Kirad al-Ghannama كراد الغنامة | |
|---|---|
Village | |
.jpg) 1870s map.jpg) 1940s map.jpg) modern map.jpg) 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Kirad al-Ghannama (click the buttons) | |
  Kirad al-Ghannama Location withinMandatory Palestine | |
| Coordinates:33°01′18″N35°35′14″E / 33.02167°N 35.58722°E /33.02167; 35.58722 | |
| Palestine grid | 205/269 |
| Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdistrict | Safad |
| Date of depopulation | April 22, 1948[3] |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,975dunams (3.975 km2; 1.535 sq mi) |
| Population (1945) | |
• Total | 350[1][2] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Influence of nearby town's fall |
| Current Localities | Ayyelet ha-Shahar andGadot |
Kirad al-Ghannama was aPalestinianArab village in theSafad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 22, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion ofOperation Yiftach. It was located 11 km northeast ofSafad. Wadi Mushayrifa ran between the two Kirad villages (al-Ghannama and al-Baqqara) and Wadi Waqqas supplied the village with its water requirements.The village contained the following khirbas: Khirbat Nijmat al-Subh, Tall al-Qadah, and Tall al-Safa.
By the1931 censusArab Ghannameh had 265Muslims inhabitants, in a total of 54 houses.[4]
In the1945 statistics, its population was 350 Muslims,[2] and the total land area were 3,975 dunams.[1] Of this, 77 dunams were for citrus and bananas, 20 dunams were irrigated or used for plantations, 3,451 for cereals,[5] while 64 dunams were classified as urban land.[6]
After the1948 Palestine war, according to thearmistice agreements of 1949 Between Israel and Syria, it was determined that a string of villages, includingAl-NuqaybAl-Hamma,Al-Samra in theTiberias Subdistrict andKirad al-Baqqara and Kirad al-Ghannama further north in theSafad Subdistrict, would be included thedemilitarized zone (DMZ) between Israel andSyria. The villagers and their property were formally protected by Article V of the Israeli-Syrian agreement of 20 July that year.[7][8] However, Israel thought the villagers could pose a security threat, and Israeli settlers and settlement agencies coveted the land. Israel therefore wanted thePalestinian inhabitants, a total of 2,200 villagers, moved to Syria.[7]
In the spring of 1951, Israel decided to assert its sovereignty over the DMZ, including "the transfer of Arab civilians from the area.." On the night of the 30 March they forcibly transferred all the 800 inhabitants of Kirad al-Ghannama andKirad al-Baqqara toSha'ab.[9] AUnited Nations decision allowed the villagers to return, however, Israel pressured them to remain in Sha'ab. In spite of this, many of the villagers returned to their homes in the DMZ. In 1956 Israel expelled the two Khirad-villages again, and this time the sites were physically destroyed and ploughed over. Most of the villagers went to Syria, a few went back to Sha'ab.[10]
