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Kipunada

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Kushan Ruler

Kipunada
Kushan Ruler
Coin of Kipunada. Circa 335-350 CE. Obverse: Kipunada standing left, sacrificing over altar. To the right, name vertically inBrahmi script inmonogrammic form:Ki-pu-ṇa. Under the ruler's arm:Bacharnatha. Reverse:Ardoxsho enthroned facing, holding investiture garland andcornucopia.^[1]
Reign	335-350 CE^[2]
Coronation	335 CE
Predecessor	Shaka I
Successor	Kidarites
Born	297 CE
Burial	350 CE

Kushan emperors
30 CE–350 CE


Heraios	1–30 CE
Kujula Kadphises	50–90 CE
Vima Takto	90–113 CE
Vima Kadphises	113–127 CE
Kanishka I	127–151 CE
Huvishka	151–190 CE
Vasudeva I	190–230 CE
Kanishka II	230–247 CE
Vāsishka	247–267 CE
Kanishka III	267–270 CE
Vasudeva II	270–300 CE
Mahi	300–305 CE
Shaka	305–335 CE
Kipunada	335–350 CE

Kipunada (Brahmi script:Ki-pu-ṇa-dha), alsoKipanadha, was probably the last ruler of theKushan Empire around 335-350 CE.^[2] He is known for his gold coinage.^[3] He succeededShaka I. Kipunada was probably only a local ruler in the area stretching fromWaisa toTaxila, in northwesternPunjab, and he may have been a subject ofGupta EmperorSamudragupta.^[4]

Gupta and Kidarite successors

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The coins of Kipunada in Central and Western Punjab were followed by peculiar coins minted locally in Punjab, with the name "Samudra" on them (Gupta script:), presumably connected to theGupta Empire rulerSamudragupta.^[5]^[6] Soon after this, coinage was issued in Punjab byKidarite Hun rulers known asKirada,Peroz and then the famousKidara, who occupied the territory formerly held by the Kushans.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Local coin minted in thePunjab area with the name "Samudra" (Sa-mu-dra, under the king's left arm), presumablySamudragupta, immediately followed those of Kipunada.^[6]^[5]
The next coins were those ofKidarite Hun kings, starting withKirada (Ki-ra-da under the king's left arm), who ruled circa 350 CE.^[6]^[5]

Preceded by

Shaka I

Kushan Ruler
c. 335-350 CE [2]

Succeeded by

Gupta Empire/
Kidarites
(Kirada)

Kushan Empire
Emperors, territories and chronology

Territories/ dates	WesternIndia	WesternPakistan Balochistan	Paropamisadae Arachosia	Bajaur	Gandhara	Western Punjab	Eastern Punjab	Mathura
				INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGDOM			INDO-GREEK KINGDOM	INDO-SCYTHIAN Northern Satraps
25 BCE – 10 CE				Indo-Scythian dynasty of the APRACHARAJAS Vijayamitra (ruled 12 BCE – 15 CE)^{[t 1]}	Liaka Kusulaka Patika Kusulaka Zeionises	Kharahostes (ruled 10 BCE– 10 CE)^{[t 2]} Mujatria	Strato II andStrato III	Hagana
10-20CE		INDO-PARTHIAN KINGDOM Gondophares		Indravasu	INDO-PARTHIAN KINGDOM Gondophares		Rajuvula
20–30 CE			Ubouzanes Pakores	Vispavarma (ruledc. 0–20 CE)[t 3]	Sarpedones		Bhadayasa	Sodasa
30-40 CE			KUSHAN EMPIRE Kujula Kadphises (c. 50–90)[t 4]	Indravarma	Abdagases		...	...
40–45 CE				Aspavarma	Gadana		...	...
45–50 CE				Sasan	Sases		...	...
50–75 CE							...	...
75–100 CE	Indo-Scythian dynasty of the WESTERN SATRAPS Chastana		Vima Takto (c. 90–113)[t 4]				...	...
100–120 CE	Abhiraka		Vima Kadphises (c. 113–127)[t 4]
120 CE	Bhumaka Nahapana	PARATARAJAS Yolamira	Kanishka I (c. 127–151)[t 4]				Great SatrapKharapallana and SatrapVanaspara forKanishka I
130–230 CE	Jayadaman Rudradaman I Damajadasri I Jivadaman Rudrasimha I Isvaradatta Rudrasimha I Jivadaman Rudrasena I	Bagamira Arjuna Hvaramira Mirahvara	Huvishka (c. 151 – c. 190)[t 4] Vasudeva I (c. 190 – 230)[t 4]
230–250 CE	Samghadaman Damasena Damajadasri II Viradaman Yasodaman I Vijayasena Damajadasri III Rudrasena II Visvasimha	Miratakhma Kozana Bhimarjuna Koziya Datarvharna Datarvharna	KUSHANO-SASANIANS Ardashir I (c. 230 – 250) Ardashir II (?-245)	Kanishka II (c. 230 – 247)[t 4]
250–280		Miratakhma Kozana Bhimarjuna Koziya Datarvharna Datarvharna	Peroz I, "Kushanshah" (c. 250 – 265) Hormizd I, "Kushanshah" (c. 265 – 295)			Vāsishka (c. 247 – 267)[t 4] Kanishka III (c. 267 – 270)[t 4]
280–300	Bhratadarman	Datayola II	Hormizd II, "Kushanshah" (c. 295 – 300)			Vasudeva II (c. 267 – 300)[t 4]		GUPTA EMPIRE Chandragupta I Samudragupta Chandragupta II
300–320 CE	Visvasena Rudrasimha II Jivadaman		Peroz II, "Kushanshah" (c. 300 – 325)			Mahi (c. 300–305)[t 4] Shaka (c. 305 – 335)[t 4]
320–388 CE	Yasodaman II Rudradaman II Rudrasena III Simhasena Rudrasena IV		Varahran I (325–350) Shapur II Sassanid king and "Kushanshah" (c. 350)			Kipunada (c. 335 – 350)[t 4]
388–396 CE	Rudrasimha III		KIDARITES invasion
^From the dated inscription on theRukhana reliquary ^Richard Salomon (July–September 1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman".Journal of the American Oriental Society.116 (3): 418–452 [442].JSTOR 605147. ^Richard Salomon (1995) [Published online: 9 Aug 2010]. "A Kharosthī Reliquary Inscription of the Time of the Apraca Prince Visnuvarma".South Asian Studies.11 (1):27–32.doi:10.1080/02666030.1995.9628492. ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^mJongeward, David; Cribb, Joe (2014).Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan. p. 4.

Notes

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^CNG Coins
^^a ^b ^cCribb, Joe; Donovan, Peter (2014).Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan. p. 4.
^Heritage World Coin Auctions Long Beach Signature Auction Catalog #378. Ivy Press. May 2005. p. 15.ISBN 978-1-932899-79-5.
^Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017).From the Kushans to the Western Turks. p. 203.
^^a ^b ^c ^dCribb, Joe."The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf".Coins, Art and Chronology II, Edited by M. Alram et Al.: 101.
^^a ^b ^c ^d"In the Punjab the stylistic progression of the gold series from Kushan to Kidarite is clear: imitation staters were issued first in the name of Samudragupta, then by Kirada, 'Peroz' and finally Kidara" inErrington, Elizabeth; Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh (2007).From Persepolis to the Punjab: Exploring Ancient Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. British Museum Press. p. 88.ISBN 978-0-7141-1165-0.
^Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017).ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 85.ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.

External links

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Coins of late Kushan emperors

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