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László Radványi

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Sociologist and economist from Germany
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László Radványi (13 December 1900 — 3 July 1978),[1] also known asJohann-Lorenz Schmidt, was a Hungarian-German economist and academic.

Life

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Childhood and early career

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Radványi was born into a Jewish family inHungary. As a boy, Radványi attended a grammar school on Marko Street inBudapest. While attending grammar school, at the age of 16, he authored a book of poetry, which received a preface fromFrigyes Karinthy.[2] Radványi studied economics and philosophy at theUniversity of Budapest from 1918 to 1919, where he became involved in radical politics. With the destruction of theHungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 he fled toVienna,[3] where he adopted the pseudonym "JohannLorenz Schmidt", from the 18th-century Protestant dissident theologian. Radványi studied philosophy in Germany atHeidelberg University, where he obtained his doctorate in 1923. Directed byKarl Jaspers, his thesis onChiliasm wassumma cum laude. While at Heidelberg, Radványi met the writerAnna Seghers. They married in 1925 and had two children,Pierre (b. 1926) and Ruth (b. 1928).[4][5]

Berlin and Paris

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After finishing their studies at Heidelberg, Radványi and Seghers moved to Berlin, where Radványi directed theMarxistische Arbeiterschule (Marxist Workers School) from 1925 to 1933. Radványi gathered faculty members such asGeorg Lukács andBertolt Brecht, and speakers such asAlbert Einstein, who in 1931 hosted a conference titled "What a worker must know about the Theory of Relativity". László indicated in his letters in 1926 the impossibility of obtaining a job as a philosophy professor in Germany because of his "Hungarian-ness and Jewishness". The German government closed the Marxistische Arbeiterschule in 1933, and Radványi then left for Paris.[6] In Paris, Radványi founded and directed the Freie Deutsche Hochschule (Free German University), however, the German invasion of Paris forced Radványi to abandon his new endeavour. In 1940, the police inMeudon detained him as a citizen of a country allied with Germany. He was interned in the Camp du Vernet in Ariège.In December 1940, Seghers obtained a visa for herself, her husband, and their children with the help ofKarl Mannheim. The family did not leave France until 24 March 1941, after they had received a transit visa from the United States; they arrived in New York on 16 June 1941. They departed on 25 June 1941 aboard the SS Monterrey. The SS Monterey's manifest of passengers also included the French anthropologistClaude Lévi-Strauss and surrealistic writerAndré Breton for New York City and the port ofVeracruz, in the Gulf of Mexico.

Mexico, final years and death

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Radványi and his family arrived in Mexico on 30 June 1941. In Mexico City, the family had an audience in the National Palace with the new president, GeneralManuel Ávila Camacho. Radványi got a job at a local newspaper.Vicente Lombardo Toledano, the leader of the Mexican labor movement, asked Radványi to join the recently createdUniversidad Obrera de México (Workers' University of Mexico) and teach Marxist history and economics. In 1944, Radványi took a position at theNational University of Mexico. Here, he developed an interest for propaganda studies and opinion research, becoming the editor of the short-livedJournal of Opinion and Attitude Research.[7] Radványi left Mexico in 1952 for theGerman Democratic Republic where he taught atHumboldt University of Berlin. In 1955, Radványi and his family moved to Volkswohlstraße 81 (later Anna-Seghers-Straße), in East Berlin. On 3 July 1978 he died and was buried in theDorotheenstadt cemetery, where his wife was also buried when she died in 1983. In 2007, Radványi's archives were deposited, though not organized, at Humboldt University.

Works

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  • Der Chiliasmus: ein Versuch zur Erkenntnis der chiliastischen Idee und des chiliastischen Handelns. Budapest: Lukács Archívum 1985. Dissertation Heidelberg 1923.
  • Probleme des Neokolonialismus: die Besonderheiten des westdeutschen Neokolonialismus. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1963.
  • Die Entwicklungsländer: Ursprung, Lage, Perspektive. Berlin: Verlag Die Wirtschaft 1974.
  • Internationale Konzerne. Berlin: Verlag Die Wirtschaft 1981.
  • Probleme des kapitalistischen Weltmarktes. Herausgeber: J. L. Schmidt, K. H. Domdey. (Redaktionskollegium: J. L. Schmidt, K. H. Domdey, S. Wenger.) 1958

References

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  1. ^Portrait and Biography in the Potsdam University siteArchived 2013-01-06 atarchive.today
  2. ^"Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon 1000-1990".
  3. ^"Biographische Datenbanken | Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur".
  4. ^"Seghers-Tochter Ruth Radvanyi gestorben".
  5. ^Moreno, Alejandro; Sánchez-Castro, Manuel (March 2009)."A Lost Decade? László Radványi and the Origins of Public Opinion Research in Mexico, 1941–1952".International Journal of Public Opinion Research.21 (1):3–24.doi:10.1093/ijpor/edp002.
  6. ^Im Visier des FBI: Deutsche Exilschriftseller in den Akten amerikanischer Geheimdienste, von Alexander Stephan
  7. ^Petersson, Olof (2011).Statsvetaren : Jörgen Westerståhl och demokratins århundrade (Första upplagan ed.). Stockholm. pp. 175–176.ISBN 978-91-86203-92-4.OCLC 816323250.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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