This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of severallists of incumbents .
TheIndian subcontinent , the main centre of Indian culture earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions onAshokan edicts [ 1] [ 2] Sanskrit literature ,Jain literature andBuddhist literature in context ofliterary sources .Archaeological sources include archeological remains inIndian subcontinent which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.
Early types of historic documentation includemetal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at least thedynasty , at the time. ThesePunch-marked coins were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from theMaurya Empire in 300s BCE. There are alsostone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers ofNorth India are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in theDeccan andSouth India has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources ofSouth Indian history isSangam Literature dated from 300s BCE. Time period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.
[ edit ] List of monarchs of Magadha
List of monarchs of Kashmir
[ edit ] Kings of Gandhara
[ edit ] List of Kuru kings
[ edit ] Haiheyas
Maharaj Adarsh Maharaj Ayu Maharaj Nahusha Maharaj Yayati Maharaj Yadu Sahasrajit Satajit Mahahaya, Renuhaya and Haihaya (the founder of Haihaya Kingdom). (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Mandhatri) Dharma was the son of Haihaya. Netra Kunti Sohanji Mahishman was the founder ofMahishmati on the banks of River Narmada. Bhadrasenaka (Bhadrasena) (Contemporary to Suryavanshi kingTrishanku ) Durmada (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Harischandra) Durdama Bhima Samhata Kanaka Dhanaka Krtavirya, Krtagni, Krtavarma and Krtauja. (Contemporary to Suryavanshi kingRohitashva ) SahasrabahuKartavirya Arjuna was the son of Krtavirya who ruled 88 years and was finally killed by LordParashurama . Jayadhwaja, Vrshabha, Madhu and Urujit were left by Parshurama and 995 others were killed by Lord Parashurama. Pajanya was adopted by Kroshta king Devamidha Talajangha (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Asita) Vithihotra (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Sagara) Madhu Vrshni Pradyota dynasty
[ edit ] Kings of Videha
Videgha Mathava - Founder of VidehaNimi - Earliest ancestor ofJanaka Dynasty Mithi - First Janaka and founder of MithilaUdavasu - Second Janaka Nandivardhana - Third Janaka Suketu - Fourth Janaka Devarata Janaka - Fifth JanakaBrihadvrata Mahavira Sudhriti Dristaketu Haryasva Maru Pratindhaka Kritiratha Devamidha Vibhuta Mahidhrata Kirtirata Mahorama Svarnorama Hrasvaroma Seeradhvaja (father of Sita inRamayana ) - Twenty first JanakaBhaanumaan Shatadyumna Shuchi Oorjanaamaa Kriti Anjana Kurujit Arishtanemi Shrutaayu Supaarshva Srinjaya Kshemaavee Anenaa Bhaumaratha Satyaratha Upagu Upagupta Svaagata Svaananda Suvarchaa Supaarshwa Subhaasha Sushruta Jaya Vijaya Rita Sunaya Veetahavya Dhriti Bahulashva Kriti Apart from the above list of Janakas, there more Janakas mentioned in different texts
Karala Janaka Dharmadhwaja Janaka Janadeva Janaka [ edit ] Kings of Kalinga
[ edit ] Kings of Kosala:[ 3]
[ edit ] Kings of Panchala:
Rishin Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu) Brihatkaya Puranjaya Riksha Bramhyaswa Aramyaswa Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya - (founder ofKampilya capital ofPanchala Kingdom ) Sranjaya, (son of Aramyaswa) Dritimana Drdhanemi Sarvasena, (founder ofUjjain Kingdom ) Mitra Rukmaratha Suparswa Sumathi Sannatimana Krta Pijavana Somadutta Jantuvahana Badhrayaswa Brihadhishu Brihadhanu Brihadkarma Jayaratha Visvajit Seinyajit Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh) Samara Sadashva Ruchiraswa Pruthusena Prapti Prthaswa Sukrthi Vibhiraja Anuha Bramhadatta II Vishwaksena Dandasena Durmukha Durbuddhi Dharbhya Divodasa Sivana I Mitrayu Maitrayana Soma Sivana II Sadasana Sahadeva Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala) Prishati , (son of Somaka)Drupada , (son of Prishata)Dhrishtadyumna , (was the son of Drupada,Draupadi andShikhandi were the daughters of Drupada)Keśin Dālbhya Pravahana Jaivali Achyuta , (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in c. 350 CE byGupta rulerSamudragupta .)[ edit ] Kings of Anga:
[ edit ] Kings of Kamboja:
[ edit ] Rulers of Shakya:
LaterShakya Republic was conquered byVirudhaka ofKosala .
[ edit ] Ancient and early medieval Southern Indian dynasties [ edit ] [ edit ] Koon Pandiyan -(Earliest Known Pandyan king) Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan) , he was mentioned in legend ofKannagi Pudappandiyan Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan) Nan Maran Nedunj Cheliyan III(Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan) Maran Valudi Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan Ukkirap Peruvaluthi [ edit ] [ edit ] Sundara Pandyan I Vira Pandyan I Vira Pandyan II Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan Jatavarman Chola Pandya Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124) Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161) Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)Kulasekara Pandyan III Vira Pandyan III Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180) Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)[ edit ] [ edit ] During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital cityMadurai because of the Islamic andNayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital toTirunelveli in southernTamilakam and existed there as vassals.
Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463) Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473) Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506)Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499) Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543) Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552) Nelveli Maran (1552–1564) Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604) Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612) Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618) Kollankondan (1618–1650)[citation needed [ edit ] Ancient Chera kings
Kongu Cheras (c. 400–844 CE)
Makotai Cheras
Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE):
Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125) Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145) Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150) Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150) Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167) Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173) Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192) Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195) Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?) Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214) Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240) Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252) Ravi Varma (1252–1313) Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333) Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335) Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342) Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363) Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366) Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382) Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416) Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417) Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383) Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444) Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458) Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468) Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484 Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504) Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530) [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] Major dynasties of Velir are-
[ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] Banavasi branch rulers-
Mayurasharma (345–365)Kangavarma (365–390) Bhageerath (390–415) Raghu (415–435) Kakusthavarma (435–455)Santivarma (455–460) Shiva Mandhatri (460–475) Mrigeshavarma (475–485) Ravivarma (485–519) Harivarma (519–530) Triparvatha branch rulers-
