 Restaurants on the Kurfürstendamm | |
 Interactive map of Kurfürstendamm | |
| Former names | |
|---|---|
| Namesake | |
| Type | Avenue /Boulevard |
| Length | 3,500 m (11,500 ft)[1] |
| Width | 53 m (174 ft)[1] |
| Location | Berlin, Germany |
| Quarter | Charlottenburg,Wilmersdorf,Halensee,Grunewald |
| Nearest metro station | |
| Coordinates | 52°30′03″N13°18′46″E / 52.500833333333°N 13.312777777778°E /52.500833333333; 13.312777777778 |
| East end | |
| Major junctions |
|
| West end |
|
| Construction | |
| Inauguration | 1542 (1542) |
TheKurfürstendamm (German pronunciation:[ˌkuːɐ̯fʏʁstn̩ˈdam]ⓘ; colloquiallyKu'damm,[ˈkuːdam]ⓘ;[2] English:Prince Elector Embankment) is one of the most famousavenues inBerlin. The street takes its name from the formerKurfürsten (prince-electors) ofBrandenburg. The broad, longboulevard can be considered theChamps-Élysées of Berlin and is lined with shops, houses, hotels and restaurants. In particular, manyfashion designers have their shops there, as well as several car manufacturers' show rooms.
The avenue includes four lines ofplane trees and runs for 3.5 km (2.2 mi)[1] through the city. It branches off from theBreitscheidplatz, where the ruins of theKaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church stand, and leads southwestward up to the district ofGrunewald.
At the junction withJoachimstaler Straße it passes theCafé Kranzler, successor of theCafé des Westens, a famous venue for artists andbohémiens of the pre–World War I era. TheKurfürstendamm U-Bahn station and theSwissôtel Berlin can be found at the same junction. One block farther, nearUhlandstraße U-Bahn station, is the Hotel Bristol Berlin (formerlyKempinski) hotel as well as theTheater am Kurfürstendamm, at the site of a former exhibition hall of theBerlin Secession art association.
AtAdenauerplatz the boulevard reaches the district ofWilmersdorf, where it passes theSchaubühne theatre onLehniner Platz. The more sober western or "upper" end of the Kurfürstendamm is marked by theBerlin-Halensee railway station on theRingbahn line and the junction with theBundesautobahn 100 (Stadtring) at theRathenauplatz [de] roundabout, featuring the long-disputed 1987 "Beton Cadillacs" sculpture byWolf Vostell.
Unlike the adjacent streets, the Kurfürstendamm developed out of a historiccorduroy road (German:Damm) laid out by the Brandenburg margraves to reach theGrunewald hunting lodge, which was erected about 1542 at the behest of theHohenzollern electorJoachim II Hector. Although the exact date of the building is unknown, an unnamed causeway leading from theStadtschloss through the swampy area between the settlements of Charlottenburg (then calledLietzow) and Wilmersdorf to Grunewald is already depicted in a 1685 map. The nameChurfürsten Damm was first mentioned between 1767 and 1787.[3]
From 1875 the former bridlepath was embellished as a boulevard with a breadth of 53 m (174 ft) on the personal initiative of chancellorOtto von Bismarck, who also proposed the building of the Grunewald mansions colony at its western end.[1][3] In 1882,Ernst Werner von Siemens presented hisElektromote trolley bus concept at an experimental track near Halensee station. The nearby Lunapark opened in 1909, then Europe's largestamusement park, modelled onConey Island, where boxerMax Schmeling won his first title of a German Lightheavyweight Champion in 1926. After a long period of decline the park was finally closed in 1933. Large parts are today covered by the Stadtautobahn.
In 1913 the newMarmorhaus cinema opened. A number of major film premieres were held here during thesilent era.
