Krasnaya Polyana Красная Поляна | |
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 General view of the Krasnaya Polyana from thePsekhako Ridge. In the foreground is a mountain Olympic village. | |
 Interactive map of Krasnaya Polyana | |
.svg)  Krasnaya Polyana Location of Krasnaya Polyana Show map of Krasnodar Krai.svg) Krasnaya Polyana Krasnaya Polyana (European Russia) Show map of European Russia Krasnaya Polyana Krasnaya Polyana (Europe) Show map of Europe | |
| Coordinates:43°40′43″N40°12′19″E / 43.67861°N 40.20528°E /43.67861; 40.20528 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Krasnodar Krai |
| Settlement okrugSelsoviet | Krasnopolyansky Settlement Okrug |
| Founded | 1869 |
| Urban-type settlement status since | 1950 |
| Elevation | 533 m (1,749 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 4,598 |
• Estimate (2013) | 4,666 |
| • Subordinated to | City of Sochi |
| • Capital of | Krasnopolyansky Settlement Okrug |
| • Urban okrug | Sochi Urban Okrug |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [2]) |
| Postal code[3] | 354392 |
| Dialing code | +7 8622[4] |
| OKTMO ID | 03726000056 |
Krasnaya Polyana (Russian:Кра́сная Поля́на,IPA:[ˈkrasnəjəpɐˈlʲanə];Abkhaz:Гәбаадәы,Gwbaadwy;Adyghe:Ӏаткъуадж,‘atquaj,Greek:Κράσναγια Πολιάνα) is anurban locality (anurban-type settlement) in KrasnopolyanskySettlement Okrug, which is under the administrative jurisdiction ofAdlersky City District of theCity ofSochi inKrasnodar Krai,Russia. Population:4,598 (2010 census);[1]3,969 (2002 census);[5]3,300 (1989 Soviet census).[6]
Located in theWestern Caucasus, it is home to the newRosa Khutoralpineski resort, with a baseelevation of 560 meters (1,840 ft) along theMzymta River, 39 kilometers (24 mi) from its influx into theBlack Sea inAdlersky City District of Sochi. The lift-served summit climbs to 2,320 meters (7,610 ft), giving a vertical drop of over a mile at 1,760 meters (5,770 ft). The resort hosted the Alpine and Nordic events of the2014 Winter Olympics inSochi, having previously hostedWorld Cup alpine events from February2012, two years earlier.[citation needed]
Krasnaya Polyana is set against the scenic backdrop of theCaucasus Mountains, which exceed 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) inelevation, at a distance of 67 kilometers (42 mi) from the center of Sochi by road and 40 kilometers (25 mi) from theAdler-Sochi International Airport. The settlement has been plagued by transport problems: in order to improve this for the2014 Winter Olympics, a railway line was built, connecting the area with the airport,Sochi Olympic Village, and central Sochi.
The name "Krasnaya Polyana" (lit.Red Glade) was given by the Greek settlers in 1878 because of the thick overgrowth offern, the leaves of which had a reddish-brown color in fall.[7] Walter Richmond, a historian of theCircassian genocide, notes that Krasnaya Polyana was named after the last stand by the Abkhaz Akhchipsou tribe, of whom many were killed there in 1864.[8]
Although the vicinity is rich in prehistoricdolmens and contains ruins of about twenty medieval forts, the settlement first appears in recorded history in 1835, when a Russian spy, BaronFyodor Tornau, visited theSadzAbkhazian village ofArtquaj in the guise of aCircassian mountaineer. Having spent several days in the village, he recorded his observations in a journal.[citation needed]
By the 1860s, the village was known asKbaade and became populated with theAkhchipsou branch of theSadz.[citation needed] In 1864, the area was the scene, significant inCircassian history, of the last battles of theRussian–Circassian War.[citation needed] The village was the site of a massacre, where Russian forcesslaughtered the disarmed Circassians, and their families, as they attempted to retreat.[9] The hill the village was located on has since been known asKrasnaya Polyana orRed Hill, due to the blood split there.[9] The abandonedaul was replaced with the new settlement of Krasnaya Polyana in 1869.[citation needed]
On June 19, 1899, Krasnaya Polyana was visited by an official commission underNikolay Abaza, with a view to transforming it into Tsarskaya Polyana,Nicholas II's hunting ground in theWestern Caucasus. A royal hunting lodge was erected in 1901, followed by thechalets of CountsSheremetev andBobrinsky, among other nobles and high-placed dignitaries. Although it was never visited by the Tsar, the village was renamedRomanovsk (Романовск), after theruling imperial dynasty.[citation needed]
Following theOctober Revolution of 1917, the retreat reverted to its former name and status and gradually dwindled into obscurity. The proximity to Sochi, the "summer capital" of Russia, eventually revived its fortunes in the last quarter of the 20th century, when it achieved a modicum of popularity across the formerSoviet Union, despite limited hotel capabilities and installations, and difficulty of access through narrow mountain passes.[citation needed]
| Climate data for Krasnaya Polyana (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.4 (72.3) | 27.8 (82.0) | 35.6 (96.1) | 33.4 (92.1) | 35.7 (96.3) | 38.5 (101.3) | 35.9 (96.6) | 35.6 (96.1) | 30.8 (87.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) | 7.3 (45.1) | 10.9 (51.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.0 (69.8) | 24.5 (76.1) | 27.1 (80.8) | 27.6 (81.7) | 23.4 (74.1) | 18.4 (65.1) | 12.6 (54.7) | 7.2 (45.0) | 16.8 (62.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) | 2.1 (35.8) | 5.1 (41.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.3 (64.9) | 20.9 (69.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 16.8 (62.2) | 12.1 (53.8) | 6.6 (43.9) | 2.8 (37.0) | 11.0 (51.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) | −1.1 (30.0) | 1.5 (34.7) | 5.5 (41.9) | 9.8 (49.6) | 13.4 (56.1) | 15.8 (60.4) | 15.8 (60.4) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.8 (46.0) | 3.1 (37.6) | 0.2 (32.4) | 6.9 (44.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.5 (−8.5) | −18.1 (−0.6) | −15.6 (3.9) | −10.6 (12.9) | −0.4 (31.3) | 2.6 (36.7) | 7.7 (45.9) | 5.2 (41.4) | −1.0 (30.2) | −6.1 (21.0) | −13.2 (8.2) | −15.3 (4.5) | −22.5 (−8.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 200 (7.9) | 170 (6.7) | 182 (7.2) | 141 (5.6) | 145 (5.7) | 119 (4.7) | 103 (4.1) | 99 (3.9) | 144 (5.7) | 206 (8.1) | 205 (8.1) | 216 (8.5) | 1,930 (76.2) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[10] | |||||||||||||
The economic activity in the village is based on serving tourists and visitors in winter and summer. Krasnaya Polyana is a skiing and snowboarding center.
Territorial divisions ofSochi | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1Tsentralny city district |  | |
| 2Khostinsky city district | ||
| 3Lazarevsky city district | ||
| 4Adlersky city district | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
