Lüliang 吕梁市 Lvliang, Lyuliang | |
|---|---|
 | |
.png) Location of Lüliang City jurisdiction in Shanxi | |
  Lüliang Location of the city centre in Shanxi | |
| Coordinates (Lüliang municipal government):37°31′08″N111°08′40″E / 37.5190°N 111.1445°E /37.5190; 111.1445 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| County-level divisions | 1 District 2 county-level cities 10 counties |
| Municipal seat | Lishi District |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture-level city |
| • CPC Secretary | Sun Dajun (孙大军) |
| • Mayor | Xiong Yizhi (熊义志) (Acting) |
| Area | |
| 21,143 km2 (8,163 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 1,323 km2 (511 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,323 km2 (511 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 952 m (3,123 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 3,398,431 | |
| • Density | 160.74/km2 (416.30/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 456,355 |
| • Urban density | 344.9/km2 (893.4/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 456,355 |
| • Metro density | 344.9/km2 (893.4/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 153.8 billion US$ 24.2 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 45,256 US$ 7,241 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 033000 |
| Area code | 0358 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SX-11 |
| Licence plates | 晋J |
| Administrative division code | 141100 |
| Website | www |
Lüliang (simplified Chinese:吕梁;traditional Chinese:呂梁;pinyin:Lǚliáng), also spelled asLvliang[3] orLyuliang, is aprefecture-level city in westernShanxi province,People's Republic of China. It bordersShaanxi province across theYellow River to the west,Jinzhong and the provincial capital ofTaiyuan to the east,Linfen to the south, andXinzhou to the north. It has a total area of 21,143 square kilometres (8,163 sq mi) and a total population of 3,398,431 inhabitants according to the2020 Chinese census, of whom 456,355 lived in theLishi District metropolitan or built-up area.
Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region,[4] the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, Lüliang was established as aprefecture-level area, and the area was reformed into aprefecture-level city in July 2004.
In 2010, the city had a GDP growth rate of 21%; at the time, prices for coal were high and the city had an active coal industry. There were plans to build a new business district in Lüliang, strongly supported by then-mayorZhang Zhongsheng. However, in 2014, the GDP declined by 2%, and by 2015, due to a slowing economy, developing plans in Lüliang stalled and many apartment blocks were left unoccupied. Zhongsheng lost his job due to corruption in 2015, and was sentenced to death in 2021 on bribery charges, with a 2-year reprieve.[5][6]
The Chinese-American reproductive biologistMin Chueh Chang was born in Lüliang in 1908.
Lüliang has direct jurisdiction over 1 district, 2county-level cities, and 10 counties:
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census)[7] | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| 1 | Lishi District | 离石区 | Líshí Qū | 320,142 | 1,323 | 242 |
| 2 | Xiaoyi City | 孝义市 | Xiàoyì Shì | 468,770 | 934 | 502 |
| 3 | Fenyang City | 汾阳市 | Fényáng Shì | 416,212 | 1,173 | 355 |
| 4 | Wenshui County | 文水县 | Wénshuǐ Xiàn | 421,199 | 1,069 | 394 |
| 5 | Zhongyang County | 中阳县 | Zhōngyáng Xiàn | 141,374 | 1,435 | 98 |
| 6 | Xing County | 兴县 | Xīng Xiàn | 279,373 | 3,164 | 88 |
| 7 | Lin County | 临县 | Lín Xiàn | 579,077 | 2,979 | 194 |
| 8 | Fangshan County | 方山县 | Fāngshān Xiàn | 143,809 | 1,433 | 100 |
| 9 | Liulin County | 柳林县 | Liǔlín Xiàn | 320,676 | 1,288 | 249 |
| 10 | Lan County | 岚县 | Lán Xiàn | 174,182 | 1,509 | 115 |
| 11 | Jiaokou County | 交口县 | Jiāokǒu Xiàn | 119,918 | 1,258 | 95 |
| 12 | Jiaocheng County | 交城县 | Jiāochéng Xiàn | 230,521 | 1,821 | 126 |
| 13 | Shilou County | 石楼县 | Shílóu Xiàn | 111,815 | 1,736 | 64 |
Lüliang has amonsoon-influenced continental climate, that, under theKöppen climate classification, falls on the borderline between thesemi-arid (KöppenBSk) andhumid continental (Dwa) regimes, and features largediurnal temperature variation. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) in January to 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 9.5 °C (49.1 °F). Close to three-fourths of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September.
| Climate data for Lüliang (Lishi District), elevation 951 m (3,120 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 29.8 (85.6) | 35.5 (95.9) | 36.7 (98.1) | 40.6 (105.1) | 39.8 (103.6) | 37.2 (99.0) | 36.2 (97.2) | 29.4 (84.9) | 24.1 (75.4) | 16.7 (62.1) | 40.6 (105.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) | 5.7 (42.3) | 12.6 (54.7) | 20.1 (68.2) | 25.6 (78.1) | 29.6 (85.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 28.5 (83.3) | 23.6 (74.5) | 17.2 (63.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 2.1 (35.8) | 17.1 (62.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) | −1.5 (29.3) | 5.2 (41.4) | 12.5 (54.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 22.5 (72.5) | 24.1 (75.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 16.9 (62.4) | 10.0 (50.0) | 2.5 (36.5) | −4.5 (23.9) | 10.2 (50.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.4 (11.5) | −7.0 (19.4) | −0.8 (30.6) | 5.6 (42.1) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.9 (60.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 17.2 (63.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 4.7 (40.5) | −2.4 (27.7) | −9.2 (15.4) | 4.5 (40.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.0 (−14.8) | −23.9 (−11.0) | −16.1 (3.0) | −9.6 (14.7) | −3.2 (26.2) | 4.2 (39.6) | 10.2 (50.4) | 6.6 (43.9) | −2.0 (28.4) | −8.7 (16.3) | −20.0 (−4.0) | −24.9 (−12.8) | −26.0 (−14.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 2.8 (0.11) | 6.0 (0.24) | 11.9 (0.47) | 26.4 (1.04) | 35.7 (1.41) | 52.1 (2.05) | 110.6 (4.35) | 115.1 (4.53) | 72.7 (2.86) | 36.1 (1.42) | 16.7 (0.66) | 2.8 (0.11) | 488.9 (19.25) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 12 | 11.4 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 4.5 | 2.2 | 76.3 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 14.7 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 55 | 51 | 45 | 42 | 44 | 52 | 65 | 70 | 70 | 66 | 61 | 56 | 56 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 168.3 | 162.8 | 202.7 | 228.7 | 249.9 | 230.0 | 214.1 | 205.1 | 190.7 | 189.9 | 174.9 | 168.2 | 2,385.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 55 | 53 | 54 | 58 | 57 | 52 | 48 | 49 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 57 | 54 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[10] | |||||||||||||
Major cities along theYellow River | ||
|---|---|---|
| Province-level subdivisions | Cities (from upper reaches to lower reaches) |  |
| Gansu | ||
| Ningxia | ||
| Inner Mongolia | ||
| Shanxi | ||
| Shaanxi | ||
| Henan | ||
| Shandong | ||
