Kretinga | |
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City | |
 Aerial view of Kretinga  Kretinga Museum, formerly manor  Evangelical Lutheran Church  Bernardine Monastery Pond | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Kretinga Location of Kretinga | |
| Coordinates:55°53′24″N21°14′32″E / 55.89000°N 21.24222°E /55.89000; 21.24222 | |
| Country |  Lithuania |
| Ethnographic region | Samogitia |
| County |  Klaipėda County |
| Municipality | Kretinga district municipality |
| Eldership | Kretinga town eldership |
| Capital of | Kretinga district municipality Kretinga town eldership Kretinga rural eldership |
| First mentioned | 1253 |
| Grantedmunicipal rights | 1607 |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 16,996[1] |
| Demonym(s) | Kretingian(s) (English), kretingiečiai orkretingiškiai (Lithuanian) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Kretinga (Yiddish: קרעטינגע) is acity inKlaipėda County, in north-westernLithuania.[1] It is the capital of theKretinga District Municipality.[1] It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the popular Baltic Sea resort town ofPalanga, and about 21 km (13 mi) north of Lithuania's 3rd largest city and principal seaport,Klaipėda.[1]
The population was listed as 16,996 in the 2022 census.[1] It is the 6th largest town in the ethnographic region ofSamogitia and the 17th largest town in Lithuania.
Kretinga is one of the oldest known towns in Lithuania. It was first mentioned in 1253 as castle ofCretyn under the charter of Bishop Heinrich ofCourland.[2]
In 1602,Jan Karol Chodkiewicz built the first wooden church in Kretinga and established aBenedictine monastery, which became a great success. After about ten years a new brick church with an impressiveorgan was built. In 1610 a church school was opened.
In 1609, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz announced that he would establish a new settlement next to the old village and would grant the new boroughMagdeburg rights. The new borough adopted acoat of arms depicting theBlessed Virgin Mary with the Infant Jesus in her arms. Kretinga's patron saint remains the Blessed Virgin.[3]
In 1621, theSapieha family gained control of the city; they changed its coat of arms to representSaint Casimir. In 1659 and 1710 the church and monastery were destroyed by Swedish armies. The Sapieha family helped to rebuild and improve it.
In 1720, the town came under the jurisdiction of the Massalski family.Ignacy Jakub Massalski opened auniversity preparatory school in 1774. The town lost itsmunicipal rights after thepartitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The town prospered during the 19th century as part of theRussian Empire. In 1882 the first telephone line in Lithuania connected Kretinga withPlungė andRietavas. In 1875, Count Tiškevičius decided to establish his family estate in Kretinga; he purchased and rebuilt an old palace. Following the fashions of the Victorian era, the family landscaped it lavishly and built a greenhouse featuring exotic flowering plants and tropical fruits. In 1890 they installed electricity in the Manor House.
DuringWorld War I, the Germans built a railway line connecting Bajorai,[4] Kretinga, and the Latvian city ofPriekule. In 1924 Kretinga regained its municipal rights. During theinterwar period, the village of Kretingsodis, on the other side of the Akmena River, was incorporated into the borough. Kretinga gained greater importance after another railway line was built in 1932 that connected it toŠiauliai.
During the firstSoviet occupation, under theMolotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a reign of terror resulted in local residents being arrested and, in some cases, executed without trial or deported toSiberia. A local lawyer,Vladas Petronaitis, was arrested and ultimately tortured to death by the Soviet intelligence agency.
After the outbreak of theWorld War II, Kretinga's city centre was bombarded and burned down.[1] During World War II, the Nazi occupation saw the elimination of Kretinga's Jewish population. In June 1941, German forces and Lithuanian collaborators took about 200 Jewish men and some Lithuanian communist activists to a forest outside the town and shot them in pits that some of the Jewish men had been forced to dig. Several more mass shootings including women and children took place in July at the Kretinga Jewish cemetery.[5] As in neighbouringPalanga, local Lithuanian nationalists volunteered to assist in the killing of Jewish citizens as soon as the German army and police units had arrived.[6][7]
The Soviet occupation in 1945, led to further reductions in the population as refugees fled to the west and many of those trapped weredeported to Siberia.
The local economy stagnated under Soviet occupation, which forciblycollectivized the farms in the area; it became an economic backwater.
Since Lithuania's independence in 1990, the town has made a recovery; it has much to offer by way of history and art. Kretinga hosts folk music festivals, theatricals, the Kretinga Festival, celebrations on Midsummer Night's Eve (Joninės) and Mardi Gras (Užgavėnės), and a Manorial Feast. TheManor House is now a museum housing artistic and archeological collections and a restaurant in the adjacent greenhouse, called "The Winter Garden". ACambriangeothermal reservoir underlies the area, and the Vydmantai powerplant exploiting this resource is being built nearby.[8]
In 1980Kretinga Jurgis Pabrėža gymnasium was founded, which cooperates with many Lithuanian universities.[9][10]
Blankenfelde-Mahlow, Germany
Bornholm, DenmarkGribskov, DenmarkMärkisch-Oderland (district), Germany
Osby, Sweden
Viljandi, Estonia
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