 Bavaria |  United States |
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TheKingdom of Bavaria and theUnited States began relations in 1833 going through expansion in 1868 when the kingdom joined theGerman Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end withWorld War I when the U.S.declared war on Germany.
Formal relations began in 1833 when the U.S. opened a consulate in the kingdom. A letter from U.S. ConsulRobert de Ruedorffer dated July 4, 1833, informedSecretary of StateEdward Livingston that Ruedorffer will discharge the duties of Consul for the United States inMunich. Today the consulate is theAmerican consulate in Munich. A second consulate opened on December 26, 1843. Other U.S. Consulates opened in the kingdom during the nineteenth century were:Augsburg, which opened on June 26, 1846, and closed on July 28, 1906; Rhenish[clarification needed], which opened on August 4, 1862, and closed on April 21, 1870;Nuremberg, which opened on December 26, 1868, and closed on February 5, 1915; andBamberg, which opened on January 25, 1892, and closed on May 11, 1908.[1]
On January 21, 1845, the U.S. signed a convention to abolish droit d’aubaine and taxation upon emigration with the Kingdom of Bavaria. Droit d’aubaine was when a state would confiscate all territory and possessions, moveable or immovable, of the deceased rather than the deceased’s heirs receiving the property.[1]
On September 12, 1853, both countries signed an Extradition Convention in London by U.S. Minister to BritainJames Buchanan and the Bavarian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of the Queen of theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandAugustus Baron de Cetto.[2][1]
On May 26, 1868, the U.S. signed a Naturalization Treaty with the Kingdom of Bavaria. The treaty was negotiated and signed by U.S. Minister to the Kingdom of Bavaria George Bancroft and his Bavarian counterpart, Dr. Otto, Baron of Völderndorff, Councillor of Ministry.[3] At the same time, U.S. Minister PlenipotentiaryGeorge Bancroft signed a naturalization treaty with Bavaria. At the time, Bancroft was also accredited toKingdom of Prussia and theNorth German Confederation and, after 1871, to the German Empire. Yet, although Bancroft was recalled from his position in Berlin in 1874, at his own request, he was never officially recalled from the court of Bavaria. In 1895, four years after his death, Bancroft still officially stood as the diplomatic representative of the United States to Bavaria.[1]
Relations ended on February 3, 1917, when U.S. PresidentWoodrow Wilson instructedSecretary of StateRobert Lansing to notify the German Ambassador to the United States that all diplomatic relations between the U.S. and the German Empire were severed. As the foreign affairs of Imperial Germany were run out of Berlin and decided upon by the Kaiser, this constituted the severance of relations with Bavaria, as part of the German Empire. On April 6, 1917, Wilson declared war on Imperial Germany.[1]
This article incorporatespublic domain material from"A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Bavaria".U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets.United States Department of State.
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