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Kurdish cuisine[a] consists of a wide variety of foods prepared by theKurdish people. There are culinary and cultural similarities of Kurds and their immediate neighbours inIran,Iraq,Syria, andTurkey.
Kurdish cuisine makes abundant use of fresh herbs and spices.[1]
Sweetened black tea is a very common drink, along with bitter strong coffee. Another favourite Kurdish drink isMastaw (ماستاو) orAva Mast, which isyogurt and salt mixed with water. The fermented version of this is calledDô (Doogh).[2]
Staples of Kurdish cuisine areBerbesel,Biryanî (بریانی),Dokliw (دۆکوڵیو),Kelane (کەلانە),Kulerenaske (ناسکە کولێرە),Kube (کوبە),ParêvTobûlî,Kuki (meat or vegetable pies),Birinç (white rice (برنج) alone or with meat or vegetables and herbs), and a variety of salads, pastries (شیرینی), and drinks specific to different parts of Kurdistan. Other popular dishes areMakluba(مەقلوبە),kofta (کوفتە),shifta (شفتە),shilah/maraga, spinach with eggs, wheat & lentil soup (شۆربای گەنم و عەدەس), beet & meat soup, sweet turnip, cardamon cookies,bulgur pilaf,mehîr,hûr û rûvî, pel (yaprakh) (یاپراخ),chichma this dish is common inErbil (Hewlêr),tefti,niskene (نیسکێنە) andnane niskan.[3]
Sawar (ساوەر), a traditional dish among Kurdish farmers, is made of wheat grain that is boiled, sun dried and pounded in a mortar (curn) to get rid of the husk. The wheat is then crushed in a mill (destarr). The resulting grain food can be boiled and served.[4]
Tepsî (تەپسی) is a dish ofaubergines,green peppers,courgettes and potatoes in a slightly spicy tomato sauce.Teşrîb (تشریب) consists of layers of naan in a sauce of green pepper, tomato, onions and chillies.[5]
Yoghurt, or mast, as it is called inKurdish,[6] is considered the most popular fermented dairy product amongst Kurds.
In Kurdistan, bread can be found in various forms. Their ingredients differ as well as their shapes, densities, and textures.[7]
Stuffed vegetables are widely known as pelpêç or îprax (sarma) or pel (dolma)[8] in Kurdish regions.
As nomads and herders, lamb and chicken have been the main dishes of Kurdish cuisine for centuries.[9] Dishes with meat involved include:
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