| Konyak | |
|---|---|
| Native to | India,Myanmar |
| Ethnicity | Konyak |
Native speakers | 246,000 (2011)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nbe |
| Glottolog | kony1248 |
| ELP | Konyak Naga |
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Konyak is aSino-Tibetan language spoken by theKonyak people in the state ofNagaland, north-eastern India. It is written using the Latin script.
The language has 244,000 speakers in the state (as of the 2011 census); most of these (237,000) are inMon district, with smaller populations in the districts ofDimapur (2,900),Kohima (2,000),Mokokchung (1,100), andLongleng (900).[2] There are also an estimated 2,000 speakers in neighbouring Myanmar, specifically inHkamti District and inLahe township.[1]
A list of Konyak dialects from Hoipo Konyak (2021:5) is given below.[3]
Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Konyak.
Tableng is the standard dialect spoken in Wanching and Wakching.
There are three lexically contrastivecontour tones in Konyak – rising (marked in writing by an acute accent – á), falling (marked by a grave accent – à) and level (unmarked).[5]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
The vowels/a/,/o/ and/u/ are lengthened beforeapproximants./ə/ does not occur finally.
| Bilabial | Dental/ Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p pʰ | t̪ | c | k kʰ | ʔ |
| Nasal | m | n̪ | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Approximant | w | j |
Thestops/p/ and/k/ contrast with theaspirated/pʰ/ and/kʰ/./p/ and/c/ become voiced intervocalically acrossmorpheme boundaries. The dental/t/ is realised as analveolar if preceded by a vowel with a rising tone. Theapproximants/w/ and/j/ are pronouncedlaxer and shorter after vowels;/w/ becomes tenser initially before high vowels. If morpheme-initial or intervocalic,/j/ is pronounced with audible friction.[6]/pʰ/,/kʰ/,/c/,/ɲ/,/s/,/h/ and/l/ do not occur morpheme-finally, while/ʔ/ does not appear morpheme-initially. Except for morpheme-initial/kp/ and/kʰl/, consonant clusters occur only medially.[7]
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WesternHimalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| EasternHimalayas (Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo- Burmese border |
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| East andSoutheast Asia |
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| Dubious (possible isolates,Arunachal) |
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| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||