King ofLaos
Royal Coat of arms
Details
Style	His Royal Majesty
First monarch	Fa Ngum
Last monarch	Sisavang Vatthana
Formation	1353 (672 years ago) (1353)
Abolition	2 December 1975 (49 years ago) (1975-12-02)
Residence	Royal Palace,Luang Prabang
Appointer	Hereditary
Pretender	Soulivong Savang

TheLao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) is the modern state derived from the formerKingdom of Laos. The political source of Lao history and cultural identity is theLao kingdom ofLan Xang, which during its apogee emerged as one of the largest kingdoms inSoutheast Asia. Lao history is filled with frequent conflict and warfare, but infrequent scholarly attention. The resulting dates and references are approximate, and rely on source material from court chronicles which survived both war and neglect, or outside sources from competing neighboring kingdoms in what are nowChina,Vietnam,Burma,Thailand, andCambodia.

Lao kingship was based upon themandala system established by the example of KingAshoka. In theory, Lao kings and their successors were chosen by agreement of the king's Sena (a council which could include senior royal family members, ministers, generals and senior members of thesangha or clergy), through the validity the king's lineage, and by personalDharma through commitment to propagatingTheravada Buddhism (the king was literally aDharmaraja- as one who led by acts of religious virtue). Kingship was not based exclusively onprimogeniture ordivine right as was common in other monarchies.

The monarchy traces its lineage to ChaoFa Ngum, who founded the Kingdom ofLan Xang in 1353, and beyond that to the mythicalKhun Borom, who was held as the mythical father of the Tai peoples and the progenitor of theLao Loum, along with his eldest sonKhun Lo, who foundedMuang Sua and is said to be the ancestor of all Lao royal families.

Lan Xang endured as a politically unified entity for three hundred years (1353–1694), which was then split into the kingdoms ofVientiane,Luang Prabang, andChampasak, only to be reconstituted as a unified constitutional monarchy under a French protectorate in 1946. At various times the kingdomLan Xang fought off invasions fromBurma,Siam and theĐại Việt.

The traditional capital of Lan Xang was at Luang Prabang until it was moved in 1560 by KingSetthathirath to better administer the growing population and provide security in facing threats from Burma and Siam. Lan Xang entered a Golden Age during the reigns ofVisunarat (1501–1520) andSourigna Vongsa from (1637–94), during these times the cultural and economic power of the kingdom were at their greatest. In 1828 Vientiane was razed by the Siamese, in retaliation for theChao Anouvong Rebellion, at which point the kingdom of Vientiane ceased to exist. During the French Protectorate, Luang Prabang was reestablished as the cultural and religious capital, while the French rebuilt Vientiane as the country's administrative capital.

The following is a list ofLan Xang kings from the founding in 1353 byFa Ngum, to the succession disputes following the death ofSouligna Vongsa, and partition of the Kingdom in 1707.

