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Kim Jong-pil | |
|---|---|
| 김종필 | |
 Kim in 1999 | |
| Prime Minister of South Korea | |
| In office June 4, 1971 – December 18, 1975 | |
| President | Park Chung Hee |
| Preceded by | Paik Too-chin |
| Succeeded by | Choi Kyu-hah |
| In office March 3, 1998 – January 12, 2000 | |
| President | Kim Dae-jung |
| Preceded by | Goh Kun |
| Succeeded by | Park Tae-joon |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1926-01-07)January 7, 1926 |
| Died | June 23, 2018(2018-06-23) (aged 92) Seoul, South Korea |
| Political party | Liberty Korea Party |
| Other political affiliations |
|
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | Korean Military Academy |
| Nickname | JP |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  South Korea |
| Branch/service |  Republic of Korea Army |
| Years of service | 1949–1961 |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 김종필 |
| Hanja | 金鍾泌 |
| RR | Gim Jongpil |
| MR | Kim Chongp'il |
| Art name | |
| Hangul | 운정 |
| Hanja | 雲庭 |
| RR | Unjeong |
| MR | Unjŏng |
Kim Jong-pil (Korean:김종필;pronounced[kimdʑoŋpʰil]; January 7, 1926 – June 23, 2018), also known colloquially asJP, was a South Korean politician who was the founder and first director of theKorean Central Intelligence Agency. He served as theprime minister twice, from 1971 to 1975 during the presidency ofPark Chung Hee and from 1998 to 2000 during the presidency ofKim Dae-jung. He was a nine-termNational Assembly member.
Kim Jong-pil was born inBuyeo County,South Chungcheong Province. He initially attended Seoul National University's College of Education but graduated from theKorea Military Academy (KMA) in 1949 (8th graduating class). From September 1951 to March 1952, he studied at the U.S. Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia.[1] He participated in theKorean War as an intelligence officer of theRepublic of Korea Army. He retired as a brigadier general.
After theApril Revolution, a citizens' and students' uprising against theSyngman Rhee dictatorship andelection fraud in 1960, he engineered theMay 16 coup, led by Major GeneralPark Chung Hee in 1961 with his fellow Korea Military Academy (8th graduating class) classmates. He served in several high-profile offices, including chairman of the rulingDemocratic Republican Party during Park's eighteen year presidency until hisassassination in 1979.
Immediately following the successful coup that placed Park in power, Kim Jong-pil established theKorean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA), becoming its first director.[2] The KCIA wielded unlimited and unchecked power in support of Park's authoritarian rule, arbitrarily arresting, torturing, and persecuting Park's political opponents.[3]
Thereafter, Kim spearheaded the effort to establish official diplomatic relations with Japan.[2] In 1962, he traveled to Tokyo, where he met with Japanese Prime MinisterIkeda Hayato and urged the immediate normalization of relations between the two nations, although Ikeda replied that more preparation was needed.[2] Normalization was eventually achieved in 1965.[2] According to the "Kim-Ohira Memo" exchanged between Japanese Foreign MinisterMasayoshi Ohira and Kim Jong-pil at that time, South Korea agreed to waive any further compensation for Korean victims of Japanese war crimes in exchange for $300 million US dollars in grants and $500 million in other economic assistance.[4]
In 1963, Kim founded theDemocratic Republican Party which helped President Park Chung Hee strengthen his power and maintain a legislative supermajority during his presidency. From 1971 to 1975, he served asPrime Minister of South Korea. He assumed the same position from 1998 to 2000 duringKim Dae-jung's presidency as part of theAlliance DJP.
In 1987, Kim Jong-pil staged a political comeback by creating a new political party known as theNew Democratic Republican Party (NDRP). Most of the key party members and backers were conservatives who had served with him under the Park Chung Hee administration. Key members included Choi Gak-kyu, Kim Dong Kun (김동근 (1930)), Koo Ja-choon, Lee Hee-il, Kim Yong-tae, Cho Yong-jik, Kim Yong-hwan, Kim Moon-won, etc. As chairman of the NDRP, he ran for president and lost toRoh Tae-woo of the rulingDemocratic Justice Party (DJP). In the 13th National Assembly legislative elections held in April 1988, the NDRP won 35 seats out of the 299-seat National Assembly.
In January 1990, Kim Jong-pil led the merger of his party with the ruling DJP and opposition party,Kim Young-sam's Reunification Democratic Party (RDP) to create the Democratic Liberal Party (DLP). Jong-pil became the Executive Chairman of the newly formed DLP and Kim Young-sam became the party's presidential nominee in the 1992 South Korea presidential elections, which he won.
The outline of Kim Jong-pil's positions hardly describes the skills of the politician in navigating the complexities of South Korean politics. Scholars note that he mastered the art of political coalitions. This is demonstrated in the way he was able to reemerge politically stronger after suffering various political setbacks. For instance, by October 1997, Kim Jong-pil's popularity had fluctuated, hovering between 2.9 percent and 4.6 percent, which was attributed to his reputation as being an integral member of the authoritarian rule of Park Chung Hee. part.[5] This was further aggravated by the conservative party's image problem, which was identified with old politicians who have ethical flaws. Also, it is important to note that his main regional power base, the Chungcheon province, lacks the intense and unwavering loyalty to its political 'leaders' that is often found among those from neighbouring regions such as Chollado or Gyeongsangdo provinces.
