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Landing Ship Medium

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American amphibious assault ship type

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ALanding Ship Medium (LSM) was originally anamphibious assault ship of theUnited States Navy inWorld War II. Of a size between that ofLanding Ships Tank andLanding Craft Infantry, 558 LSMs were built for the USN between 1944 and 1945. Most of the vessels built on this frame were regular transports, but several dozen were converted during construction to specialized roles. Most LSMs were scrapped during theCold War, but several were sold by theUnited States Department of Defense to foreign nations or private shipping companies.

OPNAV N95 established a new LSM program in 2020. The new LSM will be 350 to 400 feet (110 to 120 m) long, able to operate at 22 knots and have a range of 6,500 miles (10,500 km). The cost will be much lower than traditional amphibious shipping, according to a story in the March 2023Marine Corps Gazette. The piece suggests that a MLR (Marine Littoral Regiment) would need nine LSMs.[1][2][3] As a comparison theJason-class of the Greek Navy is about 380 feet (120 m) long, with a top speed of 18 knots

LSM-1-class Landing Ship Medium (Transport)

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USS LSM-175, of the LSM-1 class, while underway off Charleston Navy Yard in 1944
USSLSM-175 underway off Charleston Navy Yard in 1944
General characteristics
Class & typeLSM-1 class Landing Ship Medium
Displacement
  • 530 long tons (539 t) empty
  • 900 long tons (914 t) loaded
Length203 ft 6 in (62.03 m)
Beam34 ft (10 m)
Draft
  • Landing :
  • 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m) forward
  • 7 ft 8 in (2.34 m) aft
  • Full load :
  • 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) forward
  • 8 ft 3 in (2.51 m) aft
PropulsionFairbanks-MorseorGM Clevelanddiesel engines, 2,800 shp (2,088 kW), direct drive, 2 screws
Speed13.3knots (24.6 km/h; 15.3 mph)
Range5,000 nmi (9,300 km) at 7 kn (13 km/h; 8.1 mph)
Capacity
Troops54 troops
Complement4 officers, 54 enlisted
Armament

List ofLSM-1-class ships

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In total, 558 LSM ships were launched. Some notable examples include:

NameYear launchedFateShort summary
USS LSM-17May 7, 1944Sold on November 15, 1974
USS LSM-19May 14, 1944Unknown
USS LSM-20May 14, 1944Sank on December 5, 1944
USS LSM-45June 30, 1944Scrapped after 1998
USS LSM-46June 30, 1944Sold on October 23, 1948
USS LSM-56July 21, 1944Sold on October 23, 1948
USS LSM-60July 29, 1944Scuttled on July 25, 1946
USS LSM-105October 21, 1944Sold on December 10, 1958
USS LSM-110October 28, 1944Scrapped on June 9, 1976
USS LSM-115November 11, 1944Sold on December 29, 1946
USS LSM-125November 25, 1944Scrapped on October 4, 1977
USS LSM-135April 23, 1944Sank on May 25, 1945
USS LSM-149May 27, 1944Grounded on December 5, 1944
USS LSM-157Sank in September 1958Transferred to Nationalist China in 1949, recommissioned asMei Le, sunk by Red Chinese artillery 9/1958
USS Kodiak (LSM-161)June 27, 1944Scrapped on August 14, 1972
USSOceanside (LSM-175)August 3, 1944Scrapped in 1989
USS LSM-216Scrapped in 1960
USS LSM-217Unknown
USS LSM-236July 4, 1944Scrapped in 1972
USS LSM-247Sold in February 1947
USS LSM-256Sank on June 16, 1969Transferred to Nationalist China in 1949, recommissioned asMei Hua, sunk in a collision with M.V. Ta Tung 16/6/69
USSLSM-275September 11, 1944Scrapped in 1976Later renamed and reclassifiedUSS Portunus (ARC-1)
USS LSM-297October 30, 1944Scrapped in 1958
USSLSM-315Unknown
USSLSM-319Sank in 1971
USS LSM-333October 13, 1944Scuttled on September 17, 2006
USS LSM-335Later USNSLSM-335 (T-AG-335) AssignedRyukyuan shuttle.[4]
USS LSM-338December 5, 1944Scrapped
USS LSM-355December 2, 1944Unknown
USS LSM-380January 13, 1945Waiting for preservation
USS LSM-397January 6, 1945Sold in November 1958
USSHunting (LSM-398)January 6, 1945Scrapped after 1983Later reclassified (E-AG-398)
USS LSM-462February 3, 1945Unknown
USS LSM-469February 17, 1945Scuttled on February 1, 2003
USS LSM-471February 17, 1945Unknown
USSLSM-477Sank in 1971
USS LSM-478March 3, 1945Unknown
USS Raritan (LSM-540)August 1, 1945Unknown
USSLSM-547Abandoned by 1972

LSM(R)-188-class Landing Ship Medium (Rocket)