Name	Portrait	Regnal Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Relationship with predecessors	Notes
Fa Ngum ພຣະເຈົ້າຟ້າງຸ້ມມະຫາຣາຊ		Somdetch Brhat-Anya Fa Ladhuraniya Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Maharaja Brhat Rajadharana Sri Chudhana Negara ສົມເດັດ ພຣະບາດ ອັນຍາ ຟ້າ ລັດທຸຣັນຍາ ສຣີ ຣາຊະທໍຣະນາ ສຣີ ສັດຕະນາ ນະຄອນ	1316 Muang Sua,Lan Xang	5 January 1353	1372	1373 Muang Nan,Nan Aged 57	Son of Khun Phi Fa	[1]
Samsenethai ສາມແສນໄທ (Oun Huan) ອຸ່ນເຮືອນ		Samdach Brhat-Anya Samu Sena Daya Daya Buvana Natha Adipati Sri Sadhana Kanayudha ສົມເດັຈພຣະຍາ ສາມແສນໄທ ໄຕຣ໌ພູວະນາທອາທິປັຕ ສຼີສັຕນາຄະນາຫຸທ	1357 Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1372	1416 Muang Sua,Lan Xang Aged 60		Son of Fa Ngum	[2]
Lan Kham Deng ພະເຈົ້າລ້ານຄຳແດງ		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Lamakamadinga	1387 Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1417	1428 Muang Sua,Lan Xang Aged 41		Son ofSamsenethai	[3]
Phommathat ພະຍາພົມມະທັດ		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Brahma-kumara Bhumadaraja	? Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1428	1429 Muang Sua,Lan Xang		Lan Kham Deng's oldest son	Reigned 10 months[citation needed]
Yukhon (Meunsai)		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Yugandhara	? Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1429	1430 Phadao,Lan Xang		Younger brother ofPhommathat	Reigned 8 months[4]
Khon Kham		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Kunikama	? Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1430	1432 Kokrua,Lan Xang		Son of KingSamsenthai	Reigned 18 months[5]
Kham Tam Sa (Kham Teun, Khamtum)		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Kama Dharmasara	? Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1429(?); 1432 Pak Houei Luang,Lan Xang				Reigned 5 months[6]
Lusai		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Luvana Jaya Chakrapati Phen-Pheo	? Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1432	1433 Palace Gardens,Muang Sua,Lan Xang			Reigned 6 months [7]
Khai Bua Ban		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Kaya Buvanabana	? Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1433	1436	1438 Sop Kham,Lan Xang	Grandson of Samsenthai	[8]
Kham Keut (Kham-Kert, Kham Keul)		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Kama Kirti	? Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1436	1438 Muang Sua,Lan Xang		Illegitimate son ofSamsenethai	[citation needed]
Nang Keo Phimpha ນາງແກ້ວພິມພາ		Samdach Brhat-Anya Sadu Chao Nying Kaeva Bhima Fa Mahadevi ສົມເດັຈພຣະຍາ ສາທຸເຈົ້າຍິງ ແກ້ວພິມພາ ມະຫາເທວີ	1343	1438 Pha-Dieo,Muang Sua Aged 95				[9]
Interregnum (1438–1441, rule bySena and members of Sangha)[10]
Chakkaphat Phaen Phaeo (Sai Tia Kaphut or Xainyachakkaphat)		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Sanaka Chakrapati Raja Phen-Phaeo Bhaya Jayadiya Kabuddha	1415 Muang Sua,Lan Xang	1441	1479	1481 Muang Xieng Khane,Lan Xang Aged 66	Son of Samsenthai	[11]
Souvanna Banlang		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Suvarna Panya Lankara Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1455 Xieng-Thong,Lan Xang	1479	1485 Xieng-Thong,Lan Xang Aged 30		Son ofChakkaphat Phaen Phaeo	[citation needed]
La Sen Thai (La Sen Thai Puvanart)		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Lankasena Daya Buvananatha Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1462 Xieng-Thong,Lan Xang	1486	1495 Xieng-Thong,Lan Xang Aged 33		Youngest brother of Suvarna Banlang	[12]
Somphou		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Jumbuya Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1486 Xieng-Thong,Lan Xang	1495	1500	1501 Muang Sua,Lan Xang Aged 15	Son of La Sen Thai	1495-1497, under regency by his uncle[13]
Visoun (also Vixun or Visunarat)		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Visunha Rajadipati Pada Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1465 Xieng-Thong,Lan Xang	1500	1520 Vientianne,Lan Xang Aged 55		Son of Sai Tia Kaphut	[14]
Photisarath I (also Phothisarath, Phothisarat, or Potisarat)ພະເຈົ້າໂພທິສະລາດ		Samdach Brhat-Anya Budhisara Maha Dharmikadasa Lankanakuna Maharaja Adipati Chakrapati Bhumina Narindra Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1505 Xieng-Thong,Lan Xang	1520	8 August 1548 Xieng-Mai Nhotnakorn Palace,Vientiane,Lan Xang Aged 43		Son ofVisoun	[6]
Setthathirath ເສດຖາທິຣາດ (also Xaysettha, Chaiyachettha, Chaiyaset or Jayajestha) ໄຊເສດຖາ		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Udaya Budhara Buvana Brhat Jaya Setha Maharajadiraja Buvanadi Adipati Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	24 January 1534 Muang Sua,Lan Xang	8 August 1548	1571 Muang Ong-Kan,Attapeu,Lan Xang Aged 37		Son ofPhotisarath	AlsoKing of Lanna r. 1546-1551 [15]
Nokeo Koumane		Samdach Brhat Vora Ratana Dharmapasuta Sethakassa Atsanachandra Suvarna Samudhi Khakharattanasara Raja Bupati	1571 Vientianne,Lan Xang		1571	1596 Aged 25	Son of Setthathirath	First reign as a baby under regency
Sen Soulintha (also Saen Surintha or Sen Sourintha, born Chane Tian)		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Sumangala Ayaka Budhisana Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1511 Nong-Khai,Siam	1572	1575	1582 Vientianne,Lan Xang Aged 71	Not of royal descent	First reign. [16]
Voravongsa I		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Brhatasena Vora Varman Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	?	1575	1579 Keng Chane pass,Vientiane,Lan Xang		Son ofPhotisarath	Burmese vassal[17]
Sen Soulintha (also Saen Surintha or Sen Sourintha, born Chane Tian)		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Sumangala Ayaka Budhisana Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1511 Nong-Khai,Siam	1580	1582 Vientianne,Lan Xang Aged 71		Not of royal descent	Second reign [18]
Nakhon Noi		Samdach Brhat Chao Samdach Brhat Chao Negara Nawi Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	?	1582	1583	? Toungoo Empire	Son ofSen Soulintha. Not of royal descent.	[19]
Interregnum (1583–1591)[citation needed]
Nokeo Koumane		Samdach Brhat Vora Ratana Dharmapasuta Sethakassa Atsanachandra Suvarna Samudhi Khakharattanasara Raja Bupati	1571 Vientianne,Lan Xang	1591	1596 Aged 25		Son of Setthathirath	[20]
Voravongsa II (Thammikarath)		Vara Varman Dharmika Raja Jaya	1585	1596	1621	1622 Aged 37	Nephew ofSetthathirath	[21]
Oupagnouvarath		Samdach Brhat Chao Maha Upayuvaraja	1597	1621	1622 Aged 25		Son of Voravongsa	[22]
Photisarath II		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Bandita Buddhisa Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1552	1622	1627 Aged 75		Son or grandson of Sen Soulintha Not of royal descent	[23]
Mon Keo (Mongkeo)		Samdach Brhat-Anya Chao Manikya Kaeva Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	?	1627	1633		Son of Voravongsa	[24]
Tone Kham		SamdachBrhatChaoDharmakamaRajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	?	1633	1637		Son of Mon Keo	[25]
Vichai		SamdachBrhatChaoVijayaRajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	?	1637	1638		Son of Mon Keo	[25]
Souligna Vongsa (Sourinyavongsa) ສຸຣິຍະວົງສາທັມມິກຣາດ		Samdach Brhat Chao Suriyalinga Varman Dharmika Raja Parama Pavitra Prasidhadhiraja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1618 Vientiane,Lan Xang	1638	1694 Vientiane,Lan Xang Aged 76		Son of Tone Kham	2nd Golden Age of Lan Xang [26]
Tian Thala		Samdach Brhat Chao Devaniasena Chandralaya Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	?	1694	1695	1696	Not of royal descent.	Senior minister who usurped the throne reigning for 6 months.[27]
Nan Tharat		Samdach Brhat Chao Phya Nanda Raja Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	?	1695	1698 Vientiane,Lan Xang		Grandson of Vichai	[28]
Setthathirath II ພຣະເຈົ້າໄຊອົງເວ້ (Sai Ong Hue; Ong Lo; Trieu Phuc) ໄຊອົງເວ້		Somdetch BrhatChaoMaha Sri Jaya Setha Adiraja Darmikaraja Chandrapuri Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1685 Huế,Đại Việt	1698	1706	1730 Royal Palace,Vientiane Aged 45	Nephew of Souligna Vongsa (whose father was exiled to Vietnam)	[29]

