| Kupang Malay | |
|---|---|
| Melayu Kupang | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | West Timor |
Native speakers | L1: 200,000 (2015)[1] L2: 150,000 (2015)[1] |
Malay-based creole
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mkn |
| Glottolog | kupa1239 |
Kupang Malay orKupang language is aMalay-based creole language spoken inKupang,East Nusa Tenggara, which is on the west end ofTimor Island. Kupang Malay is presently used as alingua franca for inter-ethnic communication, and it also has native speakers.[2]
It is based onarchaic Malay mixed mostly withDutch,Portuguese, and other local languages. It is similar toAmbonese Malay with several differences in vocabulary and accent. Its grammatical system resembles other Eastern Indonesian Malay creoles.
Kupang Malay originated sometime before the 17th century.[3]Kupang Malay hasRotinese influence.[4]
Like Indonesian, words in Kupang Malay are usually stressed on the penultimate syllable.[2] Some words are stressed on the final syllable as they would be in their source languages. This results in some contrastive stress.
| Kupang Malay | gloss |
|---|---|
| barat | west |
| barát | heavy |
| parang | machete |
| paráng | war |
The vowels of Kupang Malay are shown in the chart below.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
Unlike in Indonesian, there is no schwa in Kupang Malay.[2]
| Indonesian | Kupang Malay | English Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| səlamat | salamat | 'greetings, safe' |
| kəliling | kaliling, kuliling | 'go around' |
| səbentar | sabantar | 'a moment' |
| pərut | parú | 'stomach' |
The "ia ,"ie, "io",and iu,reduces toiya, iye, iyo, iyu or nua, oa, os becomesnuwa,woa, wos.
The consonants of Kupang Malay are shown in the chart below.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | f | s | h | |||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||
| Trill | r | |||||
Kupang Malay has intervocalic glottal stops in some words from which originate from other local languages or Arabic.[2]
For example;
Thepronouns in Kupang Malay differ from Indonesian as shown in the table below.
| Pronouns | Indonesian | Kupang Malay |
|---|---|---|
| First person singular First person plural (inclusive) First person plural (exclusive) | aku, saya kita kami | beta katong batong |
| Second person singular Second person plural | kamu, engkau kalian | lu basong |
| Third person singular Third person plural | dia mereka | dia dong |
Reduplication is frequent. Reduplication can express several things such as: variety, similarity, repetition, non-urgency, and aimlessness.[4]
Theword order of Kupang Malay is mixed Malay and theHelong language.
| English | Indonesian | Kupang Malay |
|---|---|---|
| Kupang city | Kota Kupang | Kupang kota |
| Indonesia has already become to most populated country. | Indonesia sudah menjadi negara yang teramai | Indonesiya su manjadi yang tarame |
Possessives are formed by placing a possessive particle,pung after the possessor and before the possessed item.
