| Lancia Prisma | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Lancia |
| Production | 1982–1989 |
| Assembly | Italy:Chivasso,Piedmont (Chivasso plant)[1][2] |
| Designer | Giorgetto Giugiaro atItaldesign |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Small family car (C) |
| Body style | 4-doorsaloon |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive |
| Related | Lancia Delta |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |
|
| Transmission | |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,475 mm (97.4 in) |
| Length | 4,180 mm (164.6 in) |
| Width | 1,620 mm (63.8 in) |
| Height | 1,385 mm (54.5 in) |
| Kerb weight | 950–1,050 kg (2,094.4–2,314.9 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Lancia Fulvia Lancia Beta Lancia Trevi |
| Successor | Lancia Dedra |
TheLancia Prisma (Tipo 831) is asmall family car built byItalian car manufacturerLancia between 1982 and 1989. It was asaloon version of the first generationLancia Deltahatchback, and like the Delta it was designed byGiorgetto Giugiaro. Like the Delta it was also available as a 4x4 integrale version, although with a non-turbocharged engine and an air-locking rear differential.
The Lancia Prisma was a four-door, five-seatsaloon withsteelunibody construction, front-transverse mounted engines in block with thetransaxle and all-independent suspension. Suspension consisted ofMacPherson struts with offsettelescopic dampers andcoil springs, andanti-roll bars on both axles. The front struts were located by astamped steelcontrol arm and oneradius rod; the rear by two parallel transverse links (the rearmost one adjustable fortoe regulation) attached to acrossmember and onetrailing link.
The task of transforming the Delta into a saloon car was given to its original designerGiorgetto Giugiaro, who worked on the car between 1979 and 1980.[3] The two cars share platform (including the 2475 mm wheelbase), drivetrains, doors and windscreen. The Prisma became the most popular Lancia nearly immediately; with a daily production of 250 a cumulative production of 100,000 was reached in 1984.[4]
The Prisma was launched in late December 1982[2] and went on sale in Italy in early January 1983,[5] while its European première was held at that yearGeneva Motor Show. The initial range was composed of five models, equivalent to that the freshly revised 1982 Delta.Prisma 1300 was powered by a 1301 cc 78 PS engine mated to a 5-speed gearbox; a 1498 cc 85 PS engine was available with the same gearbox onPrisma 1500, or with Lancia's ownVerrone-built 3-speedautomatic transmission on thePrisma 1500 automatica. At the top of the range there wasPrisma 1600, mounting the 1585 cc 105 PS twin-cam engine from the Delta 1600 GT, withMarelli Digiplex ignition. Similarly to the Delta GT, the Prisma 1600 was also equipped with fourdisc brakes, a 5-speed gearbox with dedicated ratios and lower profile tyres on wider wheels; it also boasted the amplest standard equipment,Zegna-designed chequerboard woolcloth upholstery and some exclusive options, such asair conditioning.
June 1984 marked the introduction of theLancia Prisma diesel, the marque's first modern diesel-engined passenger car.[6] The diesel was imperative, as more than a third of Italian sales in the Prisma's class were of diesel-powered cars.[4] Itsnaturally aspirated 1929 ccSOHCfour-cylinder had anironblock,aluminiumhead andindirect injection; it put out 65 PS. The engine had been developed byFiat, and was also installed in theFiat Regata DS—although the Fiat lacked some of Lancia'sNVH-improving solutions.[7] The diesel engine was light, only weighing 11 kg (24 lb) more than the 1.6-liter petrol unit.[4] All Diesel Prismas sported a sightly domed hood, needed to clear the taller engine. Some updates were introduced with the diesel, including optional hydraulicpower steering, redesigned seats, new striped cloth upholstery and a four-spoke steering wheel.
About a year later, in May 1985, the Prisma turbo diesel was added to the range.[8] The 1.9-litre engine from the Prisma diesel received aKKK turbocharger withwastegate valve, anintercooler and anoil cooler; its gearbox was the sameZF 5-speed unit used on theDelta HF turbo.[9] Power was 80 PS and torque 172 N⋅m (17.5 kg⋅m). The turbo diesel Prisma adopted disk brakes, wheels and tyres from the top-of-the-range 1600 as well as similarly rich equipment, and added standard power steering.