Kingdom of Vientiane was formed in 1707 as a result of the succession dispute betweenSai Ong Hue with his backing from the Vietnamese court atHuế andKingkitsarat (a grandson of Souligna Vongsa) who was backed by theTai Lü kingdom ofSipsong Panna. From 1707 until the annihilation of Vientiane in 1828, the kingdom would at various times be in rivalry with the kingdoms ofLuang Prabang andChampasak, although they remained loosely confederated by cultural and historic affinity. By the mid-eighteenth century, the individual Lao kingdoms were simultaneously paying tribute toBurma,China,Siam andVietnam.Following the Rebellion of ChaoAnouvong in 1828,Vientiane was destroyed and both the kingdoms ofVientiane andChampasak falls to the Siamese in 1828. The kingship of Vientiane ends and all territories are annexed to Siam.^[30] General Ratchasuphawadi oversees the depopulation of the kingdom and forced relocation toIsaan. The city itself was leveled leaving onlyWat Si Saket standing, along with the partial ruins of the Ha Pra Keo,That Dam Stupa, andThat Luang Stupa. In 1867, Louis de Carne a part of the Francis Garnier exploratory mission noted that:

“A flourishing capital has been annihilated in our own days, and an entire people has, in some sort, disappeared, without Europe even having suspected such scenes of desolation-without even a solitary echo of this long cry of despair having reached her.”^[31]