Krishna Varma I (455–475) Vishnuvarma (475–485) Simhavarma (485–516) Krishna Varma II (516–540)[ edit ] Shashthadeva I alis Kantakacharya(c. 960 CE), founder of dynasty Nagavarma Guhalladeva I Shashathadeva II Guhalladeva II (1038–1042) Veeravarmadeva (1042–1054) Jayakeshi I (1054–1080) Guhalladeva II alias Tribhuvanamalla(1080–1125) Vijayaditya I alias Vijayarka, (ruling prince up to 1104) Jayakeshi II(1125–1148) Shivachitta alis Paramadideva (1148–1179) Vishnuchitta alias Vijayaditya II(1179–1187) Jayakeshi III (1188–1216) Vajradeva alis Shivachitta (regin?) Sovideva alis Tribhuvanamalla (1216–1246?) Shashthadeva III(?1246–1265) Kamadeva(1265–1310), last known ruler of dynasty [ edit ] known rulers are- Chattadeva (980–1031), founder of dynasty Kamadeva Somadeva Mayuravarma Other minor Kadamba principalities [ edit ] Kadambas of Halasi Kadambas of Bankapur Kadambas of Bayalnad Kadambas of Nagarkhanda Kadambas of Uchchangi Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu) [ edit ] List of rulers of Banavasi
[ edit ] List of rulers of Denduluru
[ edit ] Ruler Reign Capital Jayasimha I 500–520 Badami Ranaraga 520–540 Badami Pulakeshin I 540–567 Badami Kirtivarman I 567–592 Badami Mangalesha 592–610 Badami Pulakeshin II 610–642 Badami Kubja Vishnuvardhana I 615/24–641 Vengi (Eastern )Jayasimha I (II) 641–673 Vengi (Eastern )|Adityavarman 642–645 Badami Abhinavaditya 645–646 Badami Chandraditya 646–649 Badami Regency ofVijaya-Bhattarika (649–655)Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law. A son of Chandraditya 649–655 Badami Satyashraya c.650-675 Vemulavada Vikramaditya I 655–680 Badami Indra Bhattaraka 673 Vengi (Eastern )Vishnuvardhana II 673–682 Vengi (Eastern )Prithvipathi c.675-700 Vemulavada Vinayaditya 680–696 Badami Mangi Yuvaraja 682–706 Vengi (Eastern )Vijayaditya I 696–733 Badami Maharaja c.700-725 Vemulavada Jayasimha III 706–718 Vengi (Eastern )Kokkli 718–719 Vengi (Eastern )Vishnuvardhana III 719–755 Vengi (Eastern )Rajaditya c.725-750 Vemulavada Vikramaditya II 733–746 Badami Kirtivarman II Rahappa 746- 757 Badami Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I c.750-775 Vemulavada Vijayaditya I (II) 755–772 Vengi (Eastern )Vishnuvardhana IV 755–808 Vengi (Eastern )Arikesari I c.775-800 Vemulavada Narasimha I c.800-825 Vemulavada Vijayaditya II (III) 808–847 Vengi (Eastern )Yuddhamalla II c.825-850 Vemulavada Kali Vishnuvardhana V847–849 Vengi (Eastern )Vijayaditya III (IV) 849–892 Vengi (Eastern )Brothers, ruled together. Vikramaditya I (III) Vengi (Eastern )Yuddhamalla I Vengi (Eastern )Baddega I Soladaganda c.850-895 Vemulavada Bhima I 892–921 Vengi (Eastern )Yuddhamalla III c.895-915 Vemulavada Narasimha II c.915-930 Vemulavada Vijayaditya IV (V) 921 Vengi (Eastern )Amma I 921–927 Vengi (Eastern )Probably brothers, ruled jointly. Vishnuvardhana VI Vengi (Eastern )Vijayaditya V (VI) 927 Vengi (Eastern )Tadapa 927 Vengi (Eastern )Vikramaditya II (IV) 927–928 Vengi (Eastern )Bhima II 928–929 Vengi (Eastern )Yuddhamalla II 929–935 Vengi (Eastern )Arikesari II c.930-941 Vemulavada Bhima III 935–947 Vengi (Eastern )Baddega II 941-946 Vemulavada Ruled jointly. Vagaraja 941-950 Vemulavada Arikesari III 946/950-968 Vemulavada Annexed to theWestern Chalukya Empire Amma II 947–970 Vengi (Eastern )Danarnava 970–973 Vengi (Eastern )Tailapa II Ahvamalla 973–997 Kalyani (Western )Jata Choda Bhima 973–999 Vengi (Eastern )Satyashraya 997–1008 Kalyani (Western )Shaktivarman I 999–1011 Vengi (Eastern )Vikramaditya V 1008–1015 Kalyani (Western )Vimaladitya 1011–1018 Vengi (Eastern )Jayasimha II (III) 1015–1043 Kalyani (Western )Rajaraja Narendra 1018–1061 Vengi (Eastern )Rajaraja had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, theWestern Chalukyas . His own son managed to succeed in theChola Empire , in 1070, asKulottunga I , beginning theLater Cholas period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola, which inherited Narendra's kingdom. It's possible, then, that the following rulers were governors for the Chola Emperor ruling Eastern Chalukya territory: Annexed to theChola Empire (1061-1118); Annexed to theWestern Chalukya Empire (since 1118) Someshvara I Trilokyamalla 1042–1068 Kalyani (Western )Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla 1068–1076 Kalyani (Western )Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla 1076–1126 Kalyani (Western )Someshvara III 1126–1138 Kalyani (Western )Jagadhekamalla II 1138–1151 Kalyani (Western )Tailapa III 1151–1164 Kalyani (Western )Jagadhekamalla III 1164–1183 Kalyani (Western )Someshvara IV 1183–1200 Kalyani (Western )Annexed to theSeuna ,Hoysala and theKakatiya dynasties
[ edit ] [ edit ] List of Satavahana emperors
[ edit ] Maharaja Vasu Maharaja Mahamegha Vahana Sobhanaraja Chandraja Ksemaraja Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja Kharavela (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)[ 4] [ 5] Kudepasiri Vakradeva llVaduka Galaveya Mana-Sada Siri-Sada Maha-Sada Sivamaka-Sada Asaka-Sada [ edit ] List of Manipuri kings
[ edit ] The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:
Yavanarajya ) (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE)[ edit ] List of Indo-Greek Kings
Saka ) ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)[ edit ] List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers
[ edit ] List of Kushan emperors
Pahalava ) (c. 21 – 100 CE)[ edit ] List of Indo-Parthian kings
[ edit ] List of Indo-Sasanian kings
Huna ) (c. 400 – 670 CE)[ edit ] List of Alchon Hun Kings
[ edit ] Kings of Banavasi
[ edit ] List of Nagvanshi chiefs
[ edit ] Kings of Padmavati
[ edit ] Rulers of Samatata
[ edit ] Abhira Sivadatta Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni Abhira Ishwarsena aliasMahaksatrapa IsvaradattaAbhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena [ edit ] Prince of Khoh
[ edit ] List of Gupta emperors Later Gupta rulers
[ edit ] Vakataka family tree
[ edit ] List of monarchs of Malwa (Aulikara dynasty)
[ edit ] Kings of Kamarupa
[ edit ] Rulers of Talakad
[ edit ] Kings of Kalinga (Eastern Gangas)
Other minor Ganga states [ edit ] Principality of Gudari Kataka [ edit ] According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century,Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha atGudari in modernRayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.[ 6]
Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV) Svarna Bhanu Kalasandha Deva Chudanga Deva Harimani Deva Narasimha Deva Ananta Deva Padmanabha Deva Pitambara Deva Vasudeva Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva) [ edit ] Prince of Chikiti
[ edit ] Zamindars of Parlakhemundi
[ edit ] Rulers of Aparanta
[ edit ] Kings of Vallabhi
[ edit ] Kings of Sindh (Rai)
[ edit ] In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two dynasties ruled (both wereHindu dynasties):
[ edit ] List of Vardhan kings
[ edit ] Rulers of Jantia
[ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] Kings of Malwa (Kalachuri)
Later Kalachuris ) (c. 675 – 1212 CE)[ edit ] Rulers- [ edit ] The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:[ 8]
Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE) Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence) Ratna-Deva II (1120–1135 CE)Prithvi-deva II (1135–1165 CE)Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE) Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE) Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE) Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE) Parmardi Dev (governor ofEastern Gangas ) Southern Kalachuris ) (c. 1130 – 1184 CE)[ edit ] Rulers- Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence fromKalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CESovideva (1168–1176) Mallugi, overthrown by his brother Sankama Sankama (1176–1180) Ahavamalla (1180–83) Singhana (1183–84), last ruler [ edit ] Regin of known rulers is disputed-[ 9] [ 10] Somana (Mid 6th century CE) Vajraditayanandin (585–605 CE) Vikramadityanandin (605–625 CE) Surendravikramadityanandin (625–644 or 654 CE) Navasurendrāditya-nandin (644 or 654–685 CE) Jayamaṅgalavikramāditya-nandin (685–710 CE) Nandivikramadityanandin (710–715 CE) Su-fu-che-li-chi-li-ni (name by foreign sources) (715–720 CE)Surendradityanandin (720–740 or 750 CE), last known ruler [ edit ] [ edit ] R. C. Majumdar , on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.
Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE) Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE) Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE) Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE) Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE) Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE) Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE) Jhota (r. c. 750 CE) Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE) Kakka (r. c. 800 CE) Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE) Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler [ edit ] List of rulers– Other Pratihara Branches [ edit ] Baddoch Branch (c. 600 – 700 CE) Known Baddoch rulers are-
Rajogarh Branch Badegujar were rulers ofRajogarh
[ edit ] The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included– [ edit ] Following is a list of Chahamana rulers ofShakambhari ,Ajmer andDelhi with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:[ 11]
[ edit ] Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
[ edit ] The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[ 12]
Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during theSiege of Jalore , but died 21 ⁄2 [ 13] [ 14]
[ edit ] List of Chauhan rulers of Ranastambhapura Serial no. Kings Reign (CE) 1 Govinda-raja 1192 2 Balhana-deva 3 Prahlada-deva 4 Viranarayana 5 Vagabhata 6 Jaitra-simha 7 Shakti-deva 8 Hammira-deva 1283–1311
[ edit ] In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-dayRajasthan :
Guhilas ofNagda -Ahar – most important branch and future ruling dynasty of Mewar. Guhilas of Kishkindha (modernKalyanpur ) Guhilas of Dhavagarta (modernDhor ) [ edit ] List of Guhila dynasty rulers Nu. King (Rawal) Reign (CE) 1 Rawal Guhil 566–586 2 Rawal Bhoj 586–606 3 Rawal Mahendra I 606–626 4 Rawal Naga (Nagaditya) 626–646 5 Rawal Shiladitya 646–661 6 Rawal Aprajeet 661–688 7 Rawal Mahendra II 688–716 8 Bappa Rawal 728–753 9 Rawal Khuman I 753–773 10 Rawal Mattat 773–793 11 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I 793–813 12 Rawal Sinh 813–828 13 Rawal Khuman II 828–853 14 Rawal Mahayak 853–878 15 Rawal Khuman III 878–926 16 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II 926–951 17 Rawal Allat 951–971 18 Rawal Narwahan 971–973 19 Rawal Saliwahan 973–977 20 Rawal Shakti Kumar 977–993 21 Rawal Amba Prasad 993–1007 22 Rawal Shuchivarma 1007–1021 23 Rawal Narvarma 1021–1035 24 Rawal Keertivarma 1035–1051 25 Rawal Yograj 1051–1068 26 Rawal Vairath 1068–1088 27 Rawal Hanspal 1088–1103 28 Rawal Vair Singh 1103–1107 29 Rawal Vijai Singh 1107–1116 30 Rawal Ari Singh I 1116–1138 31 Rawal Chaudh Singh 1138–1148 32 Rawal Vikram Singh 1148–1158 33 Rawal Ran Singh 1158–1168 Post-split Rawal branch rulers 34 Rawal Khshem Singh 1168–1172 35 Rawal Samant Singh 1172–1179 36 Rawal Kumar Singh 1179–1191 37 Rawal Mathan Singh 1191–1211 38 Rawal Padam Singh 1211–1213 39 Rawal Jaitra Singh 1213–1252 40 Rawal Tej Singh 1252–1273 41 Rawal Samar Singh 1273–1302 42 Rawal Ratan Singh 1302–1303
Branching of Guhil dynasty [ edit ] During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.
First (Rawal Branch) Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
Second (Rana Branch) Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishingSisoda bases. LaterHammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.
[ edit ] "Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:
List of Rana branch rulers Nu. King (Rana) Reign (CE) 1 Rahapa/Karna 1168 CE 2 Narapati 3 Dinakara 4 Jasakarna 5 Nagapala 6 Karnapala 7 Bhuvanasimha 8 Bhimasimha 9 Jayasimha 10 Lakhanasimha 11 Arisimha 12 Hammir Singh 1326 CE
[ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty) Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712) Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720) Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724) Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–760), (built the famousMartand Sun Temple inKashmir )Kuvalayaditya (760–761) Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768) Prithivyapida I (768–772) Sangramapida (772–779) Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813) Lalitapida (813–825) Sangramapida II (825–832) Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty) Other puppet rulers underUtpala dynasty are Ajitapida Anangapida Utpalapida Sukhavarma [ edit ] The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:[ 15]
Under theUmayyad Caliphate Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) fromBrahmanabad Hullishāh (712–724 CE) Shishah (until 724 CE) [ edit ] Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha Palaka Kumara Vajradeva Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745) Balavarman II Jivaraja Digleswaravarman Salambha[ 16] Harjjaravarman (815–832) Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855) Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860) Balavarman III (860–880) Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty [ edit ] Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical workGarhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[ 17] [ 18]
Rulers of Garhwal - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs No. Name Reign Years Reigned No. Name Reign Years Reigned No. Name Reign Years Reigned 1 Kanak Pal 688–699 11 21 Vikram Pal 1116–1131 15 41 Vijay Pal 1426–1437 11 2 Shyam Pal 699–725 26 22 Vichitra Pal 1131–1140 9 42 Sahaj Pal 1437–1473 36 3 Pandu Pal 725–756 31 23 Hans Pal 1141–1152 11 43 Bahadur Shah 1473–1498 25 4 Abhijat Pal 756–780 24 24 Som Pal 1152–1159 7 44 Man Shah 1498–1518 20 5 Saugat Pal 781–800 19 25 Kadil Pal 1159–1164 5 45 Shyam Shah 1518–1527 9 6 Ratna Pal 800–849 49 26 Kamadev Pal 1172–1179 7 46 Mahipat Shah 1527–1552 25 7 Shali Pal 850–857 7 27 Sulakshan Dev 1179–1197 18 47 Prithvi Shah 1552–1614 62 8 Vidhi Pal 858–877 19 28 Lakhan Dev 1197–1220 23 48 Medini Shah 1614–1660 46 9 Madan Pal 877–894 17 29 Anand Pal II 1220–1241 21 49 Fateh Shah 1660–1708 48 10 Bhakti Pal 895–919 24 30 Purva Dev 1241–1260 19 50 Upendra Shah 1708–1709 1 11 Jayachand Pal 920–948 28 31 Abhay Dev 1260–1267 7 51 Pradip Shah 1709–1772 63 12 Prithvi Pal 949–971 22 32 Jayaram Dev 1267–1290 23 52 Lalit Shah 1772–1780 8 13 Medinisen Pal 972–995 23 33 Asal Dev 1290–1299 9 53 Jayakrit Shah 1780–1786 6 14 Agasti Pal 995–1014 19 34 Jagat Pal 1299–1311 12 54 Pradyumna Shah 1786–1804 18 15 Surati Pal 1015–1036 21 35 Jit Pal 1311–1330 19 55 Sudarshan Shah 1804–1859 55 16 Jay Pal 1037–1055 18 36 Anant Pal II 1330–1358 28 56 Bhawani Shah 1859–1871 12 17 Anant Pal I 1056–1072 16 37 Ajay Pal 1358–1389 31 57 Pratap Shah 1871–1886 15 18 Anand Pal I 1072–1083 11 38 Kalyan Shah 1389–1398 9 58 Kirti Shah 1886–1913 27 19 Vibhog Pal 1084–1101 17 39 Sundar Pal 1398–1413 15 59 Narendra Shah 1913–1946 33 20 Suvayanu Pal 1102–1115 13 40 Hansadev Pal 1413–1426 13 60 Manabendra Shah 1946–1949 3
[ edit ] Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by theMalla kings ofBishnupur , primarily in the presentBankura district in Indian state ofWest Bengal .[ 19] Mallabhoom ),[ 20]
[ edit ] Badri Datt Pandey , in his bookKumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as following:
King Reign Som Chand 700–721 Atm Chand 721–740 Purn Chand 740–758 Indra Chand 758–778 Sansar Chand 778–813 Sudha Chand 813–833 Hamir Chand 833–856 Vina Chand 856–869 Vir Chand 1065–1080 Rup Chand 1080–1093 Laxmi Chand 1093–1113 Dharm Chand 1113–1121 Karm Chand 1121–1140 Ballal Chand 1140–1149 Nami Chand 1149–1170 Nar Chand 1170–1177 Nanaki Chand 1177–1195 Ram Chand 1195–1205 Bhishm Chand 1205–1226 Megh Chand 1226–1233 Dhyan Chand 1233–1251 Parvat Chand 1251–1261 Thor Chand 1261–1275 Kalyan Chand II 1275–1296 Trilok Chand 1296–1303 Damaru Chand 1303–1321 Dharm Chand 1321–1344 Abhay Chand 1344–1374 Garur Gyan Chand 1374–1419 Harihar Chand 1419–1420 Udyan Chand 1420–1421 Atma Chand II 1421–1422 Hari Chand II 1422–1423 Vikram Chand 1423–1437 Bharati Chand 1437–1450 Ratna Chand 1450–1488 Kirti Chand 1488–1503 Pratap Chand 1503–1517 Tara Chand 1517–1533 Manik Chand 1533–1542 Kalyan Chand III 1542–1551 Purna Chand 1551–1555 Bhishm Chand 1555–1560 Balo Kalyan Chand 1560–1568 Rudra Chand 1568–1597 Laxmi Chand 1597–1621 Dilip Chand 1621–1624 Vijay Chand 1624–1625 Trimal Chand 1625–1638 Baz Bahadur Chand 1638–1678 Udyot Chand 1678–1698 Gyan Chand 1698–1708 Jagat Chand 1708–1720 Devi Chand 1720–1726 Ajit Chand 1726–1729 Kalyan Chand V 1729–1747 Deep Chand 1747–1777 Mohan Chand 1777–1779]] Pradyumn Chand 1779–1786 Mohan Chand 1786–1788 Shiv Chand 1788 Mahendra Chand 1788–1790
[ edit ] The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King[ 23]
List– Vasu Dev (700–849 CE) Basantana Dev (850–870 CE) Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE) Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE) Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE) Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE) Istanga (915–930 CE) Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE) Bhu Dev (955–970 CE) Salonaditya (970–985 CE) Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE) Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE) Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE) Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE) Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE) Bir Dev (Very short period until 1065 CE) [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:[ 26]
Khadag Rai's history ofGwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna Chahamana kingPrithviraja III ). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary kingVikramaditya . It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE). The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846Vikram Samvat ). Abul Fazl 'sAin-i-Akbari Syed Ahmad Khan ) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl wasGupta era , which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.[ 27]
List of Tomara rulers according to various sources[ 28] [ 29] # Abul Fazl 'sAin-i-Akbari Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript Ascension year inCE (according to Gwalior manuscript) Length of reign Years Months Days 1 Ananga Pāla Bilan Dev 736 18 0 0 2 Vasu Deva 754 19 1 18 3 Gangya Ganggeva 773 21 3 28 4 Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) Prathama Mahi Pāla 794 19 6 19 5 Jaya Deva Saha Deva Jadu Pāla 814 20 7 28 6 Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla Indrajita (I) Nai Pāla 834 14 4 9 7 Udiraj (or Adereh) Nara Pāla Jaya Deva Pāla 849 26 7 11 8 Vijaya (or Vacha) Indrajita (II) Chamra Pāla 875 21 2 13 9 Biksha (or Anek) Vacha Raja Bibasa Pāla 897 22 3 16 10 Rīksha Pāla Vira Pāla Sukla Pāla 919 21 6 5 11 Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) Go-Pāla Teja Pāla 940 20 4 4 12 Go-Pāla Tillan Dev Mahi Pāla 961 18 3 15 13 Sallakshana Pāla Suvari Sursen 979 25 10 10 14 Jaya Pāla Osa Pāla Jaik Pāla 1005 16 4 3 15 Kunwar Pāla Kumara Pāla 1021 29 9 18 16 Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla)Ananga Pāla Anek Pāla 1051 29 6 18 17 Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) Teja Pāla Teja Pāla 1081 24 1 6 18 Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) Mahi Pāla Jyūn Pāla 1105 25 2 23 19 Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) Mukund Pāla Ane Pāla 1130 21 2 15 Prithivi Raja (Chahamana) Prithvi Pala 1151
Another resource tells that the son of King Mukundpal Tomar, King Prithvipal Tomar had a son named King Govind Raj Tomar ruled for 1189 to 1192 .
