Khorramshahr خُرَمشَهر | |
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City | |
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  Khorramshahr | |
| Coordinates:30°26′22″N48°10′54″E / 30.43944°N 48.18167°E /30.43944; 48.18167[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Khuzestan |
| County | Khorramshahr |
| District | Central |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Kamyab Teymouri |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 133,097 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
Khorramshahr (Persian:خرمشهر;[xoræmˈʃæhɾ])[a] is a city in theCentral District ofKhorramshahr County,Khuzestan province,Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5] It is also known in Arabic by the localethnically Arabpopulation as Al-Muhammarah (Arabic:المحمرة).[6]
Khorramshahr is aninland port city located approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north ofAbadan. The city extends to the right bank of theShatt Al Arab waterway near its confluence with theHaffar arm of theKarun river. The city was destroyed in theIran–Iraq War, with the 1986 census recording a population of zero. Khorramshahr was rebuilt after the war, and more recent censuses show that the population has returned to the pre-war level.
The area where the city exists today was originally under the waters of thePersian Gulf. It later became part of the vast marshlands and the tidal flats at the mouth of theKarun River. The small town known asPiyan, and laterBayan appeared in the area no sooner than the lateParthian time in the first century AD. Whether or not this was located at the same spot where Khurramshahr is today, is highly debatable.
During the Islamic centuries, theDaylamiteBuwayhid king, Panah KhusrawAdud ad-Dawlah ordered the digging of a canal to join the Karun River (which at the time emptied independently into the Persian Gulf through theBahmanshir channel) to theShatt al-Arab (the joint estuary of theTigris andEuphrates rivers, known in Iran asArvand Rud). The extra water made the joint estuary more reliably navigable. The channel thus created was known as theHaffar,Arabic for "excavated," "dugout," which exactly described what the channel was. The Haffar soon became the main channel of theKarun, as it is in the present day.
It was the capital of theSheikdom of Muhammara, and until 1847, at which time it became Persian territory (according to Article II of theTreaty of Erzurum), Khorramshahr was alternately claimed and occupied byPersia and Turkey. Itsruler at the time was an Arabsheikh.[7]
Because of the war, the population of Khorramshahr dropped from 146,706 in the 1976 census to 0 in the 1986 census. The population reached 34,750 in the 1991 census and by the 2006 census it reached 123,866, and according to World Gazetteer its population as of 2012 is 138,398, making the population close to what it was before the war.[8]
Khorramshahr is home to aMandaean community. It is one of the last remaining locations in the world whereNeo-Mandaic is still spoken. There are only a few hundred speakers of the Khorramshahr dialect of Neo-Mandaic.[9]
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 123,866 in 26,385 households.[10] The following census in 2011 counted 129,418 people in 33,623 households.[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 133,097 people in 37,124 households.[2]
The linguistic composition of the city:[12]
| Language | percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khuzestani Arabic | 65% | |||
| Persian | 35% | |||
Media related toKhorramshahr at Wikimedia Commons
تقع عند مصب نهر كارون في شط العرب ، شيدها يوسف بن مرداو ثاني امراء امارة المحمرة وذلك سنة 1229 هجـ - 1812 م وهو من شيوخ قبيلة البوكاسب الكعبية العربية ، ابدل الاحتلال الفارسي اسمها العربي بأسم فارسي فسميت ( خرمشهر ) . وتبعـد عن مد ينة الأحواز ( 120 كم ) ، وهى ميناء تجاري مهم .[It is located at the mouth of the Karun River on the Shatt al-Arab. It was built in 1229 AH / 1812 CE by Yusuf bin Mirdaw, the second ruler of the Emirate of Mohammerah, who was one of the sheikhs of the Arab Bukasib tribe of the Ka'b. The Persian occupation changed its Arabic name to a Persian one, calling it "Khorramshahr." It is 120 kilometers away from the city of Ahwaz and serves as an important commercial port.]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Muhamrah".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 956.| International | |
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