Name	Portrait	Regnal Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Relationship with predecessors	Notes
Setthathirath II ພຣະເຈົ້າໄຊອົງເວ້ (Sai Ong Hue; Ong Lo; Trieu Phuc) ໄຊອົງເວ້		Samdach BrhatChaoMaha Sri Jaya Setha Adiraja Darmikaraja Chandrapuri Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	1685 Huế,Annam	1707	1730 Royal Palace,Vientiane Aged 45		Nephew of Souligna Vongsa
Ong Long ເຈົ້າອົງລອງ		Samdach BrhatChaoMaha Sri UngalankayaChandapuri Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	? Vientiane	1730	1767		Son of Sai Ong Hue	Burmese vassal, 1765–1768
Ong Boun ອົງບຸນ (Siribunyasarn)(Ong Bun Setthathirath III) Phrachao Siribounyasan ພຣະເຈົ້າສິຣິບຸນຍະສາຣ		Samdach BrhatChaoDharma Adi Varman Maha Sri Bunyasena Jaya Setha Adiraja Chandrapuri Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	? Vientiane	1767	1779	28 November 1781 Lanchang		1st reign. Burmese vassal)[32]
Interregnum (1778–1780). Phraya Supho appointed governor by Siamese, led by GeneralTaksin. Vientiane falls and is sacked by the Siamese (1779)
Ong Boun ອົງບຸນ (Siribunyasarn)(Ong Bun Setthathirath III) Phrachao Siribounyasan ພຣະເຈົ້າສິຣິບຸນຍະສາຣ		Samdach BrhatChaoDharma Adi Varman Maha Sri Bunyasena Jaya Setha Adiraja Chandrapuri Sri Sadhana Kanayudha	? Vientiane	1780	28 November 1781 Lanchang		Son of Sai Ong Hue	2nd reign, returns as vassal to Siam
Nanthasen ພຣະເຈົ້ານັນທະເສນ		Samdach BrhatChaoAnandasenaBungmalayaChandapuri Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Visudhirattana Rajadhanipuri Rama Lanjang Krum Klao	?	28 November 1781	January 1795	June/July 1795 Bangkok	Son of Ong Boun	Returns Pra Bang to Vientiane, vassal to Siam, but recalled for plotting a rebellion
Intharavong ເຈົ້າອິນທະວົງສ໌ (Intharavong Setthathirath IV)		Samdach BrhatChaoIndra VarmanJaya SetthadirajaChandapuri Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Visudhirattana Rajadhanipuri Rama Lanjang Krum Klao	?	2 February 1795	7 February 1805 Vientiane			Vassal to Siam
Anouvong ເຈົ້າອານຸວົງສ໌ (Anouvong or Anurath, Setthahirath V)		Samdach Paramanadha Parama Bupati Samdach Brhat Pen Chao Singhadhanuraja, Samdach Brhat Parama Bupati Brhat Maha Kashatriya Khatiya Adipati Jayasettha Jatikasuriya Varman,Angga Penh Brhat Yuhuanaya MahanegaraChandrapuri Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Visudhirattana Rajadhanipuri Rama Lanjang Krum Klao	1767 Vientiane	7 February 1805	19 December 1828	25th/26 January 1829 Bangkok Aged 62	Son of Ong Boun and Brother of Inthavong	Led theLao rebellion (1826–1828) against Siam

TheKingdom of Champasak declared itself independent from theKingdom of Vientiane in 1713. TheKingdom of Champasak comprised the area south of theXe Bang River as far asStung Treng together with the areas of the lowerMun andXi rivers on theKhorat Plateau (now theIsaan area of modernThailand). The Kingdom was annexed bySiam in 1829 following theChao Anouvong Rebellion, and subsequent kings were confirmed inBangkok. From 1893 French took administrative control over parts of the kingdom, in 1904 the kingdom was reduced to a provincial governorship but still included the political involvement of theNa Champasak royal family. From 1941 to 1945Thailand exploited France's weakness during World War II to acquireChampasak and other Lao lands on the right bank of the Mekong. In 1946 Champasak was ceded back to France and ChaoBoun Oum remitted all claims to an independent kingship in order to unifyLaos. TheKingdom of Laos (1946–75) was then formed under theLuang Prabang line of kingship.

