Landeck | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location of Landeck within Tyrol | |
  Landeck Location within Austria Show map of Tyrol, Austria Landeck Landeck (Austria) Show map of Austria | |
| Coordinates:47°08′00″N10°34′00″E / 47.13333°N 10.56667°E /47.13333; 10.56667 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Tyrol |
| District | Landeck |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Wolfgang Jörg (ÖVP) |
| Area | |
• Total | 15.87 km2 (6.13 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 816 m (2,677 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01)[2] | |
• Total | 7,725 |
| • Density | 486.8/km2 (1,261/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 6500 |
| Area code | 05442 |
| Vehicle registration | LA |
| Website | www.landeck.tirol.gv.at |
Landeck (German pronunciation:[ˈlandɛk]ⓘ) is acity in theAustrian state ofTyrol, the capital of the district ofLandeck.
Landeck is located in theTyrolean Oberland in the west of the state at an elevation of about 820 m (2,690 ft). The town is situated in the valley of theInn River at the confluence with theSanna tributary, between theLechtal Alps, part of theNorthern Limestone Alps in the north, and theÖtztal Alps andSamnaun Alps ranges of theCentral Eastern Alps in the south.
The Inn valley is an important transport route from Tyrol to the west across theArlberg massif. In the south, theReschen Pass at themain chain of the Alps leads to theVinschgau region in ItalianSouth Tyrol.
| Climate data for Landeck (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) | 18.9 (66.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 27.0 (80.6) | 31.6 (88.9) | 33.5 (92.3) | 37.2 (99.0) | 35.8 (96.4) | 31.4 (88.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 20.4 (68.7) | 16.5 (61.7) | 37.2 (99.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) | 6.0 (42.8) | 11.0 (51.8) | 14.5 (58.1) | 19.8 (67.6) | 22.3 (72.1) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.1 (75.4) | 20.4 (68.7) | 15.2 (59.4) | 7.1 (44.8) | 2.7 (36.9) | 14.2 (57.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) | 0.3 (32.5) | 4.2 (39.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 12.7 (54.9) | 15.3 (59.5) | 17.4 (63.3) | 16.8 (62.2) | 13.2 (55.8) | 8.5 (47.3) | 2.5 (36.5) | −0.6 (30.9) | 8.0 (46.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) | −3.3 (26.1) | −0.1 (31.8) | 2.7 (36.9) | 7.1 (44.8) | 9.8 (49.6) | 11.8 (53.2) | 11.8 (53.2) | 8.8 (47.8) | 4.6 (40.3) | −0.4 (31.3) | −3.1 (26.4) | 3.8 (38.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.5 (−4.9) | −17.1 (1.2) | −17.0 (1.4) | −6.0 (21.2) | −3.6 (25.5) | 0.5 (32.9) | 4.0 (39.2) | 3.4 (38.1) | −1.4 (29.5) | −5.5 (22.1) | −14.5 (5.9) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −20.5 (−4.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 43.5 (1.71) | 44.3 (1.74) | 43.1 (1.70) | 37.0 (1.46) | 59.3 (2.33) | 94.8 (3.73) | 106.0 (4.17) | 107.1 (4.22) | 67.3 (2.65) | 46.4 (1.83) | 54.9 (2.16) | 49.9 (1.96) | 753.6 (29.67) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 28.5 (11.2) | 34.9 (13.7) | 12.5 (4.9) | 2.3 (0.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.1) | 12.6 (5.0) | 21.3 (8.4) | 112.4 (44.3) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.9 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 10.4 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 13.2 | 9.3 | 6.9 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 107.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 14:00) | 63.7 | 52.8 | 44.3 | 43.0 | 44.8 | 48.1 | 48.0 | 50.5 | 50.5 | 53.7 | 64.1 | 69.5 | 52.8 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 71.6 | 103.1 | 148.0 | 147.1 | 183.8 | 160.9 | 191.0 | 191.5 | 158.9 | 131.8 | 74.1 | 44.6 | 1,606.4 |
| Source:Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[3] | |||||||||||||
Inancient times, theVia Claudia Augusta ran across the Reschen Pass and through the Inn Valley Landeck, connecting the RomanItalia peninsula with theRaetia province conquered in 15 BC. Throughout theMiddle Ages the valley remained an important junction of trade routes leading toAugsburg via theFern Pass and westwards across the Arlberg. From the late 13th century onwards theMeinhardiner counts ofTyrol controlled the area from their stronghold at Landeck Castle.
Until 1867 Landeck (then spelledLandek) formed part of theHabsburg monarchy (Austrian Empire from 1804), except for a short period during the Napoleonic wars (1806-1814) when it was ceded to theKingdom of Bavaria along with the rest of Tyrol. From 1867 (following thecompromise of 1867) it formed part of theCisleithanian (Austrian) part ofAustria-Hungary; the spelling was also changed toLandeck in that year. After 1893 the name was officially changed again toLandeck in Tirol. Throughout these periods it was the capital of the district of the same name, one of the 21Bezirkshauptmannschaften in theTyrol province.[4]
From 1782 a firstpass road was built across the Arlberg at the behest of EmperorJoseph II; it was significantly enlarged until 1824. Landeck received access to the Arlberg railway in 1883. In 1904 it was elevated to the status of amarket town, and finally was grantedtown privileges in 1923.
Landeck was also used as a military base for Austrian mountain troops before the second world war, later, they became a unit of the German Wehrmacht.
During the AustrianAnschluss toNazi Germany, Landeck was merged with neighboringZams in 1939; however, both municipalities again split afterWorld War II. Landeck was also the site of aUNRRAdisplaced person camp in the French sector ofAllied-occupied Austria.[5]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1869 | 1,398 | — |
| 1880 | 1,537 | +9.9% |
| 1890 | 1,944 | +26.5% |
| 1900 | 2,227 | +14.6% |
| 1910 | 3,569 | +60.3% |
| 1923 | 4,106 | +15.0% |
| 1934 | 4,113 | +0.2% |
| 1939 | 5,542 | +34.7% |
| 1951 | 5,615 | +1.3% |
| 1961 | 6,514 | +16.0% |
| 1971 | 7,475 | +14.8% |
| 1981 | 7,317 | −2.1% |
| 1991 | 7,411 | +1.3% |
| 2001 | 7,632 | +3.0% |
| 2011 | 7,713 | +1.1% |
Landeck-Zams station is an important hub for regional coach lines as well as a noteworthy stop for international trains on theArlberg railway from the Tyrolean capitalInnsbruck via theArlberg Railway Tunnel toBludenz inVorarlberg. Landeck is also the terminus of the parallelInn Valley Autobahn, which continues asS 16 Schnellstraße to theArlberg Road Tunnel in the west.
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