A major mid-cycle refresh débuted at the April 1986Turin Motor Show.[10] Changes were made to the exterior and interior of the car. Outside there were more modern, enveloping bumpers—the front one with provisions for integratedfog lights; the redesigned grille andbonnet bore a family resemblance to the flagshipThema. Also new were the ventilation grille on the C-pillar and full-wheelhubcaps. Inside new seats, new instrumentation andair conditioning system.The 1986 range included seven models, two of them all-new: 1.3, 1.5, 1.5 Automatica, 1.6, 1.6 i.e., 4WD, diesel and turbo ds.[10] 1.3 and 1.5 models had revised intake and exhaust system, fuel cut-off, a new carburettor and breakerlessignition. The diesel versions had also received some minor engine updates, and the turbo diesel had been renamedturbo ds.The newPrisma 1.6 i.e. used a version of the 1585 cc twin-cam engine equipped withWeber-Marelli IAW integrated electronic ignition andfuel injection system, developing 108 PS.[10] In comparison to the carburetted Prisma 1600—which remained on sale as Prisma 1.6—further changes had been made: thecylinder head had been rotated 180°, bringing the exhaust side to the front for better cooling, and the whole engine was canted forward 18° to lower itscentre of gravity. The new Prisma 1.6 i.e. could easily reach over 200 km/h.
The other new arrival was thePrisma 4WD, featuring a two-litre fuel injected engine and Lancia's three differential permanentfour wheel drive. Derived from the flagship Thema, the 1995 cc, twin-cam 8-valve engine featured two counter rotatingbalance shafts and IAW fuel injection; it developed 115 PS (85 kW) and 163 N⋅m (120 lbf⋅ft). The 4WD package was completed by four disk brakes from the 1.6, power steering and wide, low profile 185/60 tyres on 14-inch 8-spoke alloy wheels. Minor details set the 4WD apart from other Prismas: outside a "4WD" script on the right half of the grille and on the new side skirts, inside it sported the instrument panel from the Delta HF 4WD with six round gauges, yellow scales and hands.
In June 1987 the 4WD was updated and rechristenedPrisma integrale;[11] it came with standard two-tone paintwork in a choice of three tone on tone combinations, a matchingAlcantara interior, and a drop in price from the 4WD — at least in the home market[11][12] where prices were cut by 10 percent.[13]
The last update for the Prisma was the introduction of the eighth model in the range, the upmarketPrisma 1.5 LX, in March 1988.[14] The LX trim added metallic paint, checked cloth interior with beige carpeting and convenience equipment.
Total production number of the Prisma was 386,697 cars.[15] The successor of the Prisma, theLancia Dedra, was unveiled in early 1989, with sales commencing in May; production of the Prisma ended in 1989.
Lancia's permanent four-wheel-drive system was based on threedifferentials.Anepicyclic gear train served as centre differential, splitting the torque between the front and rear axle according to a fixed predetermined ratio—56% front/44% rear on the Prisma 4WD.[16] The ring gear of the epicyclic differential meshed with the gearbox output shaft, its sun gear transmitted torque the frontopen differential, and its planet carrier, through a pair ofbevel gears and a three-piecedrive shaft, to the rear differential. AFerguson coupling controlled the centre differential, preventing excessive relative slippage of the two axles. The epicyclic differential, the Ferguson coupling and the front differential were mounted coaxially in a single transverse unit just behind the engine.In place of the complexTorsen rear differential of theDelta HF 4WD, the Prisma 4WD had a simpler "open" type one, withdifferential lock—useful at low speeds in low grip conditions—controlled by the driver via a switch on the dashboard.This difference reflected the different goals of the two systems and the destination of the two vehicles: the Delta HF was designed for sport driving, the Prisma for all-conditions safe driving.[3]