Name	Portrait	Regnal Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Relationship with predecessors	Notes
Nokasad (Soysisamut Phutthangkun)		Somdetch BrhatChaoJaya Sri Samudra Buddhangkura	1693 Poosangor Horkam	1713	1738 Khorat Plateau Aged 45		Grandson ofSourigna Vongsa
Sayakumane (Pha Photi Chao)		Somdetch BrhatChaoBrhatBodhiChao Angka Luang Jaya Kumara	1710	1738	1791 Champa Nagapurisiri Aged 81		Son of Nokasat
Fay Na (Vichaiyarat Khattiyawongsa)		Brhat Vijaya King Khatiya Varman	?	1791	1811		Not of royal descent	Appointed by Siam
No Muong		Somdetch BrhatChaoAnuya	?	1811	1811		Son ofSayakumane	Died after 3 days of rule
1811 – 1813 Interregnum
Manoi		Somdetch BrhatChaoBhumi Maha Nawi	?	1813	1820	1821 Bangkok,Siam	Nephew ofSayakumane
Nho		Chao Raja Putra Sadet Chaofa Jaya Nyô	? Vientiane	1820	1827	1828 Bangkok,Siam	Son ofAnouvong,King of Vientiane	Chao Yo, House of Vientiane.
1829–93 Siam annexes Champasak following theChao Anouvong Rebellion and confirms subsequent kings
Huy		H'ui, Brhat Chao	1780	1827	1841 Himlot,Champassak Aged 61–63		Great grandson ofNokasad
Nark		BrhatChao Nagaraja Negara Champasakti	1774	1841	1851 Bangkok,Siam Aged 76		Brother of Huy	Appointed by the King of Siam on brother's death. Died from cholera in 1851.
Boua		BrhatChaoBuwana	?	1851	1853 Bangkok,Siam		Son of No Muong and Cousin of Nark	Appointed by King of Siam as Regent: 1851–1853.
Interregnum (1853–1855) Prince Suriya,Uparaja, acted as Regent. He died at 1855.
Kham Nai		BrhatChao Yudhi Dharma Sundaragana Negara Champasakti	1830 Himlot,Champassak	1856	1858 Himlot,Champassak Aged 28		Son of Huy	Appointed by King of Siam at 1856. Died at Himlot, 1858 with no male issue.
Interregnum (1858–63)
Kham Souk		Brhat Chao Yudhi Dharmadhara Negara Champasakti	1839 Himlot,Champassak	1863	28 July 1900 Bassac,Champassak Aged 62		Son of Huy and Brother of Kham Nai	Succeeded upon death of older brother. Reigned under the regency of theUparaja, until he came of age and was invested with full ruling powers asChao MuangNakhon Champassak (Prince Governor of the State of Champasakti) by the King of Siam, 1863. Received Mons Carné, the French envoy, 1866. Returned to Bassac, where he constructed a new palace and re-established the old capital, February 1874. He revived the fortunes of the principality. The early part of his reign saw a considerable increase in population and agricultural production, enabling him to create ten new muang. However, the Siamese slowly increased their presence, appointing their own commissioners to oversea governance in 1884, placing the state under the control of a regional Governor-General in 1891. 38% of revenues were sent directly to the treasury in Bangkok, 59% spent on regional Siamese administrators, and just 3% left to the local administration. War between Siam and France was concluded in 1893, with the loss of half the territory on the east bank of the Mekong, in 1893. Granted the precedence of a vassal ruler at the Court of Bangkok, immediately after the Prime Minister. France divided the kingdom in 1893[clarification needed]
Ratsadanay (Nhouy)		Somdet BrhatChaoBuvanarabarna Rajadhanaya Negara Champasakti	1874 Bassac,Champassak	28 July 1900	19 September 1904	November 1945 Bassac,Champassak Aged 71	Son of Kham Souk	Succeeded upon death of father. Appointed by King of Siam. Forced to accept French protection when Siam transferred sovereignty to the French Republic on 19 September 1904, under the terms of the Franco-Siamese Treaty of 13 February 1904. The principality was abolished by the French on 22 November 1904, retaining his styles, titles and honours for life. Appointed as Governor of the Province of Bassac under the French colonial authorities on 14 October 1905, with the capital of the new province being established at Pakse in 1908. He served in that capacity until forced into retirement on reaching the age of sixty, 21 December 1934. He was subsequently recognised as Hereditary Prince of Champasakti 11 March 1941, comprising all the former territories of the old kingdom following the Thai conquest on 22 January 1941. France was forced to retrocede the province to Thailand following Japanese mediation on 9 May 1941, but they were invited by Prince Boum Oum to reoccupy Pakse on 14 September 1945. King under protectorate of French Indochina; Had the title of regional governor between 1905–1934. Died from cancer, at Bassac, November 1945.[clarification needed]
Boun Oum		Sadet Chao Bunuma na Champassak	2 December 1912 Don Talad, nearBassac,Champassak	–	–	17 March 1980 Boulogne-Billancourt, France	Son of Ratsadanay	Renounced his rights in order to facilitate the establishment of a unitedKingdom of Laos under theKing of Luang Prabang on 18 August 1946 (with effect from 26 August 1946). Recognised by a confidential protocol by the King on 27 August 1946 as hereditaryPrince of Champasakti by direct male descent (confirmed and granted precedence immediately after the Heir Apparent, 20 January 1949). He died at Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 17 March 1980 (bur. Villetaneuse)

