La Bastide-Clairence Bastida | |
|---|---|
 The Town Hall Square | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
 Location of La Bastide-Clairence | |
  La Bastide-Clairence  La Bastide-Clairence | |
| Coordinates:43°25′42″N1°15′19″W / 43.4284°N 1.2552°W /43.4284; -1.2552 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques |
| Arrondissement | Bayonne |
| Canton | Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre |
| Intercommunality | CA Pays Basque |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2020–2026) | François Dagorret[1] |
Area 1 | 23 km2 (8.9 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[2] | 987 |
| • Density | 43/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 64289 /64240 |
| Elevation | 7–192 m (23–630 ft) (avg. 28 m or 92 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
La Bastide-Clairence (French pronunciation:[labastidklɛʁɑ̃s];Basque:Bastida Arberoa, before 1988:Labastide-Clairence;Occitan:La Bastida)[3] is acommune in thePyrénées-Atlantiquesdepartment in theNouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.[4]
The inhabitants of the commune are known asBastidots orBastidotes.[5]
The village is a member of theLes Plus Beaux Villages de France ("The most beautiful villages of France") association.[6]
_mairie.JPG)
La Bastide-Clairence is located in theformer province ofLower Navarre some 20 km east by south-east ofBayonne and 5 km north-east ofHasparren. Access to the commune is by the D10 road which branches from the D936 north of the commune and comes south to the village continuing south to join the D251 just west ofAyherre. Part of the D510 forms the western border of the commune as it goes south to join the D10 near Hasparren. The D123 goes east from the village through the length of the commune toAmorots-Succos to the south-east. The D610 connects the D510 to the D10 in the commune. The commune is mostly farmland interspersed with forest.[7][8]
La Joyeuse stream flows from the south through the village and continues north to become theAran which joins theAdour atUrt. TheArbéroue stream flows from the south-east northwards through the eastern part of the commune to join theLihoury north-east of the commune.[7][8]
Source:[8]
Neighbouring communes and villages[7] | |
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The commune name inBasque isBastida orBastida Arberoa[9] and inGasconOccitan isLa Bastida Clarença.
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
| Name | Spelling | Date | Source | Page | Origin | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bastide-Clairence | Bastida nueva de Clarenza | 1312 | Raymond | 23 | Camara | Village |
| la Bastide de Clarence | 1364 | Raymond | 23 | Navarre | ||
| la Bastide | 1380 | Raymond | 23 | Duchesne | ||
| la Bastida de Clarença | 1398 | Raymond | 23 | Duchesne | ||
| La Bastide de Clarensse | 1422 | Raymond | 23 | Oloron | ||
| Bastida de Clarencia | 1513 | Raymond | 23 | Pamplona | ||
| La Bastide de Clerance | 1665 | Raymond | 23 | Register | ||
| Beata Maria de la Bastide de Clerence | 1767 | Raymond | 23 | Collations | ||
| Agnescous | Agnescous | 1863 | Raymond | 3 | Hamlet | |
| Pessarou | Pessarrou | 1863 | Raymond | 134 | Farm |
Sources:
Origins:
La Bastide-Clairence appears as 'LA BASTIDE Clerence on the 1750Cassini Map[18] and asLA BASTIDE on the 1790 version.[19]
A Navarrese fortified village was founded in 1288 byClaire de Rabastens on a hillside next to the Aran river hence itsGascon nameBastida Clarença.
800 refugees, mainly fromBigorre, were granted a charter in July 1312 byLouis I of Navarre, the futureLouis X of France. The birth of the village corresponds to a need for Navarre to create a strong town in the forested frontier area. La Bastide-Clairence, as its name suggests, was a fortified town. The historian Paul Broca could still see the remains of its ancient fortress in 1875.
La Bastide-Clairence slowly accumulated a population of shop-keepers from south-western France then from Spanish refugees fleeing theInquisition, and also from Basque towns and villages nearby. Another version of the origin of the town exists: it was populated by settlers from diverse backgrounds including pilgrims toSantiago de Compostela called theFrancos.
By 1700 the population had reached 2,000. The inhabitants lived on thenail industry, woollen garments and knitwear, and agriculture. 12-day fairs ensured the prosperity of the town. In the 16th century the locals did not speakBasque, but spokeGascon. Subsequently they gradually adopted the Basque language and customs. The town has 320 houses and mills from the 17th century. From 1575 to 1789, La Bastide-Clairence depended on the lords of Gramont.
The city had a large Jewish community after the expulsion ofPortuguese Jews in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Today, the Place des Arceaux and itshalf-timbered houses attract many art craftsmen. The houses are very typical of the region - there are two architectural types:
The commune was formerly known asLabastide-Clairence and was renamedLa Bastide-Clairence on 25 June 1988.
There was a Jewish community for about 200 years from the early 17th century to the end of the 18th century.
Refugees who came from Spain and especially Portugal, theSephardi Jews, settled inBayonne at the end of the 16th century from where they spread to the three small towns ofPeyrehorade (where they were welcomed by the Lord of Aspremont),Bidache, and La Bastide-Clairence which were protected by theDuke of Gramont.
Often called "Portuguese", there were about 70-80 families in the commune in the 17th century. They lived in a relatively autonomous community designated by the expression "Jewish Nation" on the municipal records and had their own separate cemetery that was opened at the beginning of the 17th century.
The inscriptions on the tombs, numbering 62, were found from 1962 to 1964 by Professor Gérard Nahon. The oldest tomb dates from 1620 with the most recent in 1785. On 18 of them, the date of death is expressed in theHebrew calendar. From 1659 all had biblical names: Jacob, Isaac, Benjamin, Esther, Sarah, Rebecca. Among family names there are: Dacosta, Henriquez, Lopez Nunez, Depas, Alvares.
The number of Jews decreased significantly in the middle of the 18th century when there were only 15 Jewish families. There remained only 6 in 1798.
The cemetery belongs to the Jewish Consistory of Bayonne.
| The official status of the blazon remains to be determined. Blazon: |
 |
| From | To | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 2014 | Léopold Darritchon |
| 2014 | 2026 | François Dagorret |
The town participates in nine inter-communal associations:
La Bastide-Clairence is the headquarters of the sanitation association of Adour-Ursuia.
In 2017 the commune had 979 inhabitants.
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| Source: EHESS[21] and INSEE[22] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The commune has one private and one public primary school.[23]
Economic activity in the commune is mainly agricultural. The commune is part of theAppellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone ofOssau-iraty.
_%25C3%2589glise_Notre-Dame-de-l%2527Assomption.JPG)
The oldJeu de paume (1842)
is registered as an historical monument.[24]
The commune has two religious sites that are registered as historical monuments:
[25] The church contains a Painting with frame: Virgin and child (18th century)
which is registered as an historical object.[26][27]
_painting_miracle_of_Saint_Nicholas.jpg)
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