As on the Delta, theSOHC engines were derived from theFiat Ritmo, revised by Lancia engineers with aWeber twin-chokecarburettor, a newinlet manifold,exhaust system and ignition.On Fiat engines Lancia make their own aluminium heads and fuel injection systems, only some parts of Fiat can be used for restoration of Lancia i.e. engines.[citation needed]
| Model[17][18] | Production period | Displacement | Valvetrain Fuel & induction syst. | Peak power | Peak torque | Accel. 0–100 km/h(0-62 mph) | Top speed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petrol engines | |||||||
| 1300 | 1982–1986 | 1,301 cc (79.4 cu in) | SOHC 8v, twin-chokecarburetor | 78 PS (57 kW; 77 hp) at 5800 rpm | 105 N⋅m (77 lbf⋅ft) at 3400 rpm | 14.3 s | 160 km/h (99 mph) |
| 1.3 | 1986–1989 | 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) at 5800 rpm | 104 N⋅m (77 lbf⋅ft) at 3400 rpm | — | — | ||
| 1.3 | 78 PS (57 kW; 77 hp) at 5800 rpm | 105 N⋅m (77 lbf⋅ft) at 3400 rpm | 14.0 s | 163 km/h (101 mph) | |||
| 1500 | 1982–1986 | 1,498 cc (91.4 cu in) | SOHC 8v, twin-chokecarburetor | 85 PS (63 kW; 84 hp) at 5800 rpm | 126 N⋅m (93 lbf⋅ft) at 3500 rpm | 12.0 s | 165 km/h (103 mph) |
| 1500 aut. | 14.3 s | 160 km/h (99 mph) | |||||
| 1.5 | 1986–1989 | 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) at 5600 rpm | 118 N⋅m (87 lbf⋅ft) at 3000 rpm | — | — | ||
| 1.5 | 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) at 5600 rpm | 123 N⋅m (91 lbf⋅ft) at 3200 rpm | 12.1 s | 166 km/h (103 mph) | |||
| 1.5 aut. | 14.3 s | 160 km/h (99 mph) | |||||
| 1600 | 1982–1986 | 1,585 cc (96.7 cu in) | DOHC 8v, twin-chokecarburetor | 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) at 5800 rpm | 135 N⋅m (100 lbf⋅ft) at 3500 rpm | 10.2 s | 178 km/h (111 mph) |
| 1.6 | 1986–1989 | 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 5900 rpm | 126 N⋅m (93 lbf⋅ft) at 5000 rpm | 10.2 s | 178 km/h (111 mph) | ||
| 1.6 i.e. | DOHC 8v, IAW MPI | 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 6250 rpm | 124 N⋅m (91 lbf⋅ft) at 4250 rpm | — | — | ||
| 1.6 i.e. | 108 PS (79 kW; 107 hp) at 5900 rpm | 135 N⋅m (100 lbf⋅ft) at 3500 rpm | 9.5 s | 185 km/h (115 mph) | |||
| 4WD | 1986–1987 | 1,995 cc (121.7 cu in) | DOHC 8v, 2BS, IAW MPI | 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) at 5400 rpm | 163 N⋅m (120 lbf⋅ft) at 3250 rpm | 10.5 s | 184 km/h (114 mph) |
| integrale | 1987–1989 | ||||||
| Diesel engines | |||||||
| diesel | 1984–1989 | 1,929 cc (117.7 cu in) | SOHC 8v,injection pump | 65 PS (48 kW; 64 hp) at 4600 rpm | 119 N⋅m (88 lbf⋅ft) at 2000 rpm | 16.0 s | 158 km/h (98 mph) |
| turbo diesel | 1984–1986 | 1,929 cc (117.7 cu in) | SOHC 8v,injection pump, KKKturbo,intercooler | 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) at 4200 rpm | 172 N⋅m (127 lbf⋅ft) at 2400 rpm | 12.9 s | 170 km/h (106 mph) |
| turbo ds | 1986–1989 | ||||||
A marque ofStellantis | |||||||||||||
| Passenger cars |
| ||||||||||||
| Buses | |||||||||||||
| Trucks | |||||||||||||
| Vans | |||||||||||||
| Military vehicles | |||||||||||||
| Motorsport |
| ||||||||||||
| People |
| ||||||||||||
| Technologies | |||||||||||||
| Museum |
| ||||||||||||
| Buildings | |||||||||||||
| Bike | |||||||||||||
| Boat | |||||||||||||