• 
  Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Prabang (1707–1893)
• 
  Flag of Laos as a French Protectorate (1893–1952)

With the division ofLan Xang, the city ofLuang Prabang recovered its prestige as a royal city, since the capital had moved toVientiane withSetthathirath in 1560. The city was a growing center for religion and trade, but remained politically weak and would be sacked by the Burmese in 1764. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries the Kingdom endured as a vassal to China, Siam, Burma, and Vietnam. In 1828 following Chao Anouvong's Rebellion the kingdom was annexed by Siam. Despite their vassal status the Kings of Luang Prabang exercised a degree of autonomy, but lacked the security apparatus to effectively defend the kingdom (which may have been used in rebellion, as had been done in the kingdoms of Vientiane and Champasak). As a result, throughout the mid-19th centuryHaw pirates from China were able to invade.

Name	Portrait	Regnal Name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Relationship with predecessors	Notes
Kingkitsarat (Kitsarat) ເຈົ້າກິງກິດສະຣາດ		SamdachBrhatChaoBrhatKinkidsarajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	?	1706	1713	1713 Luang Prabang	Grandson ofSouligna Vongsa	King ofLan Xang Hom KhaoLuang Prabang, elder son of PrinceIndra Brahma,Chao RajaYudha, by his wife, Princess Chandra Kumari,educ. privately. He fled to his mother's family in Muang Phong, inSipsòng Panna in 1700. Returned to Luang Prabang at the head of an army in 1705 and expelled Sethathirat's Viceroy. Took control of the northern provinces of the kingdom, established his capital at Luang Prabang and proclaimed as King. Crowned with the title ofSamdachBrhatChaoBrhatKinkidsarajaSriSadhanaKanayudha, at Luang Prabang, 1706. Unable to gain control over the rest of the kingdom, he was forced to accept the intervention of the King of Siam, who negotiated the establishment of the two realms of Lan-Xang Vientiane and Lan-Xang Luang Prabang 1707.[citation needed]
Ong Kham		SamdachBrhatChaoBrhatParamaKhattiyaVarmanRajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	? Chiang Hung (Sipsong Panna)	1713	1723	1759 Chiang Mai,Lan Na	Cousin of Kingkitsarat and Inthasom	Co-ruled with Inthasom who then deposed him in 1723. Ong Kham was later crowned King of Lan Na (r.1727–1759)
Inthasom (Thao Ang) ເຈົ້າອິນທະໂສມ		SamdachBrhatChaoRajaIndraSenaParamaPavitraSriTatanaUdanaChakrapatirajaChaoAngaRajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	?	1723	1749	1749 Luang Phrabang	Brother of Kingkitsarat and Grandson of Souligna Vongsa	He marched on Luang Prabang after learning of the death of King-Kitsarath in 1713, believing that he had a superior claim to his cousin. However, instead of going to war, the two cousins agreed to share power and he was invested as Viceroy with the title ofMaha Upparaja. After ten years of joint rule, he tired of his subordinate position and seized power in 1723 by shutting the gates of the capital city against Khattiya Varman, after he had gone out to hunt turtle doves. As a counterweight to the growing power of the Burmese, relations with China were opened with the dispatch of a tribute mission in 1723, followed by two others in 1734 and 1753.[citation needed]
Vietnamese invasion repelled (1749)
Inthaphom (Intharavongsa)		SamdachBrhatChaoIndraVarmanRajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	?	1749	1749	1776	Son of Inthasom	Defeated theAnnamese invasion in 1749. Crowned King instead of his older brothers. Abdicated 8 months later for his elder brother.
Sotika Koumane ເຈົ້າໂຊຕິກະ		SamdachBrhatChaoDevabangsaJathikaKumaraRajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	?	1749	1764	1771 Luang Phrabang	Son of Inthasom and Brother of Inthaphom	Succeeded on Abdication of his younger brother.
Burmese invasion (1764/65, aided byVientiane), Luang Prabang becomes Burmese vassal state, 1765–1771
Sotika Koumane ເຈົ້າໂຊຕິກະ		SamdachBrhatChaoDevabangsaJathikaKumaraRajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	?	1764	1768/1771	1771 Luang Phrabang	Son of Inthasom and Brother of Inthaphom	Vassal to Burma, purported to have abdicated by 1768 but died by 1771
Surinyavong II ເຈົ້າສຸລິຍະວົງສາທີ່ສອງ		SamdachBrhatChaoSuriyaVarmanRajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	?	1771	1779/1788	1791 Bangkok,Siam	Brother of Sotika Koumane and Son of Inthasom	Purported to have succeeded the throne by 1768 due to abdication but seized the throne by 1771. Rebelled against Burma in 1771, following the sack of Vientiane, he is defeated and remains a Burmese vassal. By 1778, he throws off his Burmese allegiance but is instead forced to become a vassal of Siam by 1779-1788.
Luang Prabang becomes Siamese vassal state, 1779-1792
Surinyavong II ເຈົ້າສຸລິຍະວົງສາທີ່ສອງ		SamdachBrhatChaoSuriyaVarmanRajaSriSadhanaKanayudha	?	1779	1788	1791 Bangkok,Siam	Brother of Sotika Koumane and Son of Inthasom	By 1778, he throws off his Burmese allegiance but is instead forced to become a vassal of Siam by 1779-1788. By May 1788 – 1792, he and the Royal Family is detained as hostage in Bangkok by order of the Siamese King. He dies in detention at 1791.
Luang Prabang is administered by Siamese appointed governors during detention of the Royal Family at Bangkok (1788-1792)
