| Lokkhon Sen | |
|---|---|
| Sena king | |
| Reign | 1178–1206 |
| Predecessor | Ballala Sena |
| Successor | Vishvarupa SenKeshava Sena |
| Spouse | Tandra Devi |
| Issue | Vishvarupa Sena Keshava Sena Madhava Sena |
| House | Sena |
| Father | Ballala Sena |
| Mother | Ramadevi |
| Sena dynasty 1070 CE–1230 CE | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||
Lokkhon Sen orLakshmana Sena (Bengali:লক্ষ্মণ সেন; reign: 1178–1206) was the ruler from theSena dynasty of theBengal region on theIndian subcontinent. His rule lasted for 28 years.
Lakshmana Sena succeeded his fatherBallala Sena.[1] The history of his reign can be reconstructed from theepigraphs of his time that include theDeopara Prashasti stone inscriptions andcopper plates from his successors.Tabaqt-i-Nasiri, composed by 1260, is another source of information about his reign.
In his youth, Lakshmana Sena led military campaigns againstGauḍa,Kamarupa,Kalinga andVaranasi (under the rule ofGahadavala KingJayachandra), and helped his grandfatherVijaya Sena and father Ballala Sena to expand the borders of the Sena kingdom. However, he ascended to the throne of Bengal himself at an advanced age.
Lakshmana Sena was interested in literature and composed a number ofSanskrit poems. He completedAdbhuta Sagara, a book incompletely written by his father. He assembled some of the major figures in contemporary Sanskrit literature —Jayadeva,Dhoyin andSharan — as his court poets. Among his othercourtiers, Sridharadasa, Halayudh Mishra andUmapati Dhara also produced important treatises and works of literature.[2] Lakshman Sena established a calendar era calledLakshmana Era that was used in Bengal and Bihar for at least 400 years.[3][4] He also founded the prominent medieval city ofLakhnauti.[4]
He was a devotedVaishnava and took up titles likeParamavaisnava orParamanarasingha to reflect that.[2] Lakshmansena's generosity even attracted the attention of Minhaj-us-Siraj, the author of the , who designated him as a 'great Rai' of Bengal and compared him with Sultan Qutubuddin.[2]
After subjugatingBihar in 1200,[5] Turko-Afghan invader Bakhtiyar Khaliji's forces enteredNabadwip inBengal. Subsequently, Bakhtiyar went on to capture the capital and the principal city,Lakhnauti.[6]
Bakhtiyar marched against Bengal with a band of well-trained horsemen.[2] He was at first treated in Nadia as a horse-dealer.[2] At that time Lakshmana Sena was an octogenarian.[2] The old Sena king, who was then at his dinner, was completely taken by surprise.[2] When Bakhtiyar captured Nadia, Lakshmana Sena withdrew to southeastern Bengal, where his sons continued the rule of Senas for the some time.[2] The detailed account of this invasion is given in Tabaqat-i-Nasiri.[7] However the laudatory verse of Sarana refers to Lakshmana Sena's victory against a Mlechchha king, who may be regarded as a Muslim ruler in Bengal.[8]
Bakhtyār led his army a second time in the direction of Bihar in the year... 1200 A.D.
Bakhtyār fairly completed his conquest of the Varendra tract with the ... city of Gaur before the year 599 A.H.
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