[ edit ] Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-knowncalendar era . Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.[ 30] [ 31]
Note:[ 31]
Earlier historians believed thatVigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession. AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty. According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible. [ edit ] Shilahara Kingdom was split intothree branches:
[ edit ] List of rulers– Sanaphulla (765–795 CE) Dhammayira (795–820 CE) Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE) Avasara I (845–870 CE) Adityavarma (870–895 CE) Avasara II (895–920 CE) Indraraja (920–945 CE) Bhima (945–970 CE) Avasara III (970–995 CE) Rattaraja (995–1020 CE) [ edit ] List of rulers– Kapardin I (800–825 CE)Pullashakti (825–850 CE)Kapardin II (850–880 CE) Vappuvanna (880–910 CE)Jhanjha (910–930 CE)Goggiraja (930–945 CE)Vajjada I (945–965 CE) Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE) Aparajita (975–1010 CE)Vajjada II (1010–1015 CE)Arikesarin (1015–1022 CE)Chhittaraja (1022–1035 CE)Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE) Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE) Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE) Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE)Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE)Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE)Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE) Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE) Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE)Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE) Someshvara (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty[ edit ] List of rulers– Jatiga I (940–960 CE) Naivarman (960–980 CE) Chandra (980–1000 CE) Jatiga II (1000–1020 CE)Gonka (1020–1050 CE)Guhala I (1050 CE) Kirtiraja (1050 CE) Chandraditya (1050 CE) Marsimha (1050–1075 CE)Guhala II (1075–1085 CE) Bhoja I (1085–1100 CE)Ballala (1100–1108 CE) Gonka II (1108 CE) Gandaraditya I (1108–1138 CE)Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE)Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE)[ edit ] Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty Indrayudha Chakrayudha (until 810)[ 37] [ 38] [ edit ] TheChandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty inCentral India . They ruled much of theBundelkhand region (then calledJejakabhukti ) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.
Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):[ 39] [ 40]
Nannuka , (c. 831-845 CE)Vakpati (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) andVijayashakti (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)Rahila (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)Shri Harsha (Śri Harśa), (c. 905-925 CE)Yasho-Varman (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)Dhanga-Deva (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)Ganda-Deva (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)Vidyadhara (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)Vijaya-Pala (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)Deva-Varman , (c. 1050-1060 CE)Kirtti-Varman (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)Sallakshana-Varman (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)Jaya-Varman , (c. 1110-1120 CE)Prithvi-Varman (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)Madana-Varman , (c. 1128-1165 CE)Yasho-Varman II (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short timeParamardi-Deva , (c. 1165-1203 CE)Trailokya-Varman , (c. 1203-1245 CE)Vira-Varman (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)Bhoja-Varman , (c. 1285-1288 CE)Hammira-Varman (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)[ 41] [ edit ] Dridhaprahara Seunachandra (850–874) Dhadiyappa (874–900) Bhillama I (900–925) Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974) Dhadiyappa II (974–975) Bhillama II (975–1005)Vesugi I (1005–1020) Bhillama III (1020–1055) Vesugi II (1055–1068) Bhillama III (1068) Seunachandra II (1068–1085) Airamadeva (1085–1115) Singhana I (1115–1145) Mallugi I (1145–1150) Amaragangeyya (1150–1160) Govindaraja (1160) Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165) Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173) Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani ChalukyaJaitugi I (1192–1200)Singhana II (1200–1247)Kannara (1247–1261)Mahadeva (1261–1271)Amana (1271)Ramachandra (1271–1312)Singhana III (1312–1313) Harapaladeva (1313–1318) Mallugi III (1318–1334) [ edit ] According to historical 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."[ 42]
After death ofMahalakadeva in 1305 CE, Paramara dynasty rule was ended inMalwa region, but not in otherParmar states .
