Lamanon | |
|---|---|
 Castle | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
 Location of Lamanon | |
  Lamanon  Lamanon | |
| Coordinates:43°42′10″N5°05′13″E / 43.7028°N 5.0869°E /43.7028; 5.0869 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur |
| Department | Bouches-du-Rhône |
| Arrondissement | Aix-en-Provence |
| Canton | Salon-de-Provence-1 |
| Intercommunality | Aix-Marseille-Provence |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2020–2026) | Christian Nervi[1] |
Area 1 | 19.19 km2 (7.41 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[2] | 2,069 |
| • Density | 107.8/km2 (279.2/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 13049 /13113 |
| Elevation | 94–326 m (308–1,070 ft) (avg. 112 m or 367 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Lamanon (French pronunciation:[lamanɔ̃]) is acommune located in theBouches-du-Rhônedepartment, part of theProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azurregion in southernFrance. Its inhabitants are calledLamanonais in French.
North of the village the archaeological site of Grottes de Calès represents a cave dwelling from prehistoric to medieval times.
The oldest known form isAlamannon, found around 1031. It changes then towardsde Lamanone (1253). This toponym could come from a German name,Alaman, together with the suffix-onem, while the initiala disappeared due to apheresis.[3]
Lamanon is pronouncedLamanoun inprovençal in theMistralian norm.
On the west side of the village stands thedéfens of Eyguières, the eastern part of thechaîne des Alpilles.Défens is a French medieval term for a lord's property used as a warren or a hunting place. Similarly, in the north-east, one finds the défens of Alleins. The Roquerousse hills are located in the south-east of the village.
During theMiocene epoch, 12 million years ago, the riverDurance did not flow into theRhône but into theMediterranean Sea. It passed nearby Lamanon before forming a large delta covering what is now theBerre lagoon and theCrau plains.[5] Therefore, Lamanon is situated in the ancient Durance valley.
The climate in theAlpilles is considered asmediterranean. Winters are mild and dry while summers are warm and dry. The hottest months are July and August when the mean temperature rises to (+29 °C) ; in December and January, the chillest months, it drops to (+3 °C).[6] The rainiest month is January with 7 days of rain on average, against 2 days in July.[6] The Alpilles area receives more precipitation than the Mediterranean seaside : 500 mm/year inCamargue against 600–700 mm/year in the Alpilles.
There have been dramatic freezes in the 19th century with theRhône turning to ice, but since then it has become very rare.
Themistral is a very powerful north/north-east wind, blowing strongly 100 days per year on average and slightly 83 days per year, which leaves only 182 days without wind per year.[7]
It is said to be two sorts of mistral: the "white mistral" clearing the sky from any cloud and the "black mistral" accompanied by rain.
Lamanon does not have a weather station, the nearest being inSalon-de-Provence.[8]
The following table shows temperatures and rains for the period 1971-2000 :
| Climate data for Salon de Provence | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 17.5 (63.5) | 22 (72) | 25.8 (78.4) | 29.4 (84.9) | 29 (84) | 25 (77) | 19.9 (67.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 11.6 (52.9) | 19.4 (66.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) | 7.2 (45.0) | 9.7 (49.5) | 12 (54) | 16.1 (61.0) | 19.8 (67.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.7 (72.9) | 19.2 (66.6) | 14.7 (58.5) | 9.6 (49.3) | 7 (45) | 13.9 (57.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) | 2 (36) | 4 (39) | 6.4 (43.5) | 10.1 (50.2) | 13.7 (56.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 16.3 (61.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 9.5 (49.1) | 4.9 (40.8) | 2.4 (36.3) | 8.4 (47.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 59 (2.3) | 47 (1.9) | 44 (1.7) | 63 (2.5) | 42 (1.7) | 31 (1.2) | 16 (0.6) | 37 (1.5) | 64 (2.5) | 98 (3.9) | 58 (2.3) | 54 (2.1) | 623.4 (24.54) |
| Source: Météo France | |||||||||||||
On the northern part of the current village, the archaeological place called Grottes de Calès features prehistoric dwelling sites. They were inhabited until the 16th century. Originally, it was anoppidum with roads connecting different villages. In the second half of the Iron Age (7th to 6th centuries BC), the population starts to settle down and to build thecastrum, with streets and buildings. The increasing commerce inMéditerranée reaches the Alpilles where they trade cereals for luxury goods. In the following centuries, the population in the Alpilles decreased drastically because of the growing attraction of the Arles trading post. At the end of the Iron Age (2nd or 1st centuries BC), many sites were repopulated.