[edit]
USS LSM(R)-194, of the LSM(R)-188 class, passing under the Cooper River Bridge, Charleston, SC, 2 December 1944
USSLSM(R)-194 passing under the Cooper River Bridge, Charleston, SC, 2 December 1944
General characteristics
Class & typeLSM(R)-188-class Landing Ship Medium (Rocket)
Displacement
  • LSM(R)-188 toLSM(R)-195 :
  • 968 long tons (984 t) loaded
  • LSM(R)-196 toLSM(R)-199 :
  • 1,008 long tons (1,024 t) loaded
Length203 ft 6 in (62.03 m)
Beam34 ft (10 m)
Draft
  • 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) forward
  • 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) aft
PropulsionGM Clevelanddiesel engines, 2,800 shp (2,088 kW), direct drive, two screws
Speed13.2knots (24.4 km/h; 15.2 mph)
Range5,000 nmi (9,300 km) at 7 kn (13 km/h; 8.1 mph)
Complement5 officers, 76 enlisted
Armament

LSM(R)-401-class Landing Ship Medium (Rocket)

[edit]
General characteristics
Class & typeLSM-401(R)-class Landing Ship Medium (Rocket)
Displacement1,175 long tons (1,194 t) loaded
Length203 ft 6 in (62.03 m)
Beam34 ft (10 m)
Draft7 ft 9 in (2.36 m)
PropulsionGM Clevelanddiesel engines, 2,800 shp (2,088 kW), direct drive, two screws
Speed13knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
Range5,000 nmi (9,300 km) at 7 kn (13 km/h; 8.1 mph)
Complement6 officers, 137 enlisted
Armament

LSM(R)-501-class Landing Ship Medium (Rocket)

[edit]
USS Pee Dee River (LSM(R)-517), of the LSM(R)-501 class, underway in 1954
USSPee Dee River (LSM(R)-517) underway in 1954
General characteristics
Class & typeLSM-501(R)-class Landing Ship Medium (Rocket)
Displacement1,175 long tons (1,194 t) loaded
Length203 ft 6 in (62.03 m)
Beam34 ft 6 in (10.52 m)
Draft7 ft 9 in (2.36 m)
PropulsionGM Cleveland diesel engines, 2,800 shp (2,088 kW), direct drive, two screws
Speed13knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
Range5,000 nmi (9,300 km) at 7 kn (13 km/h; 8.1 mph)
Complement6 officers, 137 enlisted
Armament

Gypsy-class salvage lifting vessels

[edit]
USS Gypsy (ARS(D)-1), lead ship of the Gypsy class, underway at Houston, TX, in 1946
USS Gypsy (ARS(D)-1) underway at Houston, Texas, in 1946
General characteristics
Class & typeGypsy-class salvage lifting vessels
Displacement816 long tons (829 t)
Length224 ft 9 in (68.50 m)
Beam34 ft 10 in (10.62 m)
Draft8 ft 4 in (2.54 m)
PropulsionFairbanks-Morse diesel engines, 1,440 shp (1,074 kW), direct drive, two screws
Speed13knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
Range4,900 nmi (9,100 km) at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Complement65 officers and enlisted
Armament2 ×20 mm AA guns

Production

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Dates are launch dates.[5]

Delivery:[5]

  • Q2 1944: 74
  • Q3 1944: 129
  • Q4 1944: 132
  • Q1 1945: 111
  • Q2 1945: 58
  • Q3 1945: 30
  • Q4 1945: 15
  • 1946: 9

Legacy

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One LSM,USS LSM-45, survived in its original configuration until around 2010. It was in storage at Marine StationCamp Lejeune inJacksonville, North Carolina. It was slated to become the centerpiece of the Museum of the Marine, but due to changed plans, wasscrapped between 2010 and 2014.[citation needed]

Light Amphibious Warship (LAW)

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As of February 2023 the US Marine Corps has proposed the purchase of 18 to 35 modern LSMs; this LSM concept was previously known as the Light Amphibious Warship (LAW).[6][7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Acquisition Costs of the Navy's Medium Landing Ship".Congressional Budget Office. 11 April 2024.
  2. ^"Navy launches LSM contract competition".InsideDefense.com.
  3. ^Eckstein, Megan (5 October 2022)."Marines, Navy near agreement on light amphibious warship features".Defense News.
  4. ^"Meet the Fleet – USNSLSM-335".Sealift Magazine. Vol. 14, no. 8. Washington, D.C.: Military Sea Transportation Service. August 1964. p. 24. Retrieved29 December 2020.
  5. ^ab"Landing Ships, Medium - LSM, LSM(R), LSV".Shipbuilding History. 6 January 2018.
  6. ^Shelbourne, Mallory (February 2023)."Marine Corps Requirements Call for 9 Light Amphibious Ships per Regiment".USNI News. United States Naval Institute.
  7. ^Grady, John (February 2023)."SECNAV Del Toro 'Excited' About New Landing Ship Mediums".USNI News. United States Naval Institute.

External links

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