Kiliia Кілія | |
|---|---|
 Old street with the view at the St. Nicholas Church | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Kiliia Location in Ukraine Show map of Odesa Oblast Kiliia Kiliia (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine | |
| Coordinates:45°27′N29°14′E / 45.450°N 29.233°E /45.450; 29.233 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Odesa Oblast |
| Raion | Izmail Raion |
| Hromada | Kiliia urban hromada |
| City founded | 862 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Pavlo Boychenko |
| Area | |
• Total | 19.5 km2 (7.5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 18,745 |
| • Density | 961/km2 (2,490/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 68300 - 68303 |
| Area code | +380 4843 |
Kiliia,Kiliya orKilia (Ukrainian:Кілія,IPA:[kil⁽ʲ⁾iˈjɑ];Russian:Килия;Romanian:Chilia Nouă) is a city inIzmail Raion,Odesa Oblast, southwesternUkraine. It hosts the administration ofKiliia urban hromada, one of thehromadas of Ukraine.[1] Kiliia is located in theDanube Delta, in the historicBessarabian district ofBudjak; across the river lies the town ofChilia Veche (Old Kiliia) in Romania. TheChilia branch of theDanube river, which separates Ukraine from Romania, is named after it. Population:18,745 (2022 estimate).[2]
Byzantine Empire until 1361
From 1361 until 1412 contested betweenKingdom of Hungary,Wallachia,Poland, theRepublic of Genoa and theOttoman EmpirePrincipality of Moldavia 1412–1448
Kingdom of Hungary 1448–1465
Ottoman Empire 1484–1812
Russian Empire 1812–1856
Moldavian Democratic Republic 1917–1918
Kingdom of Romania 1918–1940
Soviet Union 1940–1941
Soviet Union 1944–1991
A town on the Romanian side of the Chilia branch of the Danube, now known asChilia Veche or "Old Chilia", was founded by theGreek Byzantines – κελλία,kellia inGreek being the equivalent of "granaries", a name first recorded in 1241, in the works of thePersian chroniclerRashid-al-Din Hamadani. Kiliia is therefore sometimes referred to asNova Kiliia meaning "New Kiliia".
In the place that is now Kiliia, a large colony was established by theRepublic of Genoa, known as "Licostomo" and headed by a consul (a representative of the Republic in the region). From that time, only the defensive ditches of a Genoese fortress remained.[3]
The city was founded byStephen the Great ofMoldavia, in order to counteract theOttoman Empire which had taken control overChilia Veche in the 15th century. It was a majorMoldavian port. However,it was eventually conquered by the Ottomans in 1484. In 1570 (Hijri 977) the town of Kilia was inhabited by Muslims and Christians. It had 298 Muslim households in 13 neighbourhoods and 316 Christian households in 5 neighbourhoods and it was a "has" of theSultan, a land property that was directly owned by the Sultan. One of the Muslim neighbourhoods was recorded as aCircassian neighbourhood.[4] Kiliia was taken by theRussian army under the command of the generalIvan Gudovich duringRusso-Turkish War (1787–1792). TheTimes of London reported that "35,000 of the inhabitants were involved in a general massacre," an incident that had "been celebrated in prose and poetry."[5] The city was given back to the Ottomans in 1792, but retaken by the Russians in 1806 and awarded to them officially in 1812.
After being bombarded by the Anglo-French fleet in July 1854 during theCrimean War, it was given to Romania in theTreaty of Paris (1856).[6] In 1878 (Congress of Berlin), Kiliia was transferred back to Russia together withBudjak. Between 1918 and 1940 (Interwar period,Greater Romania) it was again part of Romania. In July 1940, after a Soviet ultimatum, Romania agreed to give upBessarabia andnorthern Bukovina; the Soviet Unionoccupied it and came to theUkrainian SSR (it washeld yet again by Romania, from 1941 to 1944, inWorld War II, time during which it was the capital of theChilia County), and passed on to independentUkraine after thedissolution of the Soviet Union. The Jews were deported to Transnistria (the area between the Dniester and Bug rivers) by the Romanian authorities in 1941, where a large majority of the 316 deported Jews died.[7] According to the Yad Vashem website, 199 Jews who had lived before the war in Kiliia whose names are listed died in Ukraine.[8]
The oldest building in Kiliia is the semi-subterranean church of St. Nicholas, which may go back to 1485, although an old inscription in the church claims that it was founded on 10 May 1647.
Until 18 July 2020, Kiliia was the administrative center ofKiliia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number ofraions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Kiliia Raion was merged into Izmail Raion.[9][10]
As of the2001 Ukrainian census,Ukrainians constitue the majority of the town's population.Russians,Moldovans andBulgarians form significant minorities.[11]
| percent | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainians | 55.41% | |||
| Russians | 28.41% | |||
| Moldovans | 9.67% | |||
| Bulgarians | 3.63% | |||
| Gagauz | 0.91% | |||
| Belarusians | 0.51% | |||
| Jews | 0.16% | |||
| Armenians | 0.07% | |||
| Georgians | 0.05% | |||
In 2001, 55.5% of the inhabitants spoke Russian as their native language, while 39.56% spoke Ukrainian and 2.93% of the inhabitants spoke Romanian.[12]
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kilia".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 792.| International | |
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