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TheKibbutz Movement (Hebrew:התנועה הקיבוצית,HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit) is the largestsettlement movement forkibbutzim inIsrael. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made up of approximately 230 kibbutzim. It does not include theReligious Kibbutz Movement with its 16 kibbutzim or the twoPoalei Agudat Yisrael-affiliated religious kibbutzim.
TheUnited Kibbutz Movement (Hebrew:התנועה הקבוצית המאוחדת,HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit HaMeuhedet), also known by its Hebrew acronymTaKaM (תק"ם), was founded in 1981 and was largely aligned with theLabor Party and its predecessors. It had been formed by a merger itself, whenHaKibbutz HaMeuhad andIhud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim came together. Consequently, their respective youth movements merged into theHabonim Dror youth movement.
In 1999 a third movement, Artzi, joined the United Kibbutz Movement, although it maintains a certain autonomy, as does itsHashomer Hatzair youth movement.
HaKibbutz HaMeuhad (The United Kibbutz) had been formed in 1927 by the union of several kibbutz bodies and was associated with thePoale Zion and laterAhdut HaAvoda parties and was aligned with the Habonim youth movement.[1]
Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim (Hebrew:איחוד הקבוצות והקיבוצים, lit.Union of theKvutzot and the Kibbutzim) had been formed in 1951 by the union ofHever HaKvutzot (חבר הקבוצות, lit.Group of the Kvutzot) and Ihud HaKibbutzim (איחוד הקיבוצים, lit.Union of the Kibbutzim). The movement included kibbutzim which had leftHaKibbutz HaMeuhad for ideological reasons and was aligned with the Labour Party and its predecessors,Mapai and theDror youth movement.[dubious –discuss]
Kibbutz Artzi (Hebrew:הקיבוץ הארציhakibúts haartsí, lit.Nationwide Kibbutz) was a kibbutz movement associated with theHashomer Hatzair youth movement, and theMapam political party. It was founded on 1 April 1927, and had 85 kibbutzim and 28,000 members in 1998.
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