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InJapanese mythology,Kuniumi (国産み, literally "birth or formation of the country") is the traditional and legendary history of the emergence of theJapanese archipelago, of islands, as narrated in theKojiki andNihon Shoki. According to this legend, after the creation of Heaven and Earth, thegodsIzanagi andIzanami were given the task of forming a series of islands that would become what is now Japan. In Japanese mythology, these islands make up the known world. The creation of Japan is followed by the creation of the gods (kamiumi).
After the formation, Heaven was above and Earth was still a drifting soft mush. The first five gods namedKotoamatsukami (別天津神, "Separate Heavenly Deities") were lone deities without sex[1] and did not reproduce. Then came theKamiyonanayo (神世七代, "The Seven Divine Generations"), consisting of two lone deities followed by five couples. The elder gods delegated the youngest couple Izanagi and Izanami to carry out their venerable mandate: to reach down from heaven and give solid form to the earth.
This they did with the use of a precious stone-covered spear namedAme-no-nuboko (天沼矛, "heavenly jewelled spear"), given to them by the elders. Standing over theAme-no-ukihashi (天浮橋, "floating bridge of heaven"), they churned the chaotic mass with the spear. When drops of salty water fell from the tip, they formed into the first island,Onogoroshima. In forming this island, both gods came down from heaven, and spontaneously built a central support column[2] called the Ame-no-mihashira (天御柱, "heavenly pillar") which upheld the "hall measuring eightfathoms" that the gods caused to appear afterwards.[1][3][4][5]
Then they initiated conversation inquiring of each other'sanatomy, leading to a mutual decision to mate and reproduce:[4]
IZANAGI:
How has your body been made?[nb 1]
IZANAMI:
My body is fully formed, except for a part which has not quite grown.[nb 2]
IZANAGI:
My body is fully formed, except I have a part that has grown too much. If I place the part of my body that has grown too much, and plug the part of your body not yet grown, we will produce lands and dominions. What say you to this?[nb 3]
Izanami accepted the offer and Izanagi proposed that both should circle around the columnAme-no-mihashira in opposite directions, Izanami going right and Izanagi left and on meeting each other would perform sexual intercourse (maguwai (麻具波比)). However, when they met on the other side of the pillar, Izanami was the first to speak, saying: "Oh, indeed you are a beautiful and kind youth!", to which Izanagi replied: "Oh, what a most beautiful and kind youth!". Izanagi then rebukes Izanami saying: "It is wrong for the wife to speak first.".[4]
However, they mated anyway and later fathered a childHiruko (lit. "leech child), who was placed in a reed boat dragged by the current.[nb 4] Afterwards they gave birth to Awashima (淡島, lit. "island of foam"). Neither Hiruko nor Awashima were considered legitimate children of Izanagi and Izanami.[4]
Izanagi and Izanami decided to ascend to heaven and consult the primordial gods atTakamagahara about the ill-formed children that resulted from their union. The gods determined through divination that the female speaking first during the ceremony was the cause. So the couple returned to Onogoroshima island and repeated the rite encircling the column, only making sure Izanagi was the first to speak out in greeting. When finished, they performed the union successfully and lands began to be born.[6]
According to the legend, the formation of Japan began with the creation of eight large islands by Izanagi and Izanami. In order of birth these islands are the following:[6]
Traditionally these islands are known asŌyashima (lit. eight large islands) and as a whole are what is currently known as Japan. In the myth neitherHokkaidō nor theRyukyu Islands are mentioned as these were not known to the Japanese at the time of compiling the Kojiki.[6]
Additionally, Izanagi and Izanami then gave birth to six islands:[6][7]
The story of this book only differs in that Izanagi and Izanami volunteered to consolidate the earth. In addition, the two deities are described as "god of yang" (陽神youshin, male deity) and "goddess of yin" (陰神inshin, female deity) influenced by the ideas ofYin and yang. The rest of the story is identical, except that the other celestial gods (Kotoamatsukami) do not appear, nor are the last six smaller islands mentioned that were born through Izanagi and Izanami.
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| Japanese creation myth | ||
| Takamagahara mythology | ||
| Izumo mythology | ||
| Hyūga mythology | ||
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| Major Buddhist figures | ||
| Seven Lucky Gods | ||
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