[ edit ] Ruler Reign Avantivarman 853/855 – 883 CE Shankaravarman 883 – 902 CE Gopalavarman 902 – 904 CE Sankata 904 CE Sugandha 904 – 906 CE Partha 906 – 921 CE Nirjitavarman 921 – 922 CE Chakravarman 922 – 933 CE Shuravarman I 933 – 934 CE Partha (2nd reign) 934 – 935 CE Chakravarman (2nd reign) 935 CE Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) 935 – 936 CE Chakravarman (3rd reign) 936 – 937 CE Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") 937 – 939 CE Shuravarman II 939 CE Yashaskara-deva 939 CE Varnata 948 CE Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) 948 CE Parvagupta 948 – 950 CE Kshemagupta 950 – 958 CE Abhimanyu II 958 – 972 CE Nandigupta 972 – 973 CE Tribhuvanagupta 973 – 975 CE Bhimagupta 975 – 980 CE Didda 980 to 1009/1012 CE
Didda (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placedSamgrāmarāja , son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of theLohara dynasty
[ edit ] HistorianKrishna Chandra Panigrahi provides the following chronology of the later Somavamshis:[ 43]
Name (IAST ) Regnal name (IAST) Reign Janmejaya I Mahābhavagupta I c. 882–922 Yayāti I Mahāśivagupta I (Mahashivagupta) c. 922–955 Bhīmaratha Mahābhavagupta II c. 955–980 Dharmaratha Mahāśivagupta II c. 980–1005 Nahuṣa (Nahusha) Mahābhavagupta III c. 1005–1021 Yayāti II Candihara (Chandihara) Mahāśivagupta III c. 1025–1040 Uddyotakeśarī (Uddyotakeshari) Mahābhavagupta IV c. 1040–1065 Janmejaya II Mahāśivagupta IV c. 1065–1085 Purañjaya Mahābhavagupta V c. 1085–1110 Karṇadeva Mahāśivagupta V c. 1100–1110
[ edit ] [ edit ] The following is a list of Paramara rulers of Chandravati, with approximate regnal years, as estimated by epigraphist H. V. Trivedi.[ 44] [ 45]
Regional Name IAST NameReign (CE) Utpala-raja Utpalarāja c. 910–930 Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja Arṇṇorāja, or Araṇyarāja c. 930–950 Krishna-raja Kṛṣṇarāja c. 950–979 Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha Dhāravarāha or Dharaṇīvarāha c. 970–990 Dhurbhata Dhūrbhaṭa c. 990–1000 Mahi-pala Mahīpāla c. 1000–1020 Dhandhuka Dhaṃdhuka c. 1020–1040 Punya-pala or Purna-pala Puṇyapāla or Pūrṇapāla c. 1040–1050 Danti-varmman Daṃtivarmman c. 1050–1060 Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II Kṛṣṇadeva, or Kṛṣṇarāja II c. 1060–1090 Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva Kakkaladeva, or Kākaladeva c. 1090–1115 Vikrama-simha Vikramāsiṃha c. 1115–1145 Yasho-dhavala Yaśodhavala c. 1145–1160 Rana-simha Raṇāsiṃha ? Dhara-varsha Dhāravarṣa c. 1160–1220
[ edit ] [ edit ] Known Maryul rulers are- [ edit ] The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:[ 46] [ 47] [ 48]
Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460–1485)Unknown ruler (c. 1485–1510)Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535) Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555) Tashi Namgyal (c. 1555–1575) Tsewang Namgyal I (c. 1575–1595) Namgyal Gonpo (c.1595–1600) Jamyang Namgyal (c. 1595–1616)Sengge Namgyal (first rule, c. 1616–1623)Norbu Namgyal (c. 1623–1624) Sengge Namgyal (second rule, c. 1624–1642)Deldan Namgyal (c. 1642–1694) Delek Namgyal (c. 1680–1691) Nyima Namgyal (c. 1694–1729) Deskyong Namgyal (c. 1729–1739) Phuntsog Namgyal (c. 1739–1753) Tsewang Namgyal II (c. 1753–1782) Tseten Namgyal (c. 1782–1802) Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (c. 1802–1837, 1839–1840)Kunga Namgyal II (c. 1840–1842) LaterLadakh was conquered bySikh Empire in 1842 CE. [ edit ] The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:[ 49] [ 50]
[ edit ] [ edit ] Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000) Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015) Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035) Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055) Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085) Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090) Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105) Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130) Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194) Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196) [ edit ] Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000) Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035) Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045) Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070) Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100) [ edit ] Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090) Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105) Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125) Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty[ 51] [ 52] [ edit ] Kachwahas King Sorha Dev andDulha Rao defeatedMeena ofDhundhar kingdom and established theKachwaha dynasty ,[ 53] Jaipur district ofRajasthan .
27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)[ 54] 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036Dulha Rao (d. 1036)[ 54] 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)[ 54] 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)[ 54] 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)[ 54] 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)[ 54] 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)[ 54] 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)[ 54] 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)[ 54] 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)[ 54] 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)[ 54] 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)[ 54] 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)[ 54] 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)[ 54] 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)[ 54] 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)[ 54] 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)[ 54] 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527Prithviraj Singh I (d. 1527)[ 55] 5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534Puranmal (d. 1534)[ 56] 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537Bhim Singh (d. 1537) 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548Ratan Singh (d. 1548) 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548Askaran (d. 1599) 1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574Bharmal (d. 1574) 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589Bhagwant Das (b. 1527 – d. 1589) 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614Man Singh (b. 1550 – d. 1614) 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621Bhau Singh (d. 1621) 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667Jai Singh I (b. 1611 – d. 1667) 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688:Ram Singh I (b. 1640 – d. 1688) 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699:Bishan Singh (b. 1672 – d. 1699) 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743:Jai Singh II (b. 1688 – d. 1743) 1743 – 12 Dec 1750:Ishwari Singh (b. 1721 – d. 1750) Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768:Madho Singh I (b. 1728 – d. 1768)[ 57] 7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778:Prithvi Singh II [ 58] 1778 – 1803:Pratap Singh (b. 1764 – d. 1803) 1803 – 21 Nov 1818:Jagat Singh II (b. ... – d. 1818) 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819:Mohan Singh (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...) 25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835:Jai Singh III (b. 1819 – d. 1835) Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880:Ram Singh II (b. 1835 – d. 1880) 18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922:Madho Singh II (b. 1861 – d. 1922) 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary):Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970) 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent):Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970) He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexedJaipur State withUnion of India in 1949 CE.[ 59]
Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to theIndian Constitution .
[ edit ] [ edit ] TheLohara dynasty wereHindu rulers ofKashmir from theKhasa tribe ,[ 60] [ 61] Indian subcontinent , between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by theSamgramaraja , the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of theUtpala dynasty QueenDidda .
First Lohara dynasty [ edit ] Ruler Reign[ 62] ! Ascension year Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati)25 Years 1003 CE Hariraja 22 days 1028 CE Ananta-deva 35 Years 1028 CE Kalasha (Ranaditya II) 26 Years 1063 CE Utkarsha 22 days 1089 CE Harsha 12 Years died in 1101 CE
Second Lohara dynasty [ edit ] Radda (Shankharaja) Salhana Sussala Bhikshachara Sussala (2nd reign) Jayasimha (Sinha-deva) [ edit ] The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned byGiuseppe Tucci is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:[ 63]
List– Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty) Chaap/Cāpa Chapilla/Cāpilla Krashichalla Kradhichalla Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE) Ashoka Challa (1223–1287) Jitari Malla Ananda Malla Ripu Malla (1312–1313) Sangrama Malla Aditya Malla Kalyana Malla Pratapa Malla Punya Malla Prithvi Malla Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty) [ edit ] Raghunath Sai (1005–1040) Pratap Narayan Deo (1040–1072) Birabar Deo (1072–1108) Jugasai Deo I (1108–1142) Udenarayan Deo (1142–1173) Harichandra Deo (1173–1201) Ramachandra Deo (1201–1234) Gopinath Deo (1234–1271) Balabhadra Deo (1271–1306 Raghuraj Deo (1306–1337) Rai Singh Deo I (1337–1366) Haria Deo (1366–1400) Jugasai Deo II (1400–1436) Pratap Narayan Deo II (1436–1468) Hari Rudra Deo (1468–1496) Anku Deo (1496–1528) Pratap Deo (1528–1564) Raghunath Deo (1564–1594) Biswambhar Deo (1594–1627) Rai Singh Deo II (1627–1658) Dusmant Deo (1658–1693) Jugasai Deo III (1693–1721) Khadag Rai Deo (1721–1747) Rai Singh Deo III (1747–1771) Purusottam Deo (1771–1796) Jugasai Dei IV (1796–1831) Fateh Narayan Deo (1831–1853) Udit Pratap Deo I (1853–1881) Raghu Keshari De (1894–1897) Court of Wards (1897–1917)Brajamohan Deo (1917–1939) Pratap Keshari Deo (1939–1947)[ edit ] [ edit ]
Beta I (1000–1030) Prola I (1030–1075) Beta II (1075–1110) Prola II (1110–1158)Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty] Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva] Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)] Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty] [ edit ] List of rulers– [ edit ] List of rulers–[ 68] [ 69] [ edit ] List of rulers Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty Ratnadhwajpal(1224–1250) Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278) Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302) Gauradhwajpal(1302–1322) Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343) Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361) Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383) Karmadhwajpal(1383–1401) Satyanarayan (1401–1421) Laksminarayan(1421–1439) Dharmanarayan(1439–1458) Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480) Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502) Dharmadhajpal(1502–1522) Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] After the invasion ofTimur in 1398, the governor ofMultan ,Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.