With theRoman invasion in Provence, theoppida in the Alpilles, including Lamanon's one, were dismantled, the only remaining being places of worship, such as the Saint-Jean chapel.[9]
After the fall of theWestern Roman Empire, the area became part of theCounty of Provence. After a time of turmoil, the death of QueenJoanna I in Naples, caused a war of succession for the County of Provence. An alliance of several Provençal towns (Aix, Nice and Tarascon) supportedCharles of Durazzo, Queen Joanna I's adversary, murderer and successor, againstLouis I of Anjou, brother ofJohn II of France who was adopted by Queen Joanna in exchange of his help during the war against Charles of Durazzo. During summer 1383,Charles VI, King of France, Louis of Anjou's grandnephew, took action and mandated the Seneschal of Beaucaire, Enguerrand d'Eudin, to support Louis I in raising an army, thus conquering strongholds and villages, such as Lamanon. In 1384, Louis I of Anjou died after being crowned King of Naples (defeating Charles of Durazzo). Arles and Marseille, followed by a lot of towns, pledged allegiance to his son, Louis II of Anjou, who was only 7 years old. When his mother, Marie de Blois, Louis I's widow, arrived in Provence and asked Seneschal d'Eudin to give Lamanon up for Louis II, he refused on the name of Charles VI the King.[10]
During the French Revolution, a comité de surveillance is established in Lamanon, charged to list every foreigner in France, as strangers were suspected to be plotters. It does not manage to recruit the twelve members as needed by theConvention and among those who were recruited were peasants and illiterates. Even though, the comité declared that they were no suspect in the village, which was only populated by farmers at this time.[11]
According to the French laws, due to its size, the village has a town council of 19 members (article L2121-2 du Code général des collectivités territoriales[12]). At the last elections in 2014, Roland Darrouzès was re-elected for the sixth time with 54,87% of valid votes against Nicolas Sias, the participation rate being 72,53%.[13] A recent modification of the vote procedure forbade to strike out names on the ballot paper, which was possible until then for villages under 3500 inhabitants. This led to situation, such as in 2008, where Roland Darrouzès scored the antepenultimate place but was still elected by his list as mayor.[14]
From 1789 to 1799, the mayor was elected by direct suffrage for two years and re-eligible. The voters were the active citizens paying a tax equivalent to at least three working days in the village. To be candidate, one needed to pay taxes at least equal to ten working days.
From 1799 to 1848, the 22 frimaire an VIII constitution changed this procedure: mayors are now nominated by thepréfet for small towns under 5000 inhabitants. During the Restauration regime, local councillors are also nominated. After 1831, the mayor is then nominated by the king for towns over 3000 inhabitants, by the préfet elsewise, but the local councillors are elected for six years.
From July 3, 1848, to 1851, mayors were elected by the town council for towns under 6000 inhabitants.
From 1851 to 1871, they were again nominated by the préfet in towns under 3000 inhabitants, for five years as for 1855.
Since 1871, mayors are elected by the town council after its election by universal suffrage.
| Mayor | Term start | Term end | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jean-Marie Chevallier | 1971 | 1977 | Apolitic | |
| Roland Darrouzès | 1977 | - | Socialist |
Lamanon is twinned with:
Gualba, Spain
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source: EHESS[15] and INSEE (1968-2017)[16] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The village has anursery school and aprimary school, both public.[17] Afterwards, pupils go to collège (high-school) at the CollègeLucie-Aubrac inEyguières.[18] Then, they go to the lycée (high-school) deL'Emperi inSalon-de-Provence.[19]
There are many sport associations in the village: tennis, cycling, pétanque, football, gym.Also, one can find a stud farm and aGR footpath, GR n°6.
There are several doctors and a pharmacy. Not far, inEyguières, there is a cardiovascular center. The nearest hospital is inSalon-de-Provence.
The vin de pays des Alpilles is acountry wine from the North ofBouches-du-Rhône which is not part of theAppellation d'origine contrôlée label. It was known until 2001 under the name "Vin de pays de la Petite Crau". The production is about 6000 hectolitres per year. Its vineyard lies on a stony soil, delimited by theDurance in the north and theAlpilles in the south.[20]
The village produces anolive oil protected by anAOC label since August 1997. The different olive species used are the salonenque, the beruguette, the grossane and the verdale from the Bouches-du-Rhône.[21]
Around the Alpilles, tourism is declined around three axes: first, the historical and cultural tourism including visits (Les Baux-de-Provence,Glanum, etc.) and festivals, such as the Festival des Alpilles. Secondly, the relaxation tourism, taking advantage of the growing business around guestrooms and hotel trade, with the local animations such as market and artisans. Thirdly, the green tourism around walking trails in the hills.
Each year, Lamanon hosts one of the biggest concerts of the festival des Alpilles, the "Lam' du blues", starring big names such as Tony Joe White, Billy Boy Arnold, John Primer, Billy Branch, Lurrie Bell, Louisiana Red or Wes Mackey.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