Anourouth ເຈົ້າອານຸຣຸດທະ		SamdachBrhatChaoMahaUdamaVarmanKrungSriSadhanaKanayudhaUdarattanapuriRamaBrahmaChakrapatiMahanayakaMaharajadhanaLanjangKrungKlaoAnuradhuratta	1737	3 February 1792	1817	31 December 1819 Luang Prabang Aged 82	Brother of Surinyavong II and Son of Inthasom	Short Interregnum from 1791 to 1792 with the death of Surinyavong II. King of Siam recognizes Anourouth as successor to his brother and is permitted to return to Luang Prabang, crowned as Viceroy in 1792. He is eventually deposed by the Siamese and sent back as a prisoner to Bangkok. He is restored again by 2 June 1794.[citation needed]
Mantha Tourath ເຈົ້າມັນທາຕຸຣາດ		Samdach Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan XangHomKhaoLuangPrabangMangthaduraja	1772 Luang Prabang	1817	1825	7 March 1837 Royal Palace,Luang Prabang Aged 65	Son of Anourouth	Succeeded his father. Served as a monk in Bangkok, leaving Luang Prabang to be administered by Siamese officials, 1825-1826.[citation needed]
Luang Prabang is administered by Siamese officials (1825-1826)
Mantha Tourath ເຈົ້າມັນທາຕຸຣາດ		Samdach Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan XangHomKhaoLuangPrabangMangthaduraja	1772 Luang Prabang	1826	1836	7 March 1837 Royal Palace,Luang Prabang Aged 65	Son of Anourouth	Returned to Luang Prabang and resumed executive powers in 1826.[citation needed] Sought vassalage with Vietnam against Siam
Provinces of Luang Phrabang in rebellion against Siam (1835-1838)
Soukha Seum ເຈົ້າສຸຂະເສີມ		Samdach Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan XangHomKhaoLuangPrabangSukra Sumaya	1797	1838	1850	23 September 1850 Palace of Xieng-Méne Aged 53	Son of Mantha Tourath	Succeeded on the death of his father, 7 March 1837. Being a Siamese hostage in Bangkok, he was not recognized and allowed to return to Luang Prabang until 1838.
Tiantharath ເຈົ້າຈັນທະຣາດ		Samdach Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan Xang Hom Khao Luang Prabang Parama Sidha Khattiya Suriya Varman Brhat Maha Sri Chao Chandradipati Prabhu Kumara Sundhara Dharmadhata Praditsa Rajadipati Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Udarmapuri Rajadhani Damrungsa Lavaya Bunsabidaya Anuraksha Riyangsakra Sadhidnaya Luang Prabang Dhani	1797 or 1799	23 September 1850	1 October 1868	23 August 1870 Royal Palace,Luang Prabang Aged 71 or 73	Son of Mantha Tourath and Brother of Soukha Seum	Succeeded on death of his elder brother, 23 September 1850. Recognized by the King of Siam.[citation needed]
ThePra Bang is returned toLuang Pra Bang by KingChulalongkorn of Thailand having been brought to Bangkok during the destruction of Vientiane in 1828. Until 1865, Thai KingChantharath ruled Luang PraBang, and relinquished the power to Laos King Oun Kham. Transition occurred during/after the French Auguste Parvie visits.
Oun Kham ເຈົ້າອຸ່ນຄຳ		Samdach Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan XangHomKhaoLuangPrabangParamaSidhaKhattiyaSuriyaVarmanBrhatMahaSriMahindraDevaDipakara	5 June 1811 or 1816 Luang Phrabang	1 October 1868	15 December 1895	15 December 1895 Luang Phrabang Aged 79 or 84	Son of Mantha Tourath and Brother of Tiantharath	Succeeded on the death of his elder brother in August 1870 but was not recognized by the Siamese authorities until 1872. Recognized by the King of Siam. Fled from theHaw pirates in 1887 withAuguste Pavie and would later pursue protection from France. Removed from executive power by the King of Siam in favor of his eldest son and ordered to remove himself to Bangkok, September 1887 to April 1888. Returned to Luang Prabang, 2nd May 1888.[citation needed]
Kham Souk (Sakharine, Sackarindr) ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສັກຣິນທຣ໌		Samdach Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan XangHomKhaoLuangPrabangParamaSidhaKhattiyaSuriyaVarmanBrhatMahaSriSakarindra Ridhi Dharma Varman ສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາວິຕລ້ານຊ້າງຮົ່ມຂາວ ຫລວງພຣະບາງ ປຣມະສິທະຂັຕິຍະສຸຣິຍະວໍຣມັນ ພຣະມຫາຊິວິຕ ສີສັກະຣິນທຣ໌	16 July 1840 Luang Phrabang	15 December 1895	25 March 1904	25 March 1904 Luang Phrabang Aged 63	Son of Oun Kham	Appointed as third dignitary and invested with the title ofRaja Varman. Commanded the Luang Prabang forces sent against theHaws during their first invasion of 1874-1877, and again during the second invasion in 1885-1887, but fled to Bangkok afterĐèo Văn Trị attacked and sacked the capital at Luang Prabang in June 1887. Appointed as Regent for his father by the King of Siam, April 1888. Forced to accept a French protectorate over the kingdom, 3rd October 1893. Succeeded on the death of his father, 15thDecember 1895. Crowned at Luang Prabang, 14th July 1896. He introduced several important reforms under French prompting, including the freedom of slaves, the abolition of slavery and equality before the law for all subjects. He died from apoplexy, at Luang Prabang, 25 March 1904.
Sisavang Vong ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສີສວ່າງວົງສ໌		Samdach Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan XangHomKhaoBrhat Rajanachakra LaoParamaSidhaKhattiyaSuriyaVarmanBrhatMahaSriSavangsaVarman	14 July 1885 Golden Palace,Luang Prabang	26 March 1904	1945	29 October 1959 Golden Palace,Luang Prabang Aged 74	Son of Sakharine	Last king of Luang Prabang and first King of modern Laos

