László Németh | |
|---|---|
 László Németh in 1919 | |
| Born | (1901-04-18)18 April 1901 |
| Died | 3 March 1975(1975-03-03) (aged 73) |
| Resting place | Farkasréti Cemetery, Budapest |
| Pen name | László Lelkes |
| Occupation | Teacher, writer |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Notable awards | Baumgarten Prize (1930) Attila József Prize (1951) Kossuth Prize (1957) Gold Order of Merit for Work (1961)[1] Herder Prize (1965) Batsányi Prize (1968) |
| Spouse | Ella Démusz (married 1925) |
László Németh (18 April 1901 – 3 March 1975) was aHungarian writer, dramatist and essayist.
He was born inNagybánya, the son of József Németh (1873–1946) and Vilma Gaál (1879–1957). Over the Christmas of 1925, he married Ella Démusz (1905–1989), the daughter of János Démusz, a keeper of apublic house. Between 1926 and 1944 they had six daughters, two of whom died in infancy.
Németh was awarded a degree indentistry in 1925, and worked in Szent János (English:Saint John) Hospital. He founded a dental practice, but later became a medical practitioner for schools.
In 1926 he opened his dental surgery, although he continued to work as afreelance at the Saint John's Hospital in the Department ofNeurology. He was a medical practitioner for Toldy School from 1926 to 1927, at the Egressy Street School from 1928 to 1931, and at Medve Street School from 1933 to 1943, when he retired as a medical practitioner. In the winter of 1927 he contractedtuberculosis and travelled toItaly andFelsőgöd toconvalesce, retiring from his career as a dentist.
Between 1945 and 1948 he was a casual teacher in the history of Hungarian literature, in mathematics, and other subjects, at the grammar school inHódmezővásárhely. In 1946 Minister of EducationDezső Keresztury offered him a job as a school inspector for the College of Further Education, and he worked arranging the college'scurriculum.
In December 1925 Németh won the first prize in a competition run byNyugat magazine for his short storyHorváthné meghal, ("Mrs Horváth Dies").
From 1926 he wrote articles and book reviews for Nyugat magazine, theProtestáns Szemle ("Protestant Review",Társadalomtudomány ("Social Science"),Erdélyi Helikon ("Transylvanian Helikon") andNapkelet ("Sunrise"), for which he was the leading critic until 1931. (In the "Protestant Review" and "Sunrise" he wrote under thepen name of László Lelkes.
In 1927 he became a staff writer forNapkelet. The following year he and his wife travelled toItaly andFrance. In 1929 he had his firstnovel published in that magazine,Emberi színjáték ("HumanPlay"). In 1930, he was awarded theBaumgarten Prize, but he returned it after receiving criticism fromLajos Hatvany [hu]. In 1931 he took aérettségi – the equivalent of aGeneral Certificate of Education – inGreek language, and later he studied it at university for a short while.
On 29 November 1931 he attended a literary dinner inDebrecen hosted by the Ady Association, where fivefolk writers (József Erdélyi [hu],Gyula Illyés,János Kodolányi,Lőrinc Szabó and himself) were warmly received at their public reading.
His relationship withNyugat magazine was somewhat strained,[2] and in the 1930s he had confrontations with the editor,Mihály Babits, who was a trustee of the Baumgarten Foundation, because of his criticism ofSophie Török [hu]. His relationship with Nyugat broke down. In 1943 he wrote a monographMagam helyett ("Instead of me")[3] in which he stated that one of the reasons for this breakdown was Kodolányi, who disliked the fact that Németh had written a strongly worded letter to Lóránt Basch, who was also a trustee of the Baumgarten Foundation, suggesting that Kodolányi should be given financial assistance. Because of this, the other trustee,Mihály Babits didn't want to help him. It ended embarrassingly, as Németh was in Babits' flat when Basch telephoned Babits to tell him about Németh's letter. From 1932 Németh wrote no more for Nyugat.
On 26 September Németh founded theTanú ("Witness") magazine, which published 17 issues until 1937. From April 1934 he edited theVálasz ("Answer") newspaper withLajos Fülep andPál Gulyás [hu] and from 1934 to 1935 he was Head of the Department of Literature at theMagyar Rádió (Hungarian Radio Corporation). During his leadership he tried to encourage and promote contemporary Hungarian literature. In his programmes there were many writers and poets who read their own works and discussed them with Németh – they became well known at the time. The programme became very popular and it influenced later Hungarian literature and the Hungarian Radio Corporation's programme scheduling policy.
In 1934 Németh's had his first book published,Ember és szerep ("Human and role"). In 1935 he joined in theÚj Szellemi Front ("New Intellectual Front") and worked for theSziget ("Island") periodical andMagyarságtudomány ("Hungarian Science").
On 30 March 1938 theNational Theatrepremiered one of his plays,Villámfénynél ("Lightning"). Later on the theatre had two other productions based on his works:Papucshős ("Silent Hero") on 4 November 1939, andCseresznyés ("Cherry Orchard")[4] on 10 January 1942. On 13 May 1939 the National Theatre introduced his historical play,VII. Gergely ("Gregory VII").
Between 1939 and 1942 he was assistant toZsigmond Móricz at theKelet Népe [hu] ("Eastern Nation") magazine. DuringWorld War II he worked forKelet Népe, theHíd ("Bridge") and theMagyar Csillag [hu] ("Hungarian Star") periodicals. Németh collected his monographs and published them in a book calledA minőség forradalma ("The Revolution of Quality"). He was one of the lecturers at a conference inBalatonszárszó. At this conference[5] he made a statement about Judaism, which influenced his life and others' attitude towards his works.[6]From 1944 and on, when he made the same speech at conferences he omitted his remarks about Judaism.
From 19 March 1944, during the German occupation he lived inGöd,Szilasbalhás andBudapest. For a short while he stopped writing articles for magazines. After the SovietRed Army occupied Budapest, Németh and his family moved toBékés.
In 1959 he visited theSoviet Union. In the last part of his life he lived and worked inTihany. He died from astroke on 3 March 1975 in Budapest and was buried inFarkasréti Cemetery there.
In 1969 the publishersMagvető andSzépirodalmi [hu] issued hisCollected Works.
The English names of the works are approximate translations and are not published titles of them.
Theprotagonist Zsófi Kurátor has lost her husband. After she loses her child too, she spends the rest of her life in mourning. Because she follows the rules of a widow, people in her village treat her as an outcast. The whole community scrutinises her every act: can no man tempt her?
The protagonist Nelli Kárász is a loner and uninterested in men. After herarranged marriage, Nelli's marriage and life are unhappy. She hates being dependent on her husband, hates the prison of her marriage. Her husband, Sanyi Takaró, abuses her body and soul. Nelli tries to be a good housekeeper, but at the same time a bad wife, because she wants to annoy her husband in the hope that he will leave her. Her husband, however, tries to make his marriage as happy as possible and looks up to his wife as a goddess. Sanyi becomes jealous of one of their friends, even though he knows that Nelli is not interested in him. As the marriage goes downhill Sanyi has affairs with servant girls. The marriage ends with his death: he is very ill and, against doctor's advice, he tries to have sex with Nelli, who resists. In the middle of the battle his heart stops as Nelli smothers his face with a pillow. It is not clear whether he dies ofchoking orsuffocation.
The protagonist Eszter tries to fight against life's difficulties. She has three children and a happy marriage, until her husband cheats on her. She looks after her father, helps with their farm, and supports village life. Eszter struggles to make her home, marriage and life happy.
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All the following links and sources are inHungarian.
