Landspeeders are fictionalanti-gravity craft used through theStar Wars movies andStar Wars expanded universe. They are depicted both in civilian and military capacities, and several versions have been merchandised as toys and models.
Landspeeders first appear inStar Wars. Two of them—Luke Skywalker's (Mark Hamill) X-34 and a V-35—were designed by noted special effects artistJohn Stears and were fitted around cars. Skywalker's landspeeder was designed and built byTom Karen ofOgle Design around the chassis of aBond Bug three-wheeler car.[1][2][3] One of the major challenges the production crew faced was disguising the wheels to create the illusion that the craft was hovering.[4][5] For certain shots, they shot from camera angles that masked the wheels; for long-distance shots, they used reflective material, gelatin on the camera lens, and shadow effects. A small blur could be seen under the speeder, which George Lucas called "The Force Spot" (stated in Special Edition Tape).[4]Production designerRoger Christian used an angled mirror and a broom attached to the vehicle's underside to create, at certain angles, the illusion that the craft was hovering and kicking up dust.[3]Star Wars creatorGeorge Lucas used digital technology to enhance the landspeeder effects in the Special Edition ofA New Hope.[4]
Within theStar Wars universe, speeder is a generic term for any "repulsorcraft" or vehicle which usesanti-gravityrepulsorlift technology to hover and fly above a planet's surface.[9] Landspeeders more specifically use repulsor technology to hover just above the ground, while they cannot achieve any great height they are cheap and fast. Many different types of landspeeders exist in theStar Wars universe to fulfill a variety of roles, including for personal transport.[10]
InStar Wars Film and Television
X-34 Landspeeder: InA New Hope,Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) pilots an X-34 landspeeder, which he later sells before leavingTatooine to join theRebel Alliance. Reference material identifies the X-34 as a civilian vehicle manufactured by SoroSuub Corporation. At 3.4 m (11 ft) long, the X-34 can accommodate a pilot and passenger, while magnetic clamps behind the seating can accommodatedroids or other cargo. Other features include retractable windshield which can enclose the cockpit, terrain scanner and night-vision headlights.[11] With three turbine engines, it has a top speed of 250 km/h (160 mph) and maximum altitude of 1 m (3 ft 3 in).[12][13]
Flash Speeder: Flash speeders appear inThe Phantom Menace as one of several patrol vehicles used by the Royal Naboo Security Forces. Designed for street patrol and high-speed pursuit by the SoroSuub Corporation, the Flash speeder is 4.5 m (15 ft) long with seating for a pilot and passenger and maximum altitude of 2 m (6 ft 7 in). It is armed with a single pursuit/defense blaster on a 360° swivel mount.[14]
Gian Speeder: Gian speeders appear inThe Phantom Menace as another landspeeder used by the Royal Naboo Security Force. Unlike the Flash speeder though, reference material identifies the Gian speeder as a heavier vehicle only employed for tactical situations. Also manufactured by the SoroSuub Corporation, the Gian has a top speed of 160 km/h (99 mph).[15] Its narrower body makes it harder to hit from the front or rear at the expense of maneuverability and its tougher hull is reinforced with armor to withstand glancing hits. Larger than the Flash speeder with a length of 5.7 m (19 ft), the Gian speeder seats a pilot, gunner and two passengers.[14] Standard armaments include two side-mounted light repeating laser cannons, with the option of a hood-mounted heavy laser cannon. Each weapon is independently powered in the event the speeder's main generator is damaged.[14][15]
M-68 Landspeeder: The M-68 landspeeder first appears inSolo: A Star Wars Story whenHan Solo (Alden Ehrenreich) andQi'ra (Emilia Clarke) hijack one to escape the White Worms gang. Within theStar Wars universe, the M-68 is described as a popularstreet racing model manufactured by Mobquet Swoops and Speeders. Nicknamed the "street blaster bolt", the M-68 has a top speed of 225 km/h (140 mph) and is available in bothhardtop and open-air models.[16]
A-A4B Truckspeeder: When Han and Qi'ra attempt to flee the White Worms gang inSolo, they are pursued by Moloch in an A-A4B Truckspeeder. Described as a heavy, rugged design, the A-A4B was built in-universe by Trast Heavy Transports with armored caging over the driver's seat and front grille, turning the landspeeder into a batter ram during high-speed chases.[16]
Luke Skywalker's X-34 landspeeder was one of fifty fictional vehicles selected for display at thePetersen Automotive Museum'sHollywood Dream Machines exhibition which focused on the most significant or important vehicles to feature in the science fiction and fantasy genre.[17] The X-34 was chosen not just for its role in the plot but also it's thematic contribution to the film.[18]
ManyStar Wars fans have been inspired to build "working" full-scale replicas of Luke's X-34 landspeeder. Daniel Deutsch built a drivable replica in 2007 using parts from an electricgolf cart andfiberglass molding. The replica achieved fame when it was highlighted by former'N Sync memberJoey Fatone andrapperKanye West.[19] CelebrityYouTube inventor Colin Furze created another replica in 2019 in celebration of the release ofStar Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. The only known full-scale metal model of the X-34, it was sold oneBay for £50,000, with all proceeds going toBBC’s ‘Children In Need’.[20][21][22]
Landspeeders have served as a source of inspiration forStar Wars fans across artistic communities. Digital artist Brad Builds created a landspeeder version of thePontiac GTO themed aroundDarth Vader.[23] French photographer Renaud Marion reimagined 9 classic cars as landspeeders as part of a project called Air Cars. Reimagined models included thePorsche 356 andAston Martin DB5.[24]
Although they operate on different principles,flying cars are often compared toStar Wars landspeeders in popular media.[25] The SkyDrive SD-03 flying car specifically was inspired in part by Luke Skywalker's landspeeder.[26]
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