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LFG Roland D.II

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1910s German fighter aircraft

Roland D.II

General information
Type	Fighter
Manufacturer	Luft-Fahrzeug-Gesellschaft,Pfalz
Number built	300
History
Introduction date	Early 1917
First flight	October 1916
Developed from	Roland D.I

TheLFG Roland D.II was a German single-seat fighter ofWorld War I. The type was manufactured byLuftfahrzeug Gesellschaft, and also byPfalz Flugzeugwerke under license.

Design and development

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The D.II used aplywood monocoque fuselage. Two layers of plywood strips were spirally wrapped in opposing directions over a mold to form one half of a fuselage shell. The fuselage halves were then glued together, covered with a layer of fabric, and doped. This design, which was known as theWickelrumpf, allowed the creation of a smooth, strong and light structure.^[1] The upper wing was attached to the fuselage by means of a large central pylon, greatly impairing the pilot's forward vision. Armament consisted of twin"Spandau" LMG 08/15 machine guns buried in the fuselage decking.

The D.II was initially powered by a 160 hpMercedes D.III engine, giving a top speed of 105 mph at sea level. Later aircraft, designatedD.IIa, were powered by a 180 hp Argus As.III. The As.III offered poor performance above 3,000 m and the D.IIa was mostly relegated to operations on the Eastern Front.

NicknamedHaifisch (shark) for its sleek appearance, the D.II and D.IIa proved generally unpopular in service due to poor fields of view and heavy controls. It was quite fast and strong, but had mediocre manoeuvrability and handling.^[1] However, it is also reported that the aircraft had particularly sensitive controls, particularly in theyawing plane.^[2] The type is known to have been used byJasta 25 at theirCanatlarzi base inMacedonia in 1917.

Variants

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D.II: Single-seat fighter-scout biplane, powered by a 160 hp (119 kW) Mercedes D.III piston engine.
D.IIa: Single-seat fighter-scout biplane, powered by a 180 hp (134 kW) Argus As.III piston engine.
C.V: One-off two seat derivative with a 160 hp (119 kW) Mercedes D.III engine.
Pfalz D.II/D.IIa: aircraft licence-built byPfalz Flugzeugwerke, from February 1917 renamedRoland D.II/D.IIa (Pfal). There were built 100 D.II (s/n 2830-2929/16) and 100 D.IIa (s/n 300-399/17).^[1]

Operators

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Bulgaria

Bulgarian Air Force

German Empire

Specifications (D.II)

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Data fromGerman Aircraft of the First World War^[3]

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Length: 6.93 m (22 ft 9 in)
Wingspan: 8.94 m (29 ft 4 in)
Height: 3.11 m (10 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 22.8 m² (245 sq ft)
Empty weight: 715 kg (1,576 lb)
Gross weight: 954 kg (2,103 lb)
Powerplant: 1 ×Mercedes D.III 6-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine, 119 kW (160 hp)
Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

Maximum speed: 180 km/h (110 mph, 97 kn)
Endurance: 2 hours^[4]
Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)^[5]
Time to altitude: 5,000 m (16,000 ft) in 23 minutes

Armament

Guns: 2 ×7.92 mm LMG 08/15 machine guns

References

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^^a ^b ^cHerris, Jack.Pfalz Aircraft of World War I. Great War Aircraft in Profile, Volume 4. 2001.ISBN 1891268155. P.27
^Cowin 2000, p. 49
^Gray and Thetford 1962, pp. 164-165.
^Donald 1994, p. 554.
^Angelucci 1981, p. 50.

Bibliography

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toLFG Roland D.II.

Anderson, Lennart (November–December 2019). "La renaissance de l'aviation militair bulgare dans les années vingt" [The Rebirth of Bulgarian Military Aviation in the Twenties].Avions (in French) (232):52–66.ISSN 1243-8650.
Angelucci, Enzo (editor).World Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft. London: Jane's, 1981.ISBN 0-7106-0148-4.
Cowin, H. W.German and Austrian Aviation of World War I. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2000.ISBN 1-84176-069-2.
Donald, David (editor).The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Blitz, 1997.ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
Gray, Peter & Thetford, Owen (1987) [1970].German Aircraft of the First World War (2nd ed.). Putnam.ISBN 0-85177-809-7.
Green, William & Swanborough, Gordon (2001) [1994].The Complete Book of Fighters: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Every Fighter Built and Flown (Revised and Updated ed.). Salamander Books.ISBN 1-84065-269-1.
Herris, Jack (2014).Roland Aircraft of WWI: A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes. Great War Aviation Centennial Series. Vol. 9. Aeronaut Books.ISBN 978-1-935881-20-9.

v t e Luft-Fahrzeug-Gesellschaft (LFG-Roland) aircraft
Pre-WW1 and WW1	Pfeil/Arrow C.I C.II C.III C.V C.VIII D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI D.VII D.VIII D.IX D.XIII D.XIV D.XV D.XVI D.XVII Dr.I E.I G.I W (1) W (2) WD
Post WWI	V 1 V 2 V 3 Susanna V 8 Bärbel V 13 V 18 Sassnitz V 19 Putbus V 20 Arkona V 26 V 36 V 39 V 40 V 42 V 44 V 52 V 58 V 59 V 60 V 61 V 101 Jasmund V 130 Strela Phönix