TheMuang ofXiang Khouang was a semi-autonomous region in Laos in what is now Xiang Khouang province. The Phuan (Pu’on) monarchy claims descent from Khun Borom and were part of the Lan Xang mandala. Geographic isolation and frequent warfare produced periods where the Phuan kings tried to assert more authority, but the region remained only a key vassalage for surrounding kingdoms. The region features prominently in the 18th and 19th century as valuable coalition piece for the rival kingdoms of Vientiane and Champasak. Xiang Khouang was a trade frontier, and also a frequent point of invasion, and so has more cultural influences from China and Vietnam.

The Kingdom of Laos created in 1947 marked the first time the kingdoms of Laos had been unified since the division of Lan Xang in 1707. The Franco-Lao Treaty of 1953, gave Laos independence and theRoyal Lao Government took control of the country. This treaty established aconstitutional monarchy, withSisavang Vong as King and PrinceSouvanna Phouma as Prime Minister. In 1959, after the death of his father King Sisavang Vong,Sisavang Vatthana ascended the throne and was crowned King. On 2 December 1975, King Sisavang Vatthana was forced to abdicate by thePathet Lao, after its victory in theLaotian Civil War.

Name	Portrait	House	Birth	Death	Succession right
Sisavang Vong 23 April 1946 – 29 October 1959 13 years, 189 days		Khun Lo	14 July 1885 Luang Phrabang	29 October 1959 Luang Phrabang aged 74	Son ofZakarine
Sisavang Vatthana 29 October 1959 – 2 December 1975 16 years, 34 days			13 November 1907 Luang Phrabang	13 May 1978 Xam Neua aged 70	Son ofSisavang Vong

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