Family of bacteria
TheLactobacillaceae lactic acid bacteria .[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] Lactobacillaceae, the pathway used for hexose fermentation is a genus-specific trait.Lactobacillaceae include the homofermentative lactobacilliLactobacillus Holzapfelia Amylolactobacillus ,Bombilactobacillus Companilactobacillus Lapidilactobacillus Agrilactobacillus Schleiferilactobacillus ,Loigolactobacillus ,Lacticaseibacillus Latilactobacillus Dellaglioa ,Liquorilactobacillus ,Ligilactobacillus Lactiplantibacillus heterofermentative lactobacilliFurfurilactobacillus ,Paucilactobacillus ,Limosilactobacillus Fructilactobacillus Acetilactobacillus ,Apilactobacillus Levilactobacillus Secundilactobacillus , andLentilactobacillus ,Lactobacillus Convivina ,Fructobacillus Leuconostoc Oenococcus Weissella Leuconostocaceae .[ 2]
TheLactobacillaceae are also the only family of the lactic acid bacteria which does not include pathogenic or opportunistic pathogenic organisms although some species, particularlyLacticaseibacillus rhamnosus andWeissella spp. can cause rare infections in critically ill patients.[ 6] [ 7]
With the exception ofLactococcus lactis ,Streptococcus thermophilus andTetragenococcus halophilus , most food fermenting lactic acid bacteria are now classified in theLactobacillaceae .[ 2] [ 8] [ 9]
Thegrandfathered termlactobacilli refers to all bacteria classified in Lactobacillaceae prior to 2020, i.e.Lactobacillus sensu lato Pediococcus Sharpea [ 2] lactobacilli to refer toLactobacillus sensu lato only.
At one point five genera (Convivina ,Fructobacillus ,Leuconostoc ,Oenococcus andWeissella ) were considered a separate family calledLeuconostocaceae [ 10] fermented drinks .[ 11] [ 12] Lactic acid is the main end product of their characteristic heterofermentative carbohydrate metabolism. In 2020 Leuconostocaceae wassynonymized with Lactobacillaceae.[ 2]
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on theList of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[ 1] National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[ 13]
Unassigned genus:
^a b J.P. Euzéby."Lactobacillaceae" .List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved2022-09-09 . ^a b c d e f g Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CM, Harris HM, Mattarelli P, O'Toole PW, Pot B, Vandamme P, Walter J, Watanabe K, Wuyts S, Felis GE, Gänzle MG, Lebeer S (2020)."A taxonomic note on the genusLactobacillus : Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genusLactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union ofLactobacillaceae andLeuconostocaceae " .Int J Syst Evol Microbiol .70 (4):2782– 2858.doi :10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 hdl :10067/1738330151162165141 PMID 32293557 . ^ "Lactobacillaceae - Definition and More from Merriam-Webster's Free Medical Dictionary" . Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved26 July 2010 .^ Walter J, O'Toole PW (December 2023)."Microbe Profile: The Lactobacillaceae" .Microbiology .169 (12): 001414.doi :10.1099/mic.0.001414 PMC 10765037 PMID 38088348 . ^ Gänzle, Michael G (2015)."Lactic metabolism revisited: metabolism of lactic acid bacteria in food fermentations and food spoilage" Current Opinion in Food Science . Food Microbiology • Functional Foods and Nutrition.2 :106– 117.doi :10.1016/j.cofs.2015.03.001 .ISSN 2214-7993 . ^ Ricci, Antonia; Allende, Ana; Bolton, Declan; Chemaly, Marianne; Davies, Robert; Girones, Rosina; Herman, Lieve; Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos; Lindqvist, Roland; Nørrung, Birgit; Robertson, Lucy (2017)."Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA" .EFSA Journal .15 (3): e04664.doi :10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4664 .ISSN 1831-4732 .PMC 7010101 PMID 32625421 . ^ Abriouel, Hikmate; Lerma, Leyre Lavilla; Casado Muñoz, María del Carmen; Montoro, Beatriz Pérez; Kabisch, Jan; Pichner, Rohtraud; Cho, Gyu-Sung; Neve, Horst; Fusco, Vincenzina; Franz, Charles M. A. P.; Gálvez, Antonio (2015)."The controversial nature of theWeissella genus: Technological and functional aspects versus whole genome analysis-based pathogenic potential for their application in food and health" .Frontiers in Microbiology .6 : 1197.doi :10.3389/fmicb.2015.01197 ISSN 1664-302X .PMC 4621295 PMID 26579103 . ^ Gänzle, Michael (2019),"Fermented Foods" Food Microbiology , John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 855– 900,doi :10.1128/9781555819972.ch33 ,ISBN 978-1-68367-047-6 S2CID 242940113 , retrieved2020-11-28 ^ Hutkins, Robert W., ed. (2018).Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods (2nd ed.) doi :10.1002/9780470277515 .ISBN 9780470277515 ^ Chelo, Ivo M.; Zé-Zé, Líbia; Tenreiro, Rogério (2007)."Congruence of evolutionary relationships inside theLeuconostoc -Oenococcus -Weissella clade assessed by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene,dnaA ,gyrB ,rpoC anddnaK " .International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .57 (2):276– 86.doi :10.1099/ijs.0.64468-0 PMID 17267964 . ^ Björkroth, Johanna; Holzapfel, Wilhelm (2006). "GeneraLeuconostoc ,Oenococcus andWeissella ".The Prokaryotes . pp. 267– 319.doi :10.1007/0-387-30744-3_9 .ISBN 978-0-387-25494-4 ^ Mohammad, Salma Malihah; Mahmud-Ab-Rashid, Nor-Khaizura; Zawawi, Norhasnida (2020-08-25)."Probiotic properties of bacteria isolated from bee bread of stingless bee Heterotrigona itama" (PDF) .Journal of Apicultural Research .60 :172– 187.doi :10.1080/00218839.2020.1801152 .ISSN 0021-8839 .S2CID 225208290 . ^ Sayers; et al."Lactobacillaceae" .National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved2022-09-09 . ^ "The LTP" . Retrieved10 December 2024 .^ "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved10 December 2024 .^ "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes" (PDF) . Retrieved10 December 2024 .^ "GTDB release 09-RS220" .Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved10 May 2024 .^ "bac120_r220.sp_labels" .Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved10 May 2024 .^ "Taxon History" .Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved10 May 2024 .
Candidate Phyla
"Synergistetes" "Thermocalda"
"Cyanoprokaryota" "Firmicutes" Bacillota Bacillota A"Clostridiia " "Thermoanaerobacteria" Thermosediminibacteria Bacillota D Bacillota ESulfobacillia Symbiobacteriia Thermaerobacteria Bacillota G"Hydrogenisporia" Limnochordia "Desulfotomaculota ""Carboxydocellia" "Carboxydothermia" "Dehalobacteriia" Desulfitobacteriia Desulfotomaculia "Moorellia" Peptococcia Syntrophomonadia Thermincolia "Halanaerobiaeota" "Selenobacteria"
Incertae sedis
