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Крокодил

The Unexpected Appendix. The cover of the first issue ofKrokodil byIvan Malyutin.
Categories	Satire andhumour
Frequency	3 issues per month
Publisher	Rabochaya Gazeta,Pravda
Founded	1922
First issue	27 August 1922
Final issue	2008
Country	Soviet Union Russia
Based in	Moscow
Language	Russian
ISSN	0130-2671

Krokodil (Russian:Крокодил,IPA:[krəkɐˈdʲil]^ⓘ,lit. 'crocodile') was asatirical magazine published in theSoviet Union. The first issue was published on 27 August 1922^[1] as the satirical supplement to theWorkers' Gazette (called simply «Приложения» [Supplement]).^[2][3] When it became a separate publication, the nameCrocodile was chosen at an editorial meeting from among a list of suggested animal names.^[4] At that time, many satirical magazines existed, such asZanoza andProzhektor. Nearly all of them eventually disappeared.

Krokodil was founded in 1922, first as a supplement toRabochaya Gazeta ('Workers' Newspaper'), and was published once a week. Althoughpolitical satire was dangerous during much of theSoviet period,^{[citation needed]}Krokodil was given considerable license to lampoon political figures and events. Typical and safe topics for lampooning in the Soviet era were the lack of initiative and imagination promoted by the style of an average Soviet middle-bureaucrat and the problems produced by drinking on the job by Soviet workers.Krokodil also ridiculed capitalist countries and attacked various political, ethnic and religious groups that allegedly opposed the Soviet system.

Many notable persons contributed to the magazine, includingVladimir Mayakovsky,Mikhail Zoshchenko,Kukriniksy, andYuliy Ganf.

Similar magazines existed in all theUnion republics, and in several ASSRs and in other states of the Soviet bloc, e.g.Starshel ("Wasp") inBulgaria,Eulenspiegel inEast Germany,Urzica ("The Nettle") inRomania,Dikobraz ("Porcupine") inCzechoslovakia, andSzpilki ("Pins") in Poland.

Among thevocal compositions ofDmitri Shostakovich, who is known for his satirical character, there are5 Romances on texts from Krokodil Magazine (1965), taken from the section of the magazine where were published real-life nonsense texts.

After the 1991dissolution of the Soviet Union the magazine was discontinued (2000). It was reinstated in 2005 inRussia, issued monthly, headquartered inMoscow, and with editor-in-chiefSergei Mostovshchikov. The reinstated version, deliberately printed on old Soviet-style paper, ceased publication in 2008.

• Konstantin Eremeev (1922–23)
• Nikolay Smirnov (1924–27)
• Konstantin Maltsev (1927–28)
• Felix Kohn (1928–30)
• Nikolay Ivanov-Gramen (1928–30)
• Mikhail Manuilsky [ru] (1930–34)
• Mikhail Koltsov (1934–38)
• Yakov Rovinsky (1938–41)
• Lazar Lagin (1938–41)
• Grigory Ryklin (1941–48)
• Dmitry Belyaev (1948–53)
• Sergei Shvetsov (1953–58)
• Manuil Semyonov (1958–75)
• Evgeny Dubrovin (1975–85)
• Alexey Pyanov (1986–2000)
• Emil Bondarenko (since 2017)

• Molla Nasraddin, anAzerbaijani satirical periodical published in the early 20th century.

• John Etty,Graphic Satire in the Soviet Union: Krokodil's Political Cartoons, University Press of Mississippi, 2019,ISBN 978-1496821089
• Marian Pehowski,"Krokodil" Magazine: Laughter in the Soviet Union, July 1976, eric.ed.gov
• Paul Roth,Die Karikatur in Rußland in spätsowjetischer und nachsowjetischer Zeit (1985-1995) (Sonderveröffentlichung / BIOst, April 1996). Köln: Bundesinstitut für ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien.

• Media related toKrokodil at Wikimedia Commons
• Archive 1922-2008 at croco.uno
• Archive 1935-1991 at journal-club.ru
• Krokodil at propagandahistory.ru
• Krokodil at britannica.com

• 1922 establishments in Russia
• 2006 disestablishments in Russia
• Magazines established in 1922
• Magazines disestablished in 2008
• Magazines published in Moscow
• Satirical magazines published in Russia
• Russian humour
• Magazines published in the Soviet Union
• Defunct Russian-language magazines

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