Kremsmünster | |
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 Coat of arms | |
  Kremsmünster Location within Austria | |
| Coordinates:48°03′18″N14°07′51″E / 48.05500°N 14.13083°E /48.05500; 14.13083 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Upper Austria |
| District | Kirchdorf an der Krems |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Gerhard Obernberger (ÖVP) |
| Area | |
• Total | 42.12 km2 (16.26 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 384 m (1,260 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01)[2] | |
• Total | 6,585 |
| • Density | 156.3/km2 (404.9/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 4550 |
| Area code | 07583 |
| Vehicle registration | KI |
| Website | www.kremsmuenster.at |
Kremsmünster is a town inKirchdorf an der Krems District, in theAustrian state ofUpper Austria. Settled in 777, it is home to theKremsmünster Abbey.
The Abbey was founded 777 by DukeTassilo III of Bavaria and is one of the oldest abbeys of central Europe. On a strikingice-age terrace above the town, it dominates the whole Krems valley. The monks (Order of Saint Benedict), lead a famousgymnasium which has existed since 1549, and an astronomical and geophysicalobservatory ("Mathematical tower"). The First Slovak Republic ceased to exist here when the exiled Slovak government capitulated to GeneralWalton Walker leading theXX Corps of the3rd US Army on 8 May 1945.
Kremsmünster is a traditional place of culture,astronomy and natural science. For instance,Placidus Fixlmillner (1721–1791), the first astronomer to compute the orbit of Uranus, was born and lived in Kremsmünster.
The observation tower itself (built 1749–1756) represents the firsthigh-rise of Europe. In this vicinity the eldestgeomagnetism station of the world was established, and also the firstweather station ofAustria-Hungary.
The nearbyGusterberg (450 m) is thefundamental point of the formernational survey of Upper Austria. Anobservation tower at the summit marks the geoscientific importance of the mountain. It is also crossed by theMeridian arcGroßenhain-Kremsmünster-Pola, an 800 kmtriangulation which was measured in the 19th century to determine the alpine curvature of thegeoid.
Besides schools and the baroque library, Kremsmünster also has some institutions ofadult education, e.g.Subiaco forSpiritual Exercises and aVocational school. The castleKremsegg houses a special museum of music instruments.
The monasterylibrary (built 1680–1689 by Carlone) contains about 160,000 volumes. Among the 1,700manuscripts is theCodex Millenarius, aGospel Book written around 800 inMondsee Abbey.
The showpiece of the monastery's treasury is theTassilo Chalice of about 770, created in copper and silver and holding 1.8 litres. It is still used in religious services, e.g. atEaster.
Architecture outside the monastery:
The Climate of Kremsmünster is continental, classified asDfb inKöppen climate classification andDc inTrewartha climate classification. The weather is warm and wet during summers and cold and snowy during winters.
Kremsmünster's climate in the 1991-2020 period has been warmer and wetter than the 1961-1990 period.
| Climate data for Kremsmünster(1991-2020, Extremes 1961-2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) | 20.3 (68.5) | 23.7 (74.7) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 36.0 (96.8) | 36.3 (97.3) | 36.4 (97.5) | 34.6 (94.3) | 26.3 (79.3) | 23.6 (74.5) | 14.5 (58.1) | 36.4 (97.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) | 4.9 (40.8) | 9.6 (49.3) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.5 (67.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.8 (76.6) | 24.5 (76.1) | 19.8 (67.6) | 13.4 (56.1) | 7.3 (45.1) | 3.0 (37.4) | 14.1 (57.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) | 1.3 (34.3) | 5.7 (42.3) | 10.6 (51.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 18.6 (65.5) | 20.3 (68.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 15.2 (59.4) | 10.1 (50.2) | 4.7 (40.5) | 0.7 (33.3) | 10.2 (50.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) | −2.1 (28.2) | 1.4 (34.5) | 5.4 (41.7) | 9.5 (49.1) | 13.4 (56.1) | 14.4 (57.9) | 14.3 (57.7) | 10.7 (51.3) | 6.3 (43.3) | 2.2 (36.0) | −1.6 (29.1) | 5.9 (42.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.4 (−13.7) | −19.8 (−3.6) | −19.3 (−2.7) | −4.3 (24.3) | −1.3 (29.7) | 2.2 (36.0) | 6.6 (43.9) | 6.2 (43.2) | 1.0 (33.8) | −5.6 (21.9) | −12.5 (9.5) | −20.0 (−4.0) | −25.4 (−13.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 66.2 (2.61) | 54.2 (2.13) | 96.6 (3.80) | 61.6 (2.43) | 113.0 (4.45) | 124.9 (4.92) | 126.0 (4.96) | 119.4 (4.70) | 94.8 (3.73) | 71.2 (2.80) | 66.9 (2.63) | 69.9 (2.75) | 1,064.7 (41.91) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.1 | 9.9 | 12.4 | 9 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 13 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 12 | 134 |
| Source:NOAA,[3] DWD[4] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Kremsmünster, Oberösterreich (1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 3.4 (38.1) | 8.5 (47.3) | 13.1 (55.6) | 18.8 (65.8) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.4 (74.1) | 18.8 (65.8) | 12.9 (55.2) | 6.0 (42.8) | 2.7 (36.9) | 12.8 (55.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) | 0.1 (32.2) | 4.0 (39.2) | 8.7 (47.7) | 13.2 (55.8) | 16.4 (61.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.7 (63.9) | 14.6 (58.3) | 9.3 (48.7) | 3.5 (38.3) | −0.4 (31.3) | 8.6 (47.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) | −2.4 (27.7) | 1.0 (33.8) | 4.3 (39.7) | 9.1 (48.4) | 12.0 (53.6) | 13.9 (57.0) | 13.8 (56.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 1.1 (34.0) | −2.0 (28.4) | 5.3 (41.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 61.0 (2.40) | 57.0 (2.24) | 64.0 (2.52) | 76.0 (2.99) | 96.0 (3.78) | 114.0 (4.49) | 126.0 (4.96) | 105.0 (4.13) | 77.0 (3.03) | 58.0 (2.28) | 68.0 (2.68) | 65.0 (2.56) | 967 (38.06) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 135 |
| Average afternoonrelative humidity (%)(at 14:00) | 80 | 74 | 64 | 58 | 57 | 59 | 57 | 59 | 65 | 72 | 79 | 81 | 67 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 46.5 | 79.1 | 124 | 159 | 204.6 | 207 | 232.5 | 213.9 | 159 | 114.7 | 54 | 40.3 | 1,634.6 |
| Mean dailysunshine hours | 1.5 | 2.8 | 4 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 4.5 |
| Source:Deutscher Wetterdienst[4] | |||||||||||||
Kremsmünster is also a place of modern technology with about 3,000 employees (62% of them in production), e.g. in
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