
Other entities	European Union Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Language families ofEurasia

Widespread

Indian Ocean rim

"Paleosiberian"	Chukotko-Kamchatkan Nivkh Yeniseian Yukaghir Ainu
OtherNorth Asia	Uralic Tungusic Eskaleut Rouran ? Xiongnu ?

Proposed groupings

Alarodian Altaic Borean Nostratic Dené–Caucasian Eurasiatic Dené–Yeniseian Dravido-Korean Elamo-Dravidian Ibero-Caucasian Indo-Hittite Indo-Pacific Indo-Semitic Indo-Uralic Karasuk North Caucasian Serbi–Mongolic Pontic Ural-Altaic Uralo-Siberian Uralic–Yukaghir Eskimo–Uralic Chukotko-Kamchatkan–Amuric
Arunachal	Greater Siangic Siangic Digaro Mijiic Miju Hrusish Kho-Bwa
East and Southeast Asia	Andamanese Austric Austro-Tai Austronesian–Ongan East Asian Sino-Austronesian