[ edit ] Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399) Mubarak Shah (1399–1402) Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440) Mahmud Shah(1440–1457) Muhammad Shah (1457–1458) Hussain Shah (1458–1479) [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242) Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279) [ edit ] Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur [ edit ] [ edit ] Name Reign began Reign ended 1 Rao Siha 1226 1273 2 Rao Asthan 1273 1292 3 Rao Doohad 1292 1309 4 Rao Raipal 1309 1313 5 Rao Kanhapal 1313 1323 6 Rao Jalansi 1323 1328 7 Rao Chado 1328 1344 8 Rao Tida 1344 1357 9 Rao Kanha Dev 1357 1374 10 Rao Viram Dev 1374 1383 11 Rao Chandra 1383 1424 12 Rao Kanha 1424 1427 13 RaoRanmal 1427 1438
[ edit ] [ edit ] The list of Swargadeos of theAhom Kingdom Years Reign Ahom name Other names succession End of reign Capital 1228–1268 40y Sukaphaa natural death Charaideo 1268–1281 13y Suteuphaa son of Sukaphaa natural death Charaideo 1281–1293 8y Subinphaa son of Suteuphaa natural death Charaideo 1293–1332 39y Sukhaangphaa son of Subinphaa natural death Charaideo 1332–1364 32y Sukhrangpha son of Sukhaangphaa natural death Charaideo 1364–1369 5y Interregnum[ 70] 1369–1376 7y Sutuphaa brother of Sukhrangphaa[ 71] assassinated[ 72] Charaideo 1376–1380 4y Interregnum 1380–1389 9y Tyao Khamti brother of Sutuphaa assassinated[ 73] Charaideo 1389–1397 8y Interregnum 1397–1407 10y Sudangphaa Baamuni Konwar son of Tyao Khaamti[ 74] natural death Charagua 1407–1422 15y Sujangphaa son of Sudangphaa natural death 1422–1439 17y Suphakphaa son of Sujangpha natural death 1439–1488 49y Susenphaa son of Suphakphaa natural death 1488–1493 5y Suhenphaa son of Susenphaa assassinated[ 75] 1493–1497 4y Supimphaa son of Suhenphaa natural death 1497–1539 42y Suhungmung Swarganarayan ,son of Supimphaa assassinated[ 76] Bakata 1539–1552 13y Suklenmung Garhgayaan Rojaa son of Suhungmung natural death Garhgaon 1552–1603 51y Sukhaamphaa Khuraa Rojaa son of Suklenmung natural death Garhgaon 1603–1641 38y Susenghphaa Prataap Singha ,son of Sukhaamphaa natural death Garhgaon 1641–1644 3y Suramphaa Jayaditya Singha, son of Susenghphaa deposed[ 77] Garhgaon 1644–1648 4y Sutingphaa Noriyaa Rojaa brother of Suramphaa deposed[ 78] Garhgaon 1648–1663 15y Sutamla Jayadhwaj Singha, son of Sutingphaa natural death Garhgaon/Bakata 1663–1670 7y Supangmung Chakradhwaj Singha cousin of Sutamla[ 79] natural death Bakata/Garhgaon 1670–1672 2y Sunyatphaa Udayaditya Singha brother of Supangmung[ 80] deposed[ 81] 1672–1674 2y Suklamphaa Ramadhwaj Singha brother of Sunyatphaa poisoned[ 82] 1674–1675 21d Suhung [ 83] Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung deposed[ 84] 1675-1675 24d Gobar Roja great-grandson of Suhungmung[ 85] deposed[ 86] 1675–1677 2y Sujinphaa [ 87] Arjun Konwar, grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain deposed, suicide[ 88] 1677–1679 2y Sudoiphaa Parvatia Rojaa great-grandson of Suhungmung[ 89] deposed, killed[ 90] 1679–1681 3y Sulikphaa Ratnadhwaj Singha, Samaguria family deposed, killed[ 91] 1681–1696 15y Supaatphaa Gadadhar Singha son of Gobar Rojaa natural death Borkola 1696–1714 18y Sukhrungphaa Rudra Singha son of Supaatphaa natural death Rangpur 1714–1744 30y Sutanphaa Siva Singha son Sukhrungphaa natural death 1744–1751 7y Sunenphaa Pramatta Singha brother of Sutanphaa natural death 1751–1769 18y Suremphaa Rajeswar Singha brother of Sunenphaa natural death 1769–1780 11y Sunyeophaa Lakshmi Singha brother of Suremphaa natural death 1780–1795 15y Suhitpangphaa Gaurinath Singha son of Sunyeophaa natural death Jorhat 1795–1811 16y Suklingphaa Kamaleswar Singha great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha[ 92] natural death, smallpox Jorhat 1811–1818 7y Sudingphaa (1)Chandrakaanta Singha brother of Suklingphaa deposed[ 93] Jorhat 1818–1819 1y Purandar Singha (1)descendant of Suremphaa[ 93] deposed[ 94] Jorhat 1819–1821 2y Sudingphaa (2)Chandrakaanta Singha fled the capital[ 95] 1821–1822 1y Jogeswar Singha 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler[ 96] removed[ 97] 1833–1838 Purandar Singha (2)[ 98]
[ edit ] The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:
Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya. [ edit ] List of rulers– [ edit ] List of rulers– Ratna Manikya (1280 CE) Pratap Manikya (1350 CE) Mukul Manikya (1400 CE) On 9 September 1949, "Tripura Merger Agreement ", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 &Tripura became part ofIndian Union .[ 100]
[ edit ] The Nayakas were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire. It is unknown, in fact, if these founded dynasties were related, being branches of a major family, or if they were completely different families. Historians tend to group them by location.
[ edit ] The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:
Chinna Bommi Reddy Thimma Reddy Nayak Lingama Nayak Other Nayaka kingdoms [ edit ] [ edit ] List of rulers– Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335), founder of dynastyAnavota Reddy (1335–1364) Anavema Reddy (1364–1386) Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402) Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414) Allada Reddy (1414–1423) Veerabhadra Reddy(1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty [ edit ] List of rulers– According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:[ 107]
Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE Atirupa Thakur Vishwarupa Thakur Govinda Thakur Lakshman Thakur Kameshwar Thakur Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running internecine dispute Kirti Singh Bhava Singh Deva Deva Simha Singh Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in 1406[ 108] [ 109] Lakhima Devi , chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled for 12 years fromRaj Banauli . She committedsati after many years of waiting for her husband's return.[ 108] [ 110] Padma Simha Singh , took power in 1418 and died in 1431[ 108] Viswavasa Devi , wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh Nara Singh Deva , died in 1460Dhir Singh Deva Bhairva Singh Deva , died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh DevaRambhadra Deva Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE [ edit ] Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four different dynasties for about 310 years on entireSouth India .[ 111]
[ edit ] [ edit ] Ghoris (1390–1436 CE) Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405) Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436) Masud Khan (1436) Khaljis (1436–1535 CE) [ edit ] List of Kingdoms and their rulers are [ edit ] Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE) Gajanka (1385–1400 CE) Sukranka (1400–1415 CE) Mriganka (1415–1440 CE) [ edit ] [ edit ] The Tomara rulers ofGwalior include the following.[ 112] [ 113]
Name in dynasty's inscriptions (IAST ) Reign Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature Vīrasiṃha-deva 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (inBadauni 's writings), Nar Singh (inFirishta 's and Nizamuddin's writings).[ 114] Uddharaṇa-deva 1400–1402 CE Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)[ 115] Virāma-deva 1402–1423 CE Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (inFirishta 's writings) Gaṇapati-deva 1423–1425 CE Ganpati Dev Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha 1425–1459 CE Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen Kirtisiṃha-deva 1459–1480 CE Kirti Singh Tomar Kalyāṇamalla 1480–1486 CE Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh Māna-siṃha 1486–1516 CE Mana Sahi, Man Singh Vikramāditya 1516–1523 CE Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit
[ edit ] List of rulers [ edit ] Rulers– [ edit ] Rulers– [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] List of known rulers– Vanagamudi Gatti Immudi Gatti Gatti Mudali [ edit ] [ edit ] List of Maharajas of Cochin
[ edit ] List of Maharajas of Koch
[ edit ] List of emperors of the Mughal Empire
[ edit ] List of rulers of the Sur Empire
Lists of Gajapatis
List of rulers of Khurda
[ edit ] List of Chogyals of Sikkim
[ edit ] List of Chhatrapatis of the Marathas
[ edit ] List of Thanjavur Maratha rulers
[ edit ] List of Peshwas
[ edit ] List of Maharajas of Baroda
[ edit ] List of Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior
[ edit ] List of Maharajas of Indore
[ edit ] List of rulers [ edit ] Rulers- Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1686–1730), first rulerVijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I (1730–1769)Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769–1789)Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (December 1789–February 1, 1807)Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II (February 1, 1807–June 1825)Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825–July 13, 1839)Ramachandra Tondaiman (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)Rajagopala Tondaiman (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947), last ruler[ edit ] Rulers–[ 116] Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), founder of kingdom Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780) Velu Nachiyar (1780–1790)Vellacci (1790–1793)Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last independent ruler Zamindar underBritish rule (1803–1947)[ edit ] Rulers– [ edit ] List of rulers– Raghunath Rao (1769–1796) Shiv Hari Rao (1796–1811) Ramchandra Rao (1811–1835) Raghunath Rao III (1835–1838) Sakku Bai Rao (1838–1839) Gangadhar Rao (1843–1853)Rani Lakshmi Bai as regent ofDamodar Rao of Jhansi (21 November 1853 – 10 March 1854, 4 June 1857 – 4/5 April 1858)[ 117] [ edit ] Phulkian dynasty
