During the Russian invasion, which began on 24 February, Russian forces entered Ukraine with the goal of assisting theseparatist People's Republics ofDonetsk andLuhansk in seizing the portions ofDonetsk andLuhansk oblasts that were still controlled by the Ukrainian government. The soldiers of theArmed Forces of Ukraine stationed inSloviansk and Kramatorsk played a key role in resisting the Russian offensive.[9]
On the night of 7 April, pro-RussianTelegram channel ZАПИСКИ VЕТЕРАНА ("Veteran's Notes") warned civilians not to evacuate fromSloviansk and Kramatorsk on railways.[10][11] At around 10:10 the next morning, shortly before the bombing of the railway station in Kramatorsk, the Russian Ministry of Defence announced that they had hit railway stations in Sloviansk,Pokrovsk, andBarvinkove with "high-precision air-based missiles".[12][13][14]
Attack
Debris from one of the missiles, with the railway station visible in the background. The top half of the inscriptionЗА ДЕТЕЙ ("[in revenge] for the children") is visible.
According to the Ukrainian government, between 1000 and 4000 civilians, mainly women and children, were present at the station awaiting evacuation from the region, which was being subjected to heavy Russian shelling.[15][16]
At 10:24 and 10:25, media affiliated with the People's Republic of Donetsk published videos showing a pair of missiles being launched fromShakhtarsk, a city underseparatist control.[17] At approximately 10:30, two missiles hit near the railway station building in Kramatorsk,[18] and the first reports were published in Ukrainian media at around 10:45.[17]
AWorld Central Kitchenaid worker who witnessed the attack in Kramatorsk said that he had heard "between five and ten explosions".[15] Reports described the scene as extremely bloody, with several people losing limbs from the explosions. Victims' bodies were strewn around amid abandoned luggage.[9][19]
The remnants of one of the missiles had the Russian wordsЗА ДЕТЕЙ (za detey), meaning "[in revenge] for the children", painted in white on its outside.[21] It also bore serial number Ш91579, which investigators said could potentially help trace it back to its original arsenal.[22][23]
Responses
Emergency services at the scene of the incident.
Michelle Bachelet,United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said that the attack "is emblematic of the failure to adhere to the principle of distinction, the prohibition of indiscriminate attacks and the principle of precaution enshrined in international humanitarian law".[24]
Dunja Mijatović,Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, said that the "strike on a densely populated urban area of Ukraine is yet another demonstration of the blatant disregard for civilian life, which has by now sadly become a steady feature of this military aggression".[25]
United Nations Secretary-GeneralAntónio Guterres described the missile strike as "completely unacceptable".[30]
Oleksandr Kamyshin, chairman ofUkrainian Railways, described the event as being a "targeted blow to the passenger infrastructure of the railway and the residents of the city of Kramatorsk".[31] TheSecurity Service of Ukraine opened criminal proceedings under Article 438 of the Criminal Code.[32]
Royal United Services Institute analyst Justin Bronk said that Russia aimed to damage Ukrainian transport infrastructure to make it difficult for Ukrainian forces to move around Donbas. He also suggested that Russia opted for the Tochka-U missile type due to its use by the Ukrainian army, in order to "muddy the waters".[29]The Pentagon highlighted Russian responsibility for the attack, as well as the strategic importance of the railway junction.[33][34]
Response by Russia and its supporters
Initially, Russian state media and pro-Russian telegram channels[35][36] claimed successful Russian airstrikes on a military transport target in Kramatorsk. After it became clear that the missiles had killed civilians, however, earlier reports were redacted, the Russian government denied responsibility for the attack, and theRussian Ministry of Defence characterized it as a Ukrainian hoax.[35][37] The Russian Ministry of Defence claimed that the missiles were launched by Ukrainian forces from the city ofDobropillia, southwest of Kramatorsk.[38][13]
Russian media also said that the serial number of the missile was in the same range as one used by Ukrainian forces. Serial numbers cannot be used to prove which side fired the missile, however, since all Tochka-U's were manufactured at asingle site in Russia and distributed from there across the Soviet Union. As a result, there was, for example, a close serial number match between a Tochka-U used by Russia in Syria and one used by Ukraine inSnizhne.[39][40][41] Moreover, both Russia and Ukraine have made extensive use of munitions captured from the other side.[42][43]
A fake video clip with a mock BBC logo, attributing blame to the Ukrainian forces, circulated through pro-Russian telegram channels since 10 April. The video was also aired on Russian state television. The BBC has not produced any such video.[44][45]
Assessment of the Russian response
The Russian Ministry of Defense claimed that their forces no longer use Tochka-U missiles. However,Amnesty International, the investigative journalists of theConflict Intelligence Team, and a number of military experts had already reported the use of Tochkas by Russian forces in multiple parts of Ukraine prior to the strike on Kramatorsk.[46] Moreover, investigators from the open-sourceBelarusian Hajun project had published videos of several Russian trucks with Tochka missiles heading from Belarus to Ukraine with 'V' markings on 5 and 30 March 2022.[47] TheInstitute for the Study of War assessed that the Russian8th Combined Arms Army, which is active in theDonbas area, is equipped with Tochka-U missiles.[48] Russian news reports and social media footage showed the 47th Missile Brigade, part of Russia's 8th Combined Arms Army, displaying Tochka-U missiles at public events in 2021, including at theVictory Day parade inKrasnodar.[49]
On 14 April,Bellingcat stated that open source evidence remained insufficient to establish the direction from which the missile had been fired.[23]
On 18 April,PolitiFact assessed the possibility of the incident being afalse flag, concluding that "there's no credible evidence that Ukraine was behind the April 8 attack at the Kramatorsk train station."[50]
^"Impossible Choices in the Battle for the Donbas". The Atlantic. 24 April 2022.Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved1 May 2022.The risks of evacuation, safer though it may be than staying, were underlined by a Russian strike on a train station in Kramatorsk,
^"RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 8". Institute for the Study of War. 8 April 2022.Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved1 May 2022.A Russian Tochka-U missile struck a civilian evacuation point at the Kramatorsk rail station in eastern Ukraine, killing at least 50 and wounding around a hundred evacuees.
^"Russia's Kramatorsk 'Facts' Versus the Evidence". Bellingcat. 14 April 2022.Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved19 April 2022.At the time of writing, the available open source evidence remains insufficient to reveal all details about the strike, including the direction of origin of the missile.
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