The lake reached a water level of 3,900 metres (12,800 ft) over the central and northern Altiplano,[1] 90 metres (300 ft) above the current lake levels ofLake Titicaca.[2] TheCapalla-Ulloma sill, which separates the Altiplano into a northern and southern basin,[3] did not exist at that time and it did not split up the Cabana lake body. It left deposits reaching thicknesses of 50 metres (160 ft) of thickness;[4] they have been found on the western and eastern sides of the basin.[2] Erosion platforms and terraces covered with gravels[5] and otherwave cut structures are remnants of Lake Cabana.[6]
In 1984, this lake was named by a group of researchers[7] around A. Lavenu.[8] Other ancient lakes on the Altiplano areLake Mataro,Lake Ballivian,Lake Minchin andLake Tauca.[9] An erosion surface at 3,900 metres (12,800 ft) elevation and associatedclays were formerly attributed with Ballivián[10][11] but today shorelines at that elevation are instead associated with Cabana.[1]
The lake existed about 1 million years ago. It was preceded by Lake Mataro and succeeded byLake Escara and Lake Ballivian, the latter in the north and the former in the south.[1] The Kaluyo glaciation preceded the formation of Lake Cabana,[4] earlier it was believed that the 3,900 metres (12,800 ft) high formations predated any glaciation.[12] A phase of tectonic extension in the Titicaca basin may have favoured the formation of this lake.[13] The existence of this lake may have facilitated the diversification ofHeleobia snails, but increased speciation only occurred during the subsequent Ballivian episode.[14]
^Fornari, Michel; Risacher, François; Féraud, Gilbert (August 2001). "Dating of paleolakes in the central Altiplano of Bolivia".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.172 (3–4): 270.Bibcode:2001PPP...172..269F.doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00301-7.
^Schäbitz, F.; Liebricht, H. (1999). "Zur Landschaftsgeschichte der Halbinsel Copacabana im peruanisch-bolivianischem Grenzbereich des Titicacagebietes".Beiträge zur quartären Landschaftsentwicklung Südamerikas. Festschrift zum 65. Geburtstag von Professor Dr. Karsten Garleff. Bamberger geographische Schriften (in German).Bamberg. p. 117.OCLC602709757.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Newell, Norman D. (1949). "Geology of the Lake Titicaca Region, Peru and Bolivia".GSA Memoirs. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 36. Geological Society of America. pp. 1–124.doi:10.1130/mem36-p1.hdl:2027/mdp.39015000439300.
Wirrmann, Denis; Ybert, Jean-Pierre; Mourguiart, Philippe; Ybert, J.-P. (1992-01-01). "Paleohydrology". In Dejoux, C.; Iltis, A. (eds.).Lake Titicaca. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 68. Springer Netherlands. pp. 40–62.doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2406-5_3.ISBN9789401050616.