Maharaja of Patiala
Nabha State
Jind State
[ edit ] Maharaja of Punjab
Smaller Muslim polities [ edit ] [ edit ] Maharaja of Kashmir and Jammu
[ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] Other lists of monarchs [ edit ]
^ Cunningham, Alexander (1877).Inscriptions of Asoka ^ Inscriptions of Asoka de D.C. Sircarp.30 ^ Misra, V.S. (2007).Ancient Indian Dynasties , Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan,ISBN 81-7276-413-8 , pp.283-8, 384 ^ Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (2006).Political History Of Ancient India ISBN 9788130702919 . Retrieved25 October 2012 . ^ R. T. Vyas; Umakant Premanand Shah (1995).Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects ISBN 9788170173168 . Retrieved12 November 2012 . ^ "The Historical Value of Gangavamsanucharita Champu" (PDF) .www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in . Retrieved22 September 2018 .^ V. V. Mirashi (1974).Bhavabhuti ISBN 978-81-208-1180-5 ^ P. C. Roy (1980)."The Coinage of the Kalachuris of Ratnapura" .The Coinage of Northern India . Abhinav Publications.ISBN 978-81-7017-122-5 ^ von Hinüber, Oskar, Professor Emeritus, University of Freiburg."Bronzes of the Ancient Buddhist Kingdom of Gilgit" .www.metmuseum.org . {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^ "Metropolitan Museum of Art" .www.metmuseum.org .^ R. B. Singh (1964).History of the Chāhamānas 51– 70.OCLC 11038728 . ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979).The Chahamanas of Jalor OCLC 12737199 . ^ Dasharatha Sharma (1959).Early Chauhān Dynasties ISBN 978-0-8426-0618-9 ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979 , p. 53.^ Wink, André (1996) [First published 1990].Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World . Vol. I (3rd ed.). BRILL. pp. 152– 153.ISBN 978-90-04-09249-5 ^ Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates,Sharma, Mukunda Manhava (1978).Inscriptions of Ancient Assam ^ "Kingdom that Mughals could never win" .The Tribune . 22 February 2016. Retrieved29 January 2018 .^ International Cyclopaedia: A Library of Universal Knowledge . Vol. 6. Dodd, Mead & Company. 1885. p. 451.^ "Bishnupur" .Britannica .Mallabhum kingdom ^ Steemers, Koen (2000).Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000 : July 2000 ... ISBN 1902916166 ^ Dasgupta, Gautam Kumar; Biswas, Samira; Mallik, Rabiranjan (2009).Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur 31– 43.ISBN 978-81-8324-294-3 ^ Mallik, Abhaya Pada (1921).History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal 128– 130. Retrieved11 March 2016 . ^ Handa 2002 , p. 28 to 32.^ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) [First published 1988].Ancient Indian History and Civilization 264– 668.ISBN 81-224-1198-3 ^ Georg Bühler , 'Pâiyalachchhî Nâmamâlâ', in Beiträge zur Kunde der Indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. 4, edited by Adalbert Bezzenberger (Göttingen, 1878) and B. J. Dośī, Pāia-lacchīnāmamāla (Prākṛta-Lakṣmināmamālā) (Bombay, 1960): v. 276^ Alexander Cunningham, ed. (1871).Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862–1884 141– 145.OCLC 421335527 . ^ D. C. Ganguly (1981). R. S. Sharma (ed.).A Comprehensive History of India (A. D. 300–985) ^ Alexander Cunningham 1871 , p. 149.^ Jagbir Singh (2002).The Jat Rulers of Upper Doab: Three Centuries of Aligarh Jat Nobility ISBN 978-81-7910-016-5 ^a b Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1994).Ancient India, History and Archaeology 33– 41.ISBN 978-81-7017-304-5 ^a b Susan L. Huntington (1984).The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture 32– 39.ISBN 90-04-06856-2 ^ R. C. Majumdar (1971).History of Ancient Bengal . G. Bharadwaj. p. 161–162.^ Abdul Momin Chowdhury (1967).Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE . Asiatic Society of Pakistan. pp. 272– 273. ^ Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1977).Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. ISBN 978-81-7017-059-4 ^ Dineshchandra Sircar (1975–1976). "Indological Notes - R.C. Majumdar's Chronology of the Pala Kings".Journal of Ancient Indian History .IX :209– 10.^ "Nasik History - Ancient Period" . State Government of Maharashtra. Archived fromthe original on 29 April 2005. Retrieved14 October 2006 .^ Sen 1999 , p. 264.^ "Kannauj after Harsha" .Jagran Josh . 14 October 2015.^ Dikshit, R. K. (1976).The Candellas of Jejākabhukti ISBN 978-81-7017-046-4 ^ Sullerey, Sushil Kumar (2004).Chandella Art ISBN 978-81-87879-32-9 ^ Jackson, Peter (2003).The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3 ^ Jain, Kailash Chand (1972).Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D ISBN 978-81-208-0824-9 ^ Smith, Walter (1994).The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar 23– 24.ISBN 978-81-208-0793-8 ^ Dániel Balogh (2012). "Raṇasiṃha Revisited: A New Copper-plate Inscription of the Candrāvatī Paramāra Dynasty".Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society . Third Series.22 (1): 103.JSTOR 41490376 . ^ Dániel Balogh (2010). "A Copperplate Land Grant by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī Paramāras".Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae .63 (3): 270.doi :10.1556/AOrient.63.2010.3.3 .JSTOR 23659005 . ^ Petech, Luciano (1977).The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D . Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. pp. 171– 172. ^ Sali, M. L. (20 April 1998).India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector ISBN 9788170249641 . Retrieved20 April 2018 – via Google Books. ^ Kaul, H. N. (20 April 1998).Rediscovery of Ladakh ISBN 9788173870866 . Retrieved20 April 2018 – via Google Books. ^ Romila Thapar (2008).Somanatha ISBN 9780143064688 ^ A. K. Majumdar (1956).Chaulukyas of Gujarat . Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 199.OCLC 4413150 . ^ Michael D. Willis (1996)."Architecture in Central India under the Kacchapaghata Rulers" .South Asian Studies .12 (1): 14.doi :10.1080/02666030.1996.9628506 . ^ "Exploration Of Kadwaha, District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh (2009-2010)" . Bhopal: Archaeological Survey of India (Temple Survey Project). Archived fromthe original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved9 May 2016 .^ Prasad, Rajiva Nain (1966).Raja Man Singh of Amber 1 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Prasad (1966 , pp. 1–3)^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1994) [1984].A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938 ISBN 81-250-0333-9 ^ Sarkar (1994 , p. 33)^ Sarkar (1994 , p. 259)^ Sarkar (1994 , p. 260)^ Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10 ^ Stein 1989b , p. 433.^ Thakur 1990 , p. 287.^ Stein, Marc Aurel (1979) [First published 1900].Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir 133– 138.ISBN 9780896841017 ^ Tucci 1956 , p. 66.^ Sen 1999 , p. 272.^ Niyogi 1959 , pp. 115–117.^ Niyogi 1959 , p. 38.^ Niyogi 1959 , p. 41.^ Hodgson, B. H. (1835)."Account of a Visit to the Ruins of Simroun, once the capital of the Mithila province" .Journal of the Asiatic Society .4 : 121−124. ^ Chaudhary, Radhakrishna.Mithilak Itihas 70– 112.ISBN 9789380538280 ^ Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers administered the kingdom without a king for five years (Gogoi 1968 , p. 273). Gait and others do not record this (Gait 1906 , p. 358), though Baruah does (Baruah 1993 , p. 282) ^ Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar (Gogoi 1968 , p. 273) ^ Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of theChutiya kingdom on a barge ride on Suffry river (Gogoi 1968 :273). ^ Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for their autocratic rule (Gogoi 1968 :274). ^ Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin household of Habung (Gogoi 1968 :274–275). ^ Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for being accused of theft (Gogoi 1968 :282). ^ Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son, Suklenmung (Gogoi 1968 :309). ^ Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son (Gogoi 1968 :386). He was later murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding Swargadeo. ^ Sutingphaa was a sickly king (Noriaya Raja ), who participated in an intrigue by his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers. He was deposed and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla (Gogoi 1968 :391–392). ^ Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (Deo Raja ), the second son ofSuhungmung (Gogoi 1968 :448). ^ TheMaju Gohain , the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. (Gogoi 1968 , p. 470) ^ Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed the next day. Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group (Gogoi 1968 :479–482). This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua,Atan Burhagohain and Laluk-sola Borphukan in succession. This period ended with the accession ofGadadhar Singha . ^ Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried to assert his authority (Gogoi 1968 :484). ^ Deyell, John S.Ahom Language Coins of Assam . ^ The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later executed, along with his queen and her brother (Gogoi 1968 :486). ^ Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son ofSuhungmung Dihingiya Roja. ^ Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by theSaraighatias (the commanders of Saraighat/Guwahati), led byAtan Burhagohain (Gogoi 1968 :486–488). Their target was thede facto ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed. ^ After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20 days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar Raja two more Prince rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year (e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N. (1987).Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung ) ^ Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against thede facto ruler,Atan Burhagohain , but was routed in a skirmish. Sujinphaa was blinded and held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone (Gogoi 1968 :489). ^ Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng (Gogoi 1968 :490). ^ Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the Burhaphukan, and later executed.Atan Burhagohain , the powerful minister, had been executed earlier (Gogoi 1968 :492–493). ^ Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed byGadadhar Singha (Gogoi 1968 :496–497). ^ Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of Lechai, the second son ofGadadhar Singha . Kadam Dighala, who could not become the king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign (Baruah 1993 :148–150). ^a b Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined as a prisoner near Jorhat (Baruah 1993 :221). The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a descendant ofSuremphaa Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead (Gait 1906 :223). ^ Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February 1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands. Kiamingi brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king (Baruah 1993 :221–222). ^ Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army ofBagyidaw king of Burma, led by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat (Baruah 1993 :223). ^ Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens ofBagyidaw . He was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa (Baruah 1993 :223). ^ Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 (Baruah 1993 :225). ^ Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of Upper Assam (Baruah 1993 :244). ^ "genealogy of the royal house of jaffna" . Archived fromthe original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved16 July 2021 .^ Suresh K. Sharma,Documents on North-East India: Tripura , pp. 93-95 ^ The list presented for the Gingee line follows Srinivasachari, which takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and notes governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464. ^ Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009).Sadashiva Nayaka reign ISBN 9780871843081 . Retrieved30 June 2015 . ^ Somasekhara Sarma, Mallampalli (1946).History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.) ^ Rama Rao, M. (1947). "The Fall of Warangal and After".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress .10 : 295.JSTOR 44137150 .It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs. ^ Howes, Jennifer (1 January 1998).The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship . Psychology Press. p. 28.ISBN 07-0071-585-1 ^ Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998).Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu . Oxford University Press. p. 18. ^ Jha, Makhan (1997).Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective 155– 157.ISBN 9788175330344 ^a b c Love Songs of Vidyāpati . Translated by Bhattacharya, Deben. London: G. Allen & Unwin. 1963.^ Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1915).Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the Love of Rādhā and Krishna . London: The Old Bourne Press. ^ Upendra Thakur (1956).History of Mithila 320– 322. ^ Dhere, Ramchandra (2011).Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research ISBN 9780199777648 ^ Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty (1984).Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history 98– 116.ISBN 978-0-391-03223-1 ^ B. D. Misra (1993).Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland 27– 46.ISBN 978-81-7304-047-4 ^ Kishori Saran Lal (1963).Twilight of the Sultanate OCLC 500687579 . ^ Sant Lal Katare (1975)."Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior" .Journal of the Oriental Institute .XXIII . Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University: 346. ^ K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938,A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State , p.720 ^ Guida M. Jackson; Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer (1999).Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide ISBN 9781576070918 ^a b George VI retained the title "Emperor of India " until 22 June 1948. ^ Vickers, Hugo (2006),Elizabeth: The Queen Mother , Arrow Books/Random House, p. 175,ISBN 978-0-09-947662-7 Baruah, S. L. (1993).Last Days of Ahom Monarchy . New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.OCLC 31777697 . Gait, Edward A. (1906).A History of Assam Gnyawali, Surya Bikram (1 December 1971) [1962],"The Malla Kings of Western Nepal" (PDF) ,Regmi Research Series ,3 (12):265– 268 Gogoi, Padmeshwar (1968).The Tai and the Tai kingdoms . Gauhati University.OCLC 199460 . Handa, O. C. (Omacanda) (2002).History of Uttaranchal ISBN 9788173871344 Niyogi, Roma (1959).The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty OCLC 5386449 . Pande, Badri Datt (1993).History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun ka itihas" .Almora : Shyam Prakashan.ISBN 81-85865-01-9 Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976).History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. OCLC 2929852 . Stein, Mark Aurel (1989a) [1900].Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 1 ISBN 978-81-208-0369-5 . Retrieved11 July 2011 .Stein, Mark Aurel (1989b) [1900].Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 2 ISBN 978-81-208-0370-1 . Retrieved10 July 2011 . Thakur, Laxman S. (1990)."The Khaśas: An Early Indian Tribe" . In K. K. Kusuman (ed.).A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume . Mittal Publications. pp. 285– 293.ISBN 978-81-7099-214-1 Tucci, Giuseppe (1956).Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal ISBN 978-88-575-2684-3 List of Indian Kings Serial Wise
Timeline and Northwestern IndiaPunjab -Sapta Sindhu ) Indo-Gangetic Plain Central India Southern India Upper Gangetic PlainGanga-Yamuna doab ) Middle Gangetic Plain Lower Gangetic Plain IRON AGE Culture LateVedic Period LateVedic Period Srauta culture)[ a] Painted Grey Ware culture LateVedic Period Shramanic culture )[ b] Northern Black Polished Ware Pre-history 6th century BCE Gandhara Kuru -Panchala Magadha Adivasi (tribes) Assaka Culture Persian-Greek influences "Second Urbanisation " Rise of Shramana movements Jainism -Buddhism -Ājīvika -Yoga Pre-history 5th century BCE (Persian conquests ) Shaishunaga dynasty Adivasi (tribes) Assaka 4th century BCE (Greek conquests ) Nanda empire HISTORICAL AGE Culture Spread of Buddhism Pre-history 3rd century BCE Maurya Empire Satavahana dynasty Sangam period Early Cholas Early Pandyan kingdom Cheras Culture Preclassical Hinduism [ c] "Hindu Synthesis" [ d] [ e] [ f] Epics -Puranas -Ramayana -Mahabharata -Bhagavad Gita -Brahma Sutras -Smarta Tradition Mahayana Buddhism 2nd century BCE Indo-Greek Kingdom Shunga Empire Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty Satavahana dynasty Sangam period Early Cholas Early Pandyan kingdom Cheras 1st century BCE 1st century CE Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthians
Kuninda Kingdom 2nd century Kushan Empire 3rd century Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom Kushan Empire Western Satraps Kamarupa kingdomAdivasi (tribes) Culture "Golden Age of Hinduism" (ca. CE 320-650)[ g] Puranas 4th century Kidarites Gupta Empire Varman dynasty Andhra Ikshvakus Kalabhra dynasty Kadamba Dynasty Western Ganga Dynasty 5th century Hephthalite Empire Alchon Huns Vishnukundina Kalabhra dynasty 6th century Nezak Huns Kabul Shahi Maitraka Adivasi (tribes) Vishnukundina Badami Chalukyas Kalabhra dynasty Culture Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. CE 650-1100)[ h] Advaita Vedanta -Tantra Decline of Buddhism in India 7th century Indo-Sassanids Vakataka dynasty Empire of Harsha Mlechchha dynasty Adivasi (tribes) Badami Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Pandyan kingdom (revival) Pallava 8th century Kabul Shahi Pala Empire Eastern Chalukyas Pandyan kingdom Kalachuri 9th century Gurjara-Pratihara Rashtrakuta Empire Eastern Chalukyas Pandyan kingdom Medieval Cholas Chera Perumals of Makkotai 10th century Ghaznavids Pala dynasty Kamboja-Pala dynasty Kalyani Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Medieval Cholas Chera Perumals of Makkotai Rashtrakuta References and sources for table
References
^ Samuel ^ Samuel ^ Michaels (2004) p.39 ^ Hiltebeitel (2002) ^ Michaels (2004) p.39 ^ Hiltebeitel (2002) ^ Michaels (2004) p.40 ^ Michaels (2004) p.41 Sources
Flood, Gavin D. (1996),An Introduction to Hinduism , Cambridge University Press Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002),Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture" Michaels, Axel (2004),Hinduism. Past and present , Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Samuel, Geoffrey (2010),The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century , Cambridge University Press
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