| Koshihikari | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Hybrid parentage | 'Nourin No.1' × 'Nourin No.22' |
| Subspecies | O. s. subsp. japonica |
| Cultivar group | temperate japonica |
| Cultivar | Nourin No.100 (Etsunan No.17) |
| Marketing names | Koshihikari |
| Origin | Japan, 1956 |
Koshihikari (Japanese:コシヒカリ, 越光,Hepburn:Koshihikari) is a popular cultivar ofJaponica rice cultivated inJapan as well asAustralia and theUnited States.
Koshihikari was first created in 1956 by combining 2 different strains ofNourin No.1 andNourin No.22 at theFukui Prefectural Agricultural Research Facility. It is one of the most highly grown varieties of rice inJapan[1] and is exported to other countries as a premium product.[2]
As of 2008,Koshihikari BL accounted for 97% of Koshihikari production inNiigata Prefecture, the largest rice-growing region in Japan.[3]
Thecharacter forkoshi (越) is used to represent the oldKoshi Province, which stretched from present-dayFukui toYamagata.Koshihikari can be translated as "the light of Koshi".[4]
Niigata Prefecture has developed a series of Koshihikari varieties withblast disease resistance genes introduced throughbackcrossing, and by crossing these varieties, the Koshihikari BL group was created with dramatically improved resistance to blast disease. Compared with the original Koshihikari, Koshihikari BL reduces the incidence of rice blast to one-tenth and the use of agricultural chemicals by 25%.[3]
Niigata Prefecture began developing a group of varieties that improved Koshihikari for rice blast resistance in 1986, and registered Koshihikari Niigata BL No. 1 to No. 3 in 2000 and Koshihikari Niigata BL No. 4 in 2002, with production starting in 2005.[5] Under the Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act (ja), these varieties and seed names are registered as Koshihikari Niigata BL, but as milled product names they are marketed simply as Koshihikari.[6]
As of 2023, Niigata Prefecture has registered Koshihikari Niigata BL Nos. 1 to 6 and 9 to 13 under the Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act, with BL Nos. 4 and 13 each accounting for 35% of production, BL No. 2 accounting for 20%, and BL No. 1 accounting for 10%.[7]
Other rice varieties close to its strains, such asAkitakomachi (ja),Hitomebore (ja), andHinohikari (ja) were subsequently created by cross-breedingKoshihikari with other Japanese varieties of rice.[8]
