Guling 牯岭镇
Town
Coordinates:29°34′13″N115°58′36″E / 29.57028°N 115.97667°E /29.57028; 115.97667
Country	China
Location	Mount Lu,Jiujiang
Founded by	Edward Selby Little (李德立), Dr. Edgerton Haskell Hart, and three others
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)

Guling, formerlyromanized asKuling, is a summer resort located on top ofMount Lu inJiujiang,Jiangxi. It was formerly a resort reserved for European missionaries.^[1] Now it is the tourist and administration center of theLushan Geopark, aWorld Heritage Site.^[2]

As of 2018^[update], it has 5 residential communities, 2 villages, and 4 other neighborhoods under its administration.^[3]

Kuling, now called Guling, on the slopes of a wide valley of Mount Lu, was established in 1895 by the missionariesEdward Selby Little, Dr. Edgerton Haskell Hart, and three others, as a sanitarium and rest resort for Western missionaries in southern China. They built their houses in the colonial style of architecture, and added churches, schools, and sports facilities. It was named by Little, as a pun: it is wonderfullycooling after the summer heat in the plains below. It was also a word that sounded conveniently Chinese to the local people, and has been adopted by them. Kuling was run by the missionaries in a Kuling Council that sold the plots of the land and with the proceeds, paid for local services and security. In 1910, Caroline Maddock Hart and four others met to found the Nurses Association of China, with Caroline Maddock Hart being its first president.

1934,Soong Mei-ling, then first Lady of the Republic of China, was given a villa in Kuling town, Mount Lu. She and her husbandChiang Kai-shek both loved the villa very much. Chiang Kai-shek named the villa asMei Lu Villa to symbolize the beauty of Mount Lu. The couple usually stayed at this villa in Kuling town, Mount Lu, in summer time, so the mountain is calledSummer Capital, and the villa is called the Summer Palace.^[4][5][6]

Prior to 1949, President Chiang Kai-shek chose Mount Lu as the summer headquarters for his nationalistKuomintang government, having been introduced to the place by his wife Soong Mei-ling, the daughter of a Shanghai Methodist minister. It was here that, in 1946, the U.S. special diplomatic mission representing thePresident of the United States, led by GeneralGeorge C. Marshall, met with Chiang Kai-shek to discuss the role of post-World War II China.

After the conclusion of theChinese Communist Revolution in 1949, it became the favourite meeting place for theCentral Committee of the Chinese Communist Party because Chairman Mao used Chiang Kai-shek's house as one of his holiday homes. It hosted the Eighth Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee, also known as the Mount Lu Conference or "Plenum", which began on 23 July and convened on 2 August 1959. Kuling also hosted the Second Plenum of the Ninth Central Committee in August 1970.

The movieRomance on Lushan Mountain, which has been shown in the Mount Lu theatre non-stop since 1980, was recognised byGuinness World Records as the longest-running movie in theatres. Each ticket sold to this movie is numbered according to ticket sales to date. As of May 2006, this number was close to 140 million tickets.^{[citation needed]}

• Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973) won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her descriptions of peasant life in China. She was the first American woman to win. She also won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932. She spent her childhood with her family in Kuling in summertime. Her father built a stone villa in Kuling in 1897 and lived there until his death in 1931.^[7][8]

• Mervyn Peake (1911–1968) was born in Kuling, Mount Lu. He was an English writer, artist, poet, and illustrator. He was well-known for being the illustrator ofAlice's Adventures in Wonderland^[9] and the author of theGormenghast series of novels.

• Lo-Yi Chang (1907–1988) was born in Kuling. She was the spouse ofT. V. Soong, then Premier of the Republic of China. She has made significant contributions of promoting interculture understandings between China and western countries.^[10]

• Lushan City
• Township-level divisions of Jiangxi

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