Idflieg C-, CL-, and CLS-class aircraft designations

C-

AEG	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII
AGO	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX
Albatros	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX C.X C.XI C.XII C.XIII C.XIV C.XV
Aviatik	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX
Caspar	C.I
DFW	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI
Fokker	C.I C.II C.III
Friedrichshafen	C.I
Germania	C.I C.II C.III C.IV
Halberstadt	C.I C.II C.III C.V C.VII C.VIII C.IX
Hannover	C.I C.IV
LFG Roland	C.I C.II C.III C.V C.VIII
LVG	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX
OAW	C.I C.II
Otto	C.I C.II
Pfalz	C.I
Rumpler	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX C.X
Sablatnig	C.I C.II C.III
Schütte-Lanz	C.I
Zeppelin	C.I C.II

CL-

BFW	CL.I CL.II CL.III CL.IV
Daimler	CL.I
Halberstadt	CL.II CL.IV
Hannover	CL.II CL.III CL.V
Junkers	CL.I
Zeppelin-Lindau	CL.I CL.II

CLS-

Albatros	CLS.I
Halberstadt	CLS.I CLS.II CLS.X
Junkers	CLS.I

Idflieg D and DJ-class aircraft designations

D- class

AEG	D.I D.II D.III
Albatros	D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI D.VII D.VIII D.IX D.X D.XI D.XII
Aviatik	(D.I skipped) D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI D.VII
Daimler	D.I D.II
DFW	D.I D.II
Euler	D.I D.II
Fokker	D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI D.VII D.VIII
Friedrichshafen	D.I D.II D.III
Halberstadt	D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V
Junkers	D.I
Kondor	D.I
LFG/Roland	D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI D.VII D.VIII D.IX D.X D.XI D.XII D.XIII D.XIV D.XV D.XVI D.XVII
LVG	D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI
Märkische	D.I
Naglo	D.I D.II
Pfalz	D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI D.VII D.VIII D.IX D.X D.XI D.XII D.XIII D.XIV D.XV
Rumpler	D.I
Schütte-Lanz	D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI D.VII
Siemens-Schuckert	D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI
Zeppelin-Lindau	D.I

DJ- class

AEG	DJ.I

v t e World War I aircraft of the Central Powers
Fighters	AEG D.I AEG Dr.I Albatros D.I Albatros D.II Albatros D.III Albatros D.V Aviatik D.I Aviatik C.VI Daimler L.6 Euler D.I Euler D.II Fokker D.I Fokker D.II Fokker D.III Fokker D.IV Fokker D.V Fokker D.VI Fokker D.VII Fokker D.VIII Fokker Dr.I Fokker E.I Fokker E.II Fokker E.III Fokker E.IV Fokker E.V Halberstadt D.II Hannover CL.II Hannover CL.III Hannover CL.IV Hannover CL.V Hansa-Brandenburg W.12 Hansa-Brandenburg W.29 Junkers D.I Kondor D.6 Kondor E.III Naglo D.II Pfalz D.III Pfalz D.XII Pfalz Dr.I Pfalz E.I Pfalz E.II Phönix D.I LFG Roland D.II LFG Roland D.VI Siemens-Schuckert D.I Siemens-Schuckert D.II Siemens-Schuckert D.III Siemens-Schuckert D.IV Zeppelin-Lindau D.I
Bombers and ground attack	AEG DJ.I AEG G.I AEG G.II AEG G.III AEG G.IV AEG G.V AEG J.I AEG J.II AEG R.I Friedrichshafen G.II Friedrichshafen G.III Gotha G.I Gotha G.II Gotha G.III Gotha G.IV Gotha G.V Gotha GL.VII Gotha G.IX Hannover CL.II Junkers CL.I Junkers J.I Rumpler G.I Rumpler G.II Rumpler G.III Siemens-Schuckert L.I Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.III Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI
Reconnaissance	AEG B.I AEG B.II AEG B.III AEG C.I AEG C.II AEG C.III AEG C.IV AEG C.V AEG C.VI AEG C.VII AEG C.VIII AGO C.I AGO C.II AGO C.III AGO C.IV AGO C.VII AGO C.VIII Albatros B.I Albatros B.II Albatros C.I Albatros C.III Albatros C.V Albatros C.VII Albatros C.IX Albatros C.X Albatros C.XII Aviatik B.I Aviatik B.II Aviatik C.I Aviatik C.VI DFW C.V LFG Roland C.II LVG B.I LVG C.II Rumpler C.I Rumpler C.IV Rumpler Taube
Trainers	Euler D.I
Prototypes	Albatros C.II Fokker V.1 Fokker V.2 Junkers J 1 Junkers J 2 Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I