Especially during the "Golden Twenties" the Kurfürstendamm area of the "New West" was a centre of leisure and nightlife in Berlin, an era that ended with theGreat Depression and the NaziMachtergreifung in 1933. On Sep 12, 1931, radical antisemite, NaziWolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff organized a riot,[2][4][5][6] about a thousand men appeared from within the crowd on the streets and started attacking people whom they believed to be Jewish.[2]
On July 15, 1935, about 200 Nazi[7]Storm Troopers went on a sadistic attack,[8][9] in "the most brutal anti-Jewish manifestation since Hitler's rise to power,"[10] withHitler's instigation,[11] and Nazi-managed press blaming the victims.[10][8]Varian Fry, an American journalist and futureRighteous Among the Nations, witnessed the brutality and was inspired to become an "ardent anti-Nazi."[12][9] The shops and businesses owned by Jewish tradespeople became the target of several pogroms, culminating in the "Reichskristallnacht" of 9 November 1938. In World War II the boulevard suffered severe damage fromair raids and theBattle of Berlin.[3]
Nevertheless, after the war rebuilding started quickly, and when Berlin was separated intoEast andWest Berlin, the Kurfürstendamm became the leading commercial street of West Berlin in itsWirtschaftswunder days. For that reason, too,John F. Kennedy's tour of West Berlin on June 26, 1963, included a portion of it.[13] A few years later, the Kurfürstendamm became the site ofprotests and majordemonstrations by theGerman student movement. On 11 April 1968, spokesmanRudi Dutschke was shot in the head while leaving the office of theSozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund on Kurfürstendamm No. 140.[3]
AfterGerman reunification the Kurfürstendamm had to compete with central places likePotsdamer Platz,Friedrichstraße, andAlexanderplatz, which led to the closing of numerous cafés and cinemas. It retained the character of aflâneur and upscale shopping street as the western continuation of theTauentzienstraße with its large department stores.
The globally unique international art projectUnited Buddy Bears was presented in Berlin on the Kurfürstendamm during the summer of 2011.[14]
It’s Saturday night, September 12, 1931. Today is Rosh Hashanah— the Jewish New Year. In Berlin, people are out walking and socializing with friends on restaurant patios. Many have flocked to a popular boulevard they call Ku'damm, short for Kurfürstendamm. And just around the corner, Helldorff is ready to riot. He climbs into his open car, and starts driving down Ku’damm boulevard. Suddenly, his men — more rioters— appear out of nowhere...Dr. Lindsay MacNeill:About a thousand men basically appear from within the crowd on the streets and start attacking people. Erin Harper:That’s Dr. Lindsay MacNeill, a historian at the Museum.Dr. Lindsay MacNeill:
They grab people who they think are Jewish. They scream at them and then they beat them. They scream things like “Germany awaken,” “Jews die.” So this is really violent and terrifying.
Officers hesitated to make arrests on Kurfürstendamm in 1935 because they had a new boss: Wolf-Heinrich von Helldorf. In his prior role as leader of the Berlin SA, Helldorf had instigated in September 1931 the very same kind of street violence that took place on Kurfürstendamm in July 1935. In 1931, he had faced criminal charges for his actions.
From the beginning of 1935 intense anti Jewish incitement had newly surfaced among party radicals.... Jochen Klepper, a deeply religious Protestant writer whose wife was Jewish, wrote in his diary on July 13: "Anti-Semitic excesses on the Kurfürstendamm.... The cleansing of Berlin of Jews threateningly announced." A week later Klepper again wrote of what had happened on the Kurfürstendamm: Jewish women had been struck in the face; Jewish men had behaved courageously. "Nobody came to their help, because everyone is afraid of being arrested."
[Citing, Klepper, Unter dem Schatten deiner Fluegel: Aus den Tagebuechern der Jahre 1932-1942, (Stuttgart, 1983), p.269].
On the night of July 15, 1935, about 200 German toughs invaded Berlin's fashionable Kurfürstendamm, seizing, chasing and savagely beating men and women who looked Jewish to them or displeased them by attitude and appearance. The young ruffians were clad in civilian clothes, but from the boots and trousers worn by many, it was clear that they were Nazi Storm Troopers. Howling down their victims with cries of "Out with Jews!" and "Destruction to Jews!", the rowdies freely vented their passion against an unsuspecting defenseless populace. Including some foreigners.Frantic and hurried phone calls made to the police by café proprietors had very little effect because the police appeared most reluctant to prevent the sadistic attack.
The outbreak was the most brutal anti-Jewish manifestation since Hitler's rise to power.
