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Kindo Baha (Newar:किन्द्व: बहा:), also known asKinnu Bāhā,Kindol Bāhāl orKimdol Bāhāl, is avihara inKathmandu which was the hub for the resurgence ofTheravada Buddhism inNepal from the 1920s to the 1940s.[1]
Located at the southern foot ofSwayambhu, Kindo Baha was the base from where newly ordainedbhikkhus began reviving teachings that had disappeared from Nepal in the 14th century.[citation needed]
Kindo Baha was built in 807Nepal Sambat (1687 AD) by one Shakyabhiksu. The king ofKathmandu Parthivendra Malla attended the inauguration ceremony. The monastery'sSanskrit name is Kirttana Mahavihara. Its popular name is derived from a holy man named Kindol who used to meditate at the site where the monastery stands. The present building dates from the 1920s when it was renovated at the initiative of Buddhist scholar and activistDharmaditya Dharmacharya. The main image here is a statue of BuddhaAkshobhya.[2]
A batch of monks inspired by the Theravada movement in Asia rejuvenated a dilapidated monastery into a center of religious activity. Among the key figures who resided and taught at Kindo Baha and led the Theravada renaissance were monksDhammalok Mahasthavir,Pragyananda Mahasthavir andKumar Kashyap Mahasthavir and nunDharmachari Guruma.[3] Amritananda Mahasthavir was another influential figure at Kindo Baha whose discourses were much liked by the people.[4]
Their sermons attracted large crowds to Kindo Baha, and the monastery became a center for religious teaching and publication of literature. A suspicious government did not like what the monks were doing, and kept them under constant surveillance. In 1926, five Buddhist monks had been exiled from Nepal for conversion and making alms rounds in Kathmandu.
The growing religious activities at Kindo Baha and the swelling congregation of theNewari faithful aroused the anger of the autocraticRana regime. In 1944, the monks were hauled before the prime minister and ordered to stop preaching Buddhism and writing books in theNewar language. When they refused, eight monks were summarily expelled from the country.[5]
Thebanishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal spurred the Theravada movement. The monks first went toIndia and then scattered toSri Lanka,Bhutan,Tibet andBurma. In exile, they devoted themselves to further religious studies, and also established an organization named Dharmodaya Sabha inSarnath, India to propagate Buddhism and publish books.
In 1946, the expulsion order was withdrawn, and they returned to Nepal. The revolutionary days of Kindo Baha also came to an end as a new monastery came up. From 1947, Ananda Kuti Vihar, originally built as a small retreat by Dhammalok on the northern slope of Swayambhu hill, became the new center of Theravada Buddhism in Nepal.[6][7] After the Rana regime was overthrown in 1951, the monks could work more freely, and Theravada Buddhism spread rapidly.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)| Buddhist monasteries in Nepal | ||
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| Principal temples & pilgrimage sites | ||
| Newar Buddhist temples |
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| Vajrayogini temples |
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| Theravada Buddhist temples | ||
| Padmasambhava temples & caves |
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| Himalayan Buddhist temples | ||
| Tibetan temples | ||
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