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| Koothu | |
|---|---|
 Performers mask of Narashima character, circa 1700–1750 | |
| Stylistic origins | Ancient Tamil music,Dance forms of Tamil Nadu |
| Cultural origins | 200 BCE – 200 CE,Tamilakam |
Koothu orTherukoothu (jwalith), is an ancient art, where artists play songs with dance and music in storytelling the epics, performed inTamil; it is a folk art originated from the earlyTamil country.[1][2] More precisely Koothu refers to eitherTerukuttu orKattaikkuttu. The terms Terukkuttu and Kattaikkuttu are often used interchangeably in modern times; however, historically, the two terms appear to have distinguished, at least in certain villages, between two different kinds of performance: while Terukkuttu referred to mobile performances in a procession, Kattaikkuttu denotes overnight, narrative performances at a fixed performance space. Koothu as a form of entertainment reached its peak hundreds of years ago inTamil Nadu,[3] as mentioned in theSangam texts about the development of iyal (literature), isai (music) and natagam (drama). Going beyond just a means of entertainment, koothu educates the rural people about religion and their history.[4]
Koothu is an informal dance structure, in which performances generally depict scenes from ancient epics such asRamayana,Mahabharata and Tamil classical epics. There is traditionally no spoken dialogue, only songs. Artists are trained to sing in their own voice and in a high pitch to reach the entire crowd, since no amplification technology is used. The artists are dressed up with complex heavy costumes and have a very bright elaborated makeup. They put on towering head dresses, sparkling shoulder plates and wide colorful skirts. Traditionally, this theatre form has been predominantly male, though in modern times more females have been included (for example Girl's Theatre at the Kattaikkuttu Gurukulam).
Types of koothu[5] include Nattu Koothu, Kuravai Koothu, and Valli Koorhu, which are about the state and culture of different peoples in Tamil country; Samaya Koothu showcases religious topics, while Porkaala Koothu, Pei Koothu, and Thunangai Koothu are focused on the martial arts and war of the country. Another important art form Chakyar Koothu, is very popular in Kerala. There is mention of this koothu inSilappatikaram.
In the past years, there were no formal training institutions, schools ornattuvanar (teacher) for koothu. Now, to encourage the dying art, there are some workshops for koothu calledkoothu pattarai, and also some dedicated schools (for example Kattaikkuttu Gurukulam).
Koothu eventually spread from Tamil Nadu into most of South India, particularly Karnataka and Kerala. It is very popular in rural areas and has remained relatively unchanged even in modern times.
The deity at theThillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram is known from theSangam period as "Thillai Koothan", the cosmic dancer of Thillai; the Sanskrit translation of this isNataraja.
As Tamils migrated abroad to different areas such asMauritius,Réunion,Guyana, Malaya, South Africa,Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Jamaica, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, andMartinique, they took this koothu dance form to their new settlements, thereby promoting its growth universally.[citation needed]
In Fiji, Therukootu is also known as Tirikutu.[citation needed]
Fijians born of Southern Indian descent that have immigrated to WesternCanada and parts ofUnited States have also carried the traditional dance over, performing it atHindu Temples (Mandirs) and other community venues in city's likeEdmonton,Calgary andVancouver.
The first known Tirikutu to be performed in North America was held inCalgary during the winter of 1993 by a team called "AM & Party" (founded inEdmonton). They would successfully finish their debut show "Bhishma Sandai" at a community hall but unfortunately get into an accident driving their tour bus back toEdmonton onAlberta Highway 2, the team was rescued via helicopter but no other details have been made clear to the public surrounding this incident. They would make a return in 1994 performing for the first time at Vishnu Mandir inEdmonton and then returning toCalgary in 1995 for their performance of "Gambhirasura", footage of this Tirikutu would be uploaded to YouTube by "Tamil Nadagam Edmonton" on June 5, 2022.
"Tamil Nadagam Edmonton" was founded in 2011 in support of a combined Tirikutu team consisting of members from "AM & Party" and surrounding groups fromCanada and theUnited States. This team is still actively performing today with their last performance being inEdmonton at Vishnu Mandir in March of 2022.