Khorgos Horgos, Korgas, Khorgas, Qorghas | |
|---|---|
 Downtown Khorgos, with theDzungarian Alatau visible in the background  Khorgos Gate on theChina–Kazakhstan border | |
  Khorgos Location in Xinjiang Show map of Dzungaria Khorgos Khorgos (Xinjiang) Show map of Xinjiang Khorgos Khorgos (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates:44°12′45″N80°24′35″E / 44.21250°N 80.40972°E /44.21250; 80.40972 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Autonomous prefecture | Ili |
| Municipal seat | Qarasu Subdistrict |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,675 km2 (647 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 71,466 |
| • Density | 42.67/km2 (110.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time[a]) |
| Website | www |
| Khorgos | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 霍尔果斯市 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 霍爾果斯市 | ||||||
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| Uyghur name | |||||||
| Uyghur | قورغاس شەھىرى | ||||||
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| Russian name | |||||||
| Russian | Хоргос | ||||||
| Romanization | Khorgos | ||||||
| Kazakh name | |||||||
| Kazakh | قورعاس قالاسى Қорғас қаласы Qorğas qalası | ||||||
Khorgos (fromRussian:Хоргос;Chinese:霍尔果斯), officially known asKorgas[2] (Kazakh:قورعاس;Uyghur:قورغاس), is acounty-level city inIli Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang, China. It straddles the country's border withKazakhstan;[3] on the Kazakh side of the border is a city also named Horgos in Russian and Korgas in Kazakh.
Khorgos area is a hub of theNew Eurasian Land Bridge, 200 km from theAlataw Pass, the historically importantDzungarian Gate, with a cross-border visa-freespecial economic zone for trade and shopping (ICBC), a dry port for transporting goods and two new cities, one on either side of the border.[4][5]: 24
In 1851, theRussian Empire signed an agreement withQing China to have Khorgos andTacheng opened asport of entries along the Qing-Russian border.[6]
In 1977, the61st Regiment Farm fire in Khorgos killed 694 and injured 161.[7][8] It is one of theworst human-made disasters in China by death toll.
TheJinghe–Yining–Khorgos railway was completed in late 2009 and as of 2012 provides train service fromÜrümqi andYining to Khorgos.[9]
Passenger trains from Ürümqi started on 1 July 2010; however, they initially only ran to Yining and not all the way to Khorgos.[10][11] In December 2013, one of the daily Ürümqi-Yining passenger trains was extended to Khorgos. The travel time from Khorgos to Yining then was just over an hour.[12]
In December 2011, a 293-kilometre (182 mi) railway from the Khorgos border crossing to Zhetygen terminal (nearAlmaty) was completed; on 2 December 2012, the tracks from the Chinese and Kazakhstan sides of the borders were connected.[13] For some months, the railway on the Kazakh side was still operating in a test mode.[14] The railway border crossing (port of entry) at Khorgos became operational in the late 2012;[15] the first regular trains from the two countries crossed the border on 22 December 2012.[13] Thus, Khorgos, an international dry port, connects land-locked Kazakhstan to the sea port ofLianyungang in China.[16]
The railway border crossing is expected to handle up to 15 million tons of freight per year initially, the volume rising to 30 million tons per year in the long run,[13] opening up the second Europe-China rail link via Kazakhstan.[17]
Khorgos is a majorbreak of gauge interchange. 41-tongantry cranes are used to move shipping containers betweenstandard gauge Chinese trains andRussian gauge Kazakh trains,[18] connecting toAltynkol railway station on a spur line ofKazakhstan Temir Zholy.
In June 2017, theÜrümqi Railway Bureau of theChina Railway started daily passenger service fromÜrümqi toAstana via Khorgos.[19]
As of at least 2024, Khorgos is the second-largestdry port in the world.[5]: 57
In 2017, Boshihao Electronics, a robot manufacturing company, moved production fromShenzhen to Khorgos.[20]
| Climate data for Khorgos, elevation 722 m (2,369 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 11.9 (53.4) | 16.5 (61.7) | 27.7 (81.9) | 33.6 (92.5) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.7 (99.9) | 41.2 (106.2) | 39.5 (103.1) | 35.7 (96.3) | 31.5 (88.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 15.3 (59.5) | 41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) | 2.0 (35.6) | 11.1 (52.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 29.4 (84.9) | 31.3 (88.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 25.9 (78.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 8.5 (47.3) | 1.3 (34.3) | 16.9 (62.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) | −2.8 (27.0) | 5.6 (42.1) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 22.7 (72.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 23.8 (74.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 11.6 (52.9) | 3.4 (38.1) | −3.2 (26.2) | 10.9 (51.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.5 (14.9) | −6.5 (20.3) | 1.1 (34.0) | 8.3 (46.9) | 12.9 (55.2) | 17.1 (62.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 17.9 (64.2) | 13.2 (55.8) | 6.6 (43.9) | −0.2 (31.6) | −6.7 (19.9) | 6.1 (43.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −28.5 (−19.3) | −25.9 (−14.6) | −16.8 (1.8) | −6.9 (19.6) | −1.1 (30.0) | 8.1 (46.6) | 10.1 (50.2) | 7.7 (45.9) | 1.1 (34.0) | −7.1 (19.2) | −18.6 (−1.5) | −25.4 (−13.7) | −28.5 (−19.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 19.4 (0.76) | 19.2 (0.76) | 17.2 (0.68) | 28.3 (1.11) | 24.8 (0.98) | 33.7 (1.33) | 26.5 (1.04) | 17.3 (0.68) | 11.9 (0.47) | 20.7 (0.81) | 26.9 (1.06) | 20.9 (0.82) | 266.8 (10.5) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.6 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 5.8 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 7.2 | 8.8 | 86 |
| Average snowy days | 9.9 | 9.5 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 5.1 | 10.1 | 40.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 69 | 69 | 59 | 49 | 46 | 47 | 46 | 43 | 43 | 52 | 65 | 71 | 55 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 160.8 | 175.6 | 234.7 | 266.9 | 319.8 | 325.1 | 344.1 | 329.5 | 285.7 | 240.3 | 161.1 | 144.4 | 2,988 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 55 | 58 | 62 | 65 | 69 | 70 | 74 | 78 | 78 | 72 | 57 | 53 | 66 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[21][22] | |||||||||||||
Khorgos is divided into 4subdistricts, 1ethnic township, and 2 township-equivalent regions.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kazakh (Arabic script) | Kazakh (Cyrillic script) | Administrative division code | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | ||||||||
| Qarasu Subdistrict | 卡拉苏街道 | