TheLand Acts (officiallyLand Law (Ireland) Acts)[1] were a series of measures to deal with the question of tenancy contracts and peasant proprietorship of land in Ireland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Five such acts were introduced by the government of theUnited Kingdom between 1870 and 1909. Further acts were introduced by the governments of theIrish Free State after 1922 and more acts were passed for Northern Ireland.
The success of the Land Acts in reducing theconcentration of land ownership is indicated by the fact that in 1870, only 3% of Irish farmers owned their own land while 97% were tenants. By 1929, this ratio had been reversed with 97.4% of farmers holding their farms in freehold.[2] However, asMichael Davitt and otherGeorgists had foreseen, peasant proprietorship did not end hardship in the Irish countryside. Emigration and economic disadvantage continued[3] while the greatest beneficiaries of land reform were the middle class of medium farmers.[2]
The British Prime Minister,William Ewart Gladstone, had taken up the "Irish question" in an effort to win thegeneral election of 1868 by uniting theLiberal Party behind this single issue. The shock ofFenian violence, especially in England, as well as the growing awareness of the potency of strong nationalist feelings in pan-European politics, was a second reason to tackle the Irish question. Gladstone desired to bring peace with fairness to Ireland, and by extension, the rest of the UK, which was then at the zenith of worldwide Imperial power. TheLandlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 46) was partly the work ofChichester Fortescue,John Bright and Gladstone.[4] The Irish situation was favourable, with agriculture improving and pressure on the land decreasing since theGreat Irish Famine. TheEncumbered Estates' Court (1849) and agitation by theTenant Right League had led to the sale of estates by debt-ridden mainlyabsentee landlords. Gladstone's Liberal government had no explicit mandate for the Act, unlike theIrish Church Act 1869, and so could expect some opposition from the English landlord class in theHouse of Lords, fearful for the implications of property rights in England, many of whom wereWhigs that Gladstone relied on for support in Parliament. Partly for this reason, Gladstone's approach was cautious, even conservative, for he was dedicated to maintaining the landlord class whose "social and moral influence", he said in 1863, was "absolutely essential to the welfare of the country."[5] Furthermore, Gladstone met resistance from Whigs in his Cabinet itself, especiallyRobert Lowe, and the resulting compromise measure was so weak that it had little difficulty in passing both Houses of Parliament, with one significant amendment. As well as the Land Act, the Liberal government also passed theIrish Church Act 1869 and put forward theIrish University Bill that failed to pass bothHouses of Parliament.
Policymakers made much use of the statistical data recently collated inGriffith's Valuation (1853–68).
To prevent eviction by rack-renting, and so avoiding paying compensation to tenants, the Bill said that rents must not be "excessive", leaving this for the courts to define. But the House of Lords in a wrecking amendment substituted "exorbitant" in its place. This enabled landlords to raise rents above what tenants could pay, and then to evict them for non-payment without giving any compensation.
However well-intentioned, the Act was at best irrelevant, at worst counter-productive. Fewer than 1,000 tenants took up the Bright Clauses, since the terms were beyond most tenants and many landlords did not wish to sell. Many substantial leasehold farmers, who had led the campaign for land reform, were excluded from the Act because their leases were longer than 31 years. Legal disputes over customary rights and "exorbitant" rents actually worsened landlord-tenant relations. Figures do not indicate any impact of the Act on the rate of eviction, which was anyway at a low level. In the late 1870s when depression struck, evictions for non-payment of rent mounted, tenants had no protection, and in reply 'outrages' and the campaign by theLand League, led byMichael Davitt, became known as theLand War. The government had to pass aCoercion Act as early as 1881 (theProtection of Persons and Property (Ireland) Act 1881) because of the increase in violence in Ireland; it lost support to theHome Rule Movement, which won nine out of 14 Irishby-elections between 1870 and 1874, mainly formerly Liberal-held seats.
Friedrich Engels, a contemporary observer, professed not to know "what the Tories could have against this Bill, which is so indulgent with the Irish landlords and finally places their interests in the tested hands of the Irish lawyers". He thought it "very amusing if the brave Gladstone thinks he has settled the Irish question by means of this new prospect of endless lawsuits".[6] The legislation, however, "had a symbolic significance far beyond its immediate effects."[7] The Land Act turned the tide oflaissez faire legislation favouring capitalist landlordism, and in principle, if not in practice, was a defeat for the concept of the absolute right of property. For the first time in Ireland tenants now had a legal interest in their holdings.
The "Report of her Majesty's Commissioners of Enquiry into the working of theLandlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 46) and the acts amending the same", under the chairmanship of the6th Earl of Bessborough and hence commonly known as the "Bessborough Commission Report," was published in 1881 after lengthy hearings in 1880. It reported that the 1870 act gave the tenant no real protection because compensation for improvements could be claimed only on giving up the lease and because tenants saw themselves as forced to accept rent increases to avoid sacrificing what they had put into their holdings. It declared, "Freedom of contract, in the case of the majority of Irish tenants, large and small, does not really exist". By a majority of four-to-one (Arthur MacMorrough Kavanagh dissenting) the commissioners declared in favour of the "Three Fs" as demanded by the Land League: fair rent, free sale, and fixity of tenure.[8]
From 1873 to 1896, farmers in Britain and Ireland suffered the "Long Depression" with its lower prices. Grain from America was cheaper and better, and was exported to Europe in ever-increasing amounts. Meat could be sent in refrigerated ships from as far as New Zealand and Argentina. For many tenant farmers in Ireland this meant lower net incomes with which to pay the rents they had agreed. This impacted most on the poorer, wetter western parts of the island that also suffered from the1879 famine. This provided the context and arguments for further legal reforms.
TheLand Law (Ireland) Act 1881 (44 & 45 Vict. c. 49) gave tenants real security, though by this time the Irish were demanding proprietorship. The Act established the principle of dual ownership by landlord and tenant, gave legal status to the Custom of Ulster throughout the country, provided for compensation for improvements and created theIrish Land Commission and aLand Court. In Gladstone's words, the intention of the act was to makelandlordism impossible.[9] However, it was a complicated piece of legislation though it did provide for land purchase, three-quarters of the money to be advanced by the Land Commission, and to be repaid over 35 years at 5% interest. Under the Act, 731 tenants became proprietors.[10] More important was the fact that tenants had the right to take their rents to the Land Court for reduction under the fair rent clause, where in most cases a reduction of between 15% and 20% was awarded.[11]
Despite a short-term reduction of rents (by about 20% by 1882) this act can generally be seen as economically ineffective. Instead of cutting costs or increasing productivity, Irish farmers increasingly turned to the Irish land courts to cut their rents and jack up their dwindling incomes. The land purchase element can be described as counterproductive because the conditions tenants now enjoyed under this Act gave them no incentive to buy, furthermore, some economic historians dispute the effectiveness of land purchase as a solution to the Irish land problem. Land purchase significantly reduced the amount of capital in Ireland that could have been invested to improve efficiency and competitiveness of Irish farms. Therefore, some headway is made towards lower rents but this is at the cost of lower rates of productivity growth in Irish farming.[citation needed]
| Arrears of Rent (Ireland) Act 1882 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
.svg) | |
| Long title | An Act to make provision respecting certain Arrears of Rent in Ireland. |
| Citation | 45 & 46 Vict. c. 47 |
| Territorial extent | Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 18 August 1882 |
TheArrears of Rent (Ireland) Act 1882 (45 & 46 Vict. c. 47) was the result of theNo Rent Manifesto and the subsequentKilmainham Treaty made between Parnell and Gladstone by which the Land Commission was empowered to cancel arrears of less than thirty pounds due by tenants. Two million pounds in arrears were estimated to have been written off.[12]
The act was further amended byArthur Balfour: theLand Law (Ireland) Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 33) extended the terms of the act to leaseholders.[13]
The flawed economics that lay behind these acts exposes a political aim on Gladstone's part, to destroy theraison d'être of the Land League (following the recentLand War). Although the second Land Act ushered in a period of tentative calm, it became clear further reforms were necessary.
The act undermined the Land League by granting fair-rent control, fixity of tenure on leases, and freedom of sale: all to be overseen by the new government-sponsored Irish Land Commission. The 1881 act involved state participation in the redistribution of land-ownership. Because of attacks on landlords, the police and witnesses, theProtection of Persons and Property (Ireland) Act 1881 was passed, which added to the atmosphere of distrust of the authorities. An overview of the land war, the reforms and the effect of the Coercion Act was published in 1888 by the journalist WH Hurlbert, an Irish-American Catholic.[14]
A symbolic significance of these land acts are how far Gladstone had come from his starting point. Judicial control of rent levels and the establishment of many land courts was a change from Gladstone's policy of 'retrenchment' and his commitment to free markets.
An added consequence of the land acts was the gradual displacement of theProtestant Ascendancy during the latter 19th and early 20th centuries accompanied by thedisestablishment of theChurch of Ireland by theIrish Church Act 1869. Some "Ascendancy" land-owning families like theMarquess of Headfort and theEarl of Granard had by then converted to Catholicism, and a considerable number ofProtestant Nationalists had already taken their part in Irish history. A survey of the 4,000 largest landlords in 1872 revealed that already 43% were Roman Catholics, 48% were Church of Ireland, 7% were Presbyterians, and 2% unknown.[15] The term "Protestant Ascendancy" was used from 1879 to 1890 in the Land War and thePlan of Campaign as an emotional term in what was an economic dispute. Religious affiliation was used as a factor as 55% of the largest estates were held by Protestants or Presbyterians in a country overwhelmingly Catholic. However, the "war" applied to landlords of all religions and none.
The pace for land law reforms quickened after theRepresentation of the People Act 1884, which gave a much greater number of votes to the Irish rural electorate.
Continuedland agitations throughout the 1880s and 1890s culminated firstly with the passing of thePurchase of Land (Ireland) Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c. 73), named the "Ashbourne Act" forLord Ashbourne, putting limited tenant land purchase in motion. The Act allowed a tenant to borrow the full amount of the purchase price, to be repaid at 4% over 49 years. Five million pounds sterling were made available, and about 25,400 tenants purchased their holdings during the period up to 1888, many in Ulster. In all 942,600 acres (3,815 km2) were purchased, which made an average holding of 37 acres (150,000 m2). The purchase price was equal to 17½ years rental.
| Land Law (Ireland) Act 1888 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to amend Section One of the Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1887, in regard to Leaseholders. |
| Citation | 51 & 52 Vict. c. 13 |
| Territorial extent | Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 28 June 1888 |
The act was amended by theLand Law (Ireland) Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 13), providing a further five million to the amount granted for purchase under the Ashbourne Act.[16]
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to amend the Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881, and the Purchase of Land (Ireland) Act, 1885, and for other purposes connected therewith. |
|---|---|
| Citation | 50 & 51 Vict. c. 33 |
| Territorial extent | Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 23 August 1887 |
TheLand Law (Ireland) Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 33) wasArthur Balfour's major Land Act, which came at the end of the 'Plan of Campaign' agitation. It provided £33,000,000 sterling for land purchase, but contained many complicated legal clauses, so that it was not put fully into effect until amended five years later. At this point only £13,500,000 had been employed. It substituted peasant proprietorship for dual ownership as the principle of land tenure. At the same time Balfour created theCongested Districts Board to deal with distress in the backward areas of the west of Ireland.
| Land Law (Ireland) Act 1896 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to further amend the Law relating to the Occupation and Ownership of Land in Ireland, and for other purposes relating thereto. |
| Citation | 59 & 60 Vict. c. 47 |
| Territorial extent | Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 14 August 1896 |
The act was amended by theLand Law (Ireland) Act 1896 (59 & 60 Vict. c. 47), increasing the amount available for purchase and removing the clauses which had made the act unattractive. The Land Courts were empowered to sell 1,500 bankrupt estates to tenants. A total of 47,000 holdings were bought out between 1891 and 1896.[17]
Local government was introduced two years later under the revolutionaryLocal Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which in turn contributed to the success of theUnited Irish League (UIL) in the1900 general election, laying the foundation for a lasting solution in the land question.
| Act of Parliament | |
.svg) | |
| Long title | An Act to amend the Law relating to the occupation and ownership of Land in Ireland and for other purposes relating thereto, and to amend the Labourers (Ireland) Acts. |
|---|---|
| Citation | 3 Edw. 7. c. 37 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 14 August 1903 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Text of the Irish Land Act 1903 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, fromlegislation.gov.uk. | |
Under pressure from both government, UIL and IPP, theChief Secretary for Ireland,George Wyndham, gave his backing to aLand Conference in December 1902, comprising four moderate landlord representatives led byLord Dunraven and four tenant representatives led byWilliam O'Brien, the othersJohn Redmond,T. W. Russell (who spoke for Ulster tenant-farmers) andTimothy Harrington. They worked out a new scheme for tenant land purchase, in which sale was to be made not compulsory, but attractive to both parties, based on the government paying the difference between the price offered by tenants and that demanded by landlords. This was the basis of the "Wyndham Act" – theIrish Land Act 1903 (3 Edw. 7. c. 37) orLand Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 – which O'Brien orchestrated through Parliament.[18][19]
| Irish Land Act 1909 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to amend the Law relating to the Occupation and Ownership of Land in Ireland, and for other purposes relating thereto. |
| Citation | 9 Edw. 7. c. 42 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 3 December 1909 |
It differed from earlier legislation which initially advanced to tenants the sum necessary to purchase their holdings, repayable over a period of years on terms determined by an independent commission, while the Wyndham Act finished offabsentee landlords' control over tenants and made it easier for tenants to purchase land, facilitating the transfer of about 9 million acres (36,000 km2) up to 1914. By then 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords under the Irish Land Act 1903 and the laterIrish Land Act 1909 (9 Edw. 7. c. 42) ofAugustine Birrell, which extended the Irish Land Act 1903 by allowing for thecompulsory purchase of tenanted farmland by the Land Commission, but fell far short in its financial provisions. In all, under these pre-1921 Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 11.5 million acres (47,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country.[20][21]
The acts provided Irish tenant farmers with more rights than tenant farmers in the rest of the United Kingdom.Munster tenants availed of land purchase in exceptionally high numbers, encouraged by theirIrish Land and Labour Association's leaderD. D. Sheehan after he and O'Brien established an Advisory Committee to mediate between landlords and tenants on purchase terms which produced a higher take-up of land purchase than in any other province.[22]
HistorianR. K. Webb gives most of the credit for the Wyndham Act to Conservative leader Arthur Balfour. He says the act was:
A complete success. By the time the Irish Free State was created in 1922, the system of peasant proprietorship had become universal... A land problem more than a century old had been solved, though it had taken more than 30 years of educating Parliament and landlords to do it. The scheme was intended as well to "kill Home Rule by kindness".[23]
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to amend the Law relating to Labourers in Ireland and to make provision with respect to the application of portion of the Ireland Development Grant. |
|---|---|
| Citation | 6 Edw. 7. c. 37 |
| Territorial extent | Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 4 August 1906 |
| Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to amend the Law relating to Labourers in Ireland. |
| Citation | 1 & 2 Geo. 5. c. 19 |
| Territorial extent | Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 18 August 1911 |
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| Labourers (Ireland) Act 1919 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to amend the definition of Agricultural Labourer for the purposes of the Labourers (Ireland) Acts. |
| Citation | 9 & 10 Geo. 5. c. 55 |
| Territorial extent | Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 19 August 1919 |
Having largely settled the Irish land question, William O'Brien, convinced by the success of combining the "doctrine of conciliation" with "conference plus business", turned his attention in a Second Phase to the Irish Land and Labour Association's demands for the need to settle Irish labourers in the soil. His parliamentary engagement achieved the successful enactment of the unprecedentedLabourers (Ireland) Act 1906 (6 Edw. 7. c. 37) (initiated byJames Bryce), followed by theLabourers (Ireland) Act 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5. c. 19) (initiated byAugustine Birrell).
To provide small parcels of land for people to grow their own vegetables and fruits, Parliament passed theLocal Government (Allotments and Land Cultivation) (Ireland) Act 1917.
Finally theLabourers (Ireland) Act 1919 (9 & 10 Geo. 5. c. 55), which all together made provisions for a programme of large scale state-funded rural social housing, in which over 40,000 labourer-owned cottages were erected on 1 acre (4,000 m2) of land by local County Councils.
The Acts housed, at low annual annuities, over a quarter of a million rural labourers and their families, previously living in hovels, which thereby transformed the Irish countryside.[24]
| Local Government (Allotments and Land Cultivation) (Ireland) Act 1917 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to enable Local Authorities in Ireland to provide allotments and otherwise promote the cultivation of land, and for other purposes incidental thereto. |
| Citation | 7 & 8 Geo. 5. c. 30 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 2 August 1917 |
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to facilitate the provision of land in Ireland for men who have served in the Naval, Military, or Air Forces of the Crown in the present war, and for other purposes incidental thereto. |
|---|---|
| Citation | 9 & 10 Geo. 5. c. 82 |
| Territorial extent | Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 23 December 1919 |
Following theGreat War, a further 5,000 houses were built in both parts of Ireland forreturning soldiers, under theIrish Land (Provision for Sailors and Soldiers) Act 1919 (9 & 10 Geo. 5. c. 82) which was defined as "An Act to facilitate the provision of land in Ireland for men who have served in the Naval, Military, or Air Forces of the Crown in the present War, and for other purposes incidental thereto", and, "so far as it relates to the provision of holdings under the Land Purchase Acts, shall be construed as one with those Acts, and, so far as it relates to the provision of cottages, plots, or gardens under the Labourers (Ireland) Acts, 1883 to 1919, shall be construed as one with the last-mentioned Acts."[25] It was effected by the Irish Soldiers' and Sailors' Land Trust, which co-operated with the newIrish Free State, mostly building small new housing estates for veterans at the edge of towns.[26] The object of the Act was to facilitate the reinstatement in civil-life of ex-servicemen and their dependents with the provision of £800,000 sterling for housing accommodation by the Local Government Board.
On the formation of theIrish Free State in 1922, the commission was reconstituted by theLand Law (Commission) Act 1923,[27] which also dissolved theCongested Districts Board. TheLand Act 1923 adopted many proposals for a final land settlement from decisions reached during theIrish Convention in 1918 under the chairmanship ofHorace Plunkett. The convention's proposals formed the basis of the Act.[28]
The Land Commission had bought up 13 million acres (53,000 km2) of farmland between 1885 and 1920 where thefreehold was assigned under mortgage to tenant farmers and farm workers. The focus had been on the compulsory purchase of untenanted estates so that they could be divided into smaller units for local families, some of which proved to be "uneconomic"; this policy was applied unevenly across the country, with some large estates surviving if the owners could show that their land was being actively farmed. Provision was made for compulsory purchase of land owned by a non-Irish person until repealed in 1966.
From 1923, the amounts outstanding under earlier acts were paid to the British government as "land annuities", accruing in a Land Purchase Fund. This was fixed at £250,000 annually in 1925. In December 1925,W. T. Cosgrave lamented that there were already: "250,000 occupiers of uneconomic holdings, the holdings of such a valuation as did not permit of a decent livelihood for the owners".[29] Despite this, his government continued to subdivide larger landholdings, primarily to gain electoral support.
TheLand Act 1933, passed on a vote of 70–39, allowed the Minister for Finance to divert the annuities for local government projects.[30] This was a factor in theAnglo-Irish Trade War between 1932 and 1938, and was mutually resolved by a one-off payment of £10 million to Britain in 1938. From 1932 the government argued strongly that Irish farmers should no longer be obliged forhistoric reasons to pay Britain for Irish land, but when Britain had passed out of the payment system it illogically still required farmers to continue to pay their annuities to the Irish government as before.
TheLand Act 1965 was designed to stop speculative purchases of land by non-Irish persons. TheSuccession Act 1965 treated real estate owned by a deceased person aspersonalty for the first time.[31]
The commission ceased acquiring land in 1983; this signified the start of the end of the commission's reform of Irish land ownership, though freehold transfers of farmland still had to be signed off by the commission into the 1990s. The commission was dissolved on 31 March 1999, by theIrish Land Commission (Dissolution) Act 1992, and most of the remaining liabilities and assets were transferred to theMinister for Agriculture and Food.[32] Many relevant historical records are held by theNational Archives of Ireland.
A "ground rent" is a nominal annual rent paid where a property is held under a long lease. Legislation has reformed ground rents alongside the agricultural land laws (see above). While most tenancy reform legislation was enacted for agricultural land, urban and suburban occupiers / tenants have been allowed to "buy out" their ground rents from landlords, and so effectively can change a long lease into afreehold interest, most recently under Acts of 1978[33] and 2005.[34] Notably, ground rents inCastlebar,County Mayo have been withheld following the disappearance ofLord Lucan in 1974.[35][failed verification]
Paying ground rents is still considered by some to be an unresolved part of Ireland's history as a part of the United Kingdom; the Irish Government itself pays ground rents for iconic public buildings, includingGovernment Buildings, theFour Courts,Dublin Castle and theBotanic Gardens. While the individual cost of each is relatively small, given inflation, an estimated 250,000 ground rents still exist in Ireland, with the state annually paying for example to theDuke of Leinster for some buildings. Brian Hayes, Minister of State for theOffice of Public Works in 2011, stated that a referendum would be required to put the practice to an end. Residents of Hayes' own constituency continue to be issued demands for payment, with many ignoring them, though given that outstanding liabilities of ground rent hinder residents' ability to sell their homes, about 1,600 applications per annum are made to buy out ground rents every year.[36]
The Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 comprehensively reformed the law of conveyancing, mortgages, registration of and claims to title,rights of way andeasements in the Ireland. Some little-used interests relating tofeudal tenure,life interests, leases for lives andfee tails were formally abolished.[37][38]
| Northern Ireland Land Act 1925 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to amend the Law relating to the Occupation and Ownership of Land in Northern Ireland; and for other purposes relating thereto. |
| Citation | 15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 34 |
| Territorial extent | Northern Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 28 May 1925 |
Status: Amended | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Text of the Northern Ireland Land Act 1925 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, fromlegislation.gov.uk. | |
| Northern Ireland Land Act 1929 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to amend the Northern Ireland Land Act, 1925. |
| Citation | 19 & 20 Geo. 5. c. 14 |
| Territorial extent | Northern Ireland |
Status: Amended | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Text of the Northern Ireland Land Act 1929 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, fromlegislation.gov.uk. | |
| Northern Ireland Land Purchase (Winding Up) Act 1935 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act to make provision for the winding up of the system of land purchase in Northern Ireland established by the Land Purchase Acts and other enactments in that behalf, for the abolition of the Land Purchase Commission, Northern Ireland, and the transfer of functions exercisable under the said Acts and other enactments, and for purposes incidental to the purposes aforesaid and consequential thereon. |
| Citation | 25 & 26 Geo. 5. c. 21 |
| Territorial extent | Northern Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 6 June 1935 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amends | amended |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Text of the Northern Ireland Land Purchase (Winding Up) Act 1935 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, fromlegislation.gov.uk. | |
TheUK Parliament atWestminster passed further Land Acts for Northern Ireland after thePartition of Ireland, such as theNorthern Ireland Land Act 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 34), theNorthern Ireland Land Act 1929 (19 & 20 Geo. 5. c. 14) and theNorthern Ireland Land Purchase (Winding Up) Act 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5. c. 21).
| Land Registration Act (Northern Ireland) 1970 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
.svg) | |
| Long title | An Act to revise the law relating to the registration of the title to land; to extend the compulsory registration of the title to land; to repeal and re-enact with certain amendments the law relating to the registration of statutory charges; and for matters connected therewith. |
| Citation | 1970 c. 18 (N.I.) |
| Territorial extent | Northern Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 23 June 1970 |
| Text of the Land Registration Act (Northern Ireland) 1970 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, fromlegislation.gov.uk. | |
TheParliament of Northern Ireland passed theLand Registration Act (Northern Ireland) 1970 (c. 18 (N.I.)).