Through clever political maneuvering, however, Kim Jong-pil struck a power-sharing deal withKim Dae-jung'sNational Congress for New Politics, known as the DJP Alliance, which allowed him to choose half of the cabinet members of the Kim Dae-Jung administration.[6] The deal also included his appointment as prime minister in March 1998 during Kim Dae-jung's presidency (1998–2003) for the second time.
In 2004, he announced his retirement from politics after his bid for a tenth term in theNational Assembly failed and his party, theUnited Liberal Democrats, was unable to gain a sizable number of seats in the2004 legislative election. The party later merged into theGrand National Party.
Kim Jong Pil was the last of the "Three Kims," which refers to himself, Kim Young-sam, and Kim Dae-jung, who dominated South Korea's politics for decades. Fate saw the presidency barely elude him on several occasions, earning him the title "the perennial no. 2 man." It is important to note Chungcheong province, JP's main regional power base, lacks the intense and unwavering loyalty to its political leaders that is often found among those from neighboring regions, such asJeolla Province andGyeongsang Provinces.
He served asKorea Scout Association President until June 6, 1969. In 1967 he received the highest distinction of theScout Association of Japan, theGolden Pheasant Award.[7]
He is the 12th generation descendant of Kim Ye-jik,[a] a military officer who served at Injo Coup in 1623 during the earlyJoseon period, and a younger brother ofRoyal Noble Consort Gongbin. Both are children of Kim Hui-Cheol,[b] known as Internal Prince Haeryeong,[c] the Musin who was killed during theImjin War in 1592. Hui-Cheol is great-grandson of Kim Young-jeong,[d] both of them were civil ministers also during early Joseon period. Kim Young-Jeong is the 7th generation descendant of Kim Mok-kyung,[e] the ancestor of the Gyeong branch ofGimhae Kim clan and the Samjungdaegwang during the reign of KingChunghye ofGoryeo. Their lineage can be traced back to Kim Sam-kwang[f] who was the son ofKim Yu-sin. This makes him a descendant of the royal family ofGeumgwan Gaya.
This fact is also revealed in the 2001 sentimental letter written toBhimlendra Mohan Pratap Mishra, a king of erstwhileAyodhya state with a history of 200 years old, Kim talked about his March 2001 visit to India. He mentioned it "remained very meaningful to me" as it "fulfilled his desire to visit Ayodhya, a princess of which became the queen of KingSuro of Gaya andHeo Hwang-ok. I am the 72nd generation descendant of the King Kim Suro of theGarak Kingdom."[8]
Kim was amongst more than a hundred historians and government representatives, including the North Korean ambassador to India, and an 18-member delegation from South Korea – led by formerGimhae Mayor Song Eun-bok[9] – composed of prominent industrialists who inaugurated a memorial to their royal ancestor,Queen Hwang Huh on the west bank of theRiverSarayu. The monument was built using a three-metre high stone weighing 7,500 kg, specially shipped from South Korea.[8]
On February 15, 1951, Kim married Park Young-ok (October 30, 1929 – February 21, 2015), who was President Park Chung Hee's niece. This made Park his uncle by marriage.[10]
In 2008, Kim was hospitalized at Soonchunhyang Hospital in Seoul when he suffered a severe stroke while staying at his Seoul home, Then, in August 2009, Kim was unable to attend the state funeral of former PresidentKim Dae-jung due to illness. He spent four years in seclusion in his home. in April 2013, Kim attended the KBS Symphony Orchestra which was held at theSejong Center in Seoul.
Kim died on June 23, 2018, at Sindang-dong, Seoul at the age of 92. Hisstate funeral was held on June 24, 2018, and he was buried alongside his wife.[11]
His words:
Politics areHeo-up (허업: futile works). The business men areSilup-ga (실업가), who takes his work fruits. But, Politician is Heop ga(허업가), whose fruit must be given to people. Fruits of politics were given to citizens. If it's taken by politicians, Politician's destiny is in jail.
Human being's death is truth. But, Everybody does not prepare their death even though they prepare for winter. (for preparing his tombstone monument inscription after his wife's death in 2015. Contents Soee budap (Just smile, No response) poem in his hometown of Buyeo, The Baekje kingdom capital.
Jawuiban Tawuiban (자의반 타의반): half my will Half others will.[12][3][13]
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of South Korea June 4, 1971 – December 18, 1975 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of South Korea (Acting) 1998 | Succeeded by Kim Jong-pil |
| Preceded by Kim Jong-pil (Acting) | Prime Minister of South Korea August 18, 1998 – January 12, 2000 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by position established | Director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency 20 May 1961 – 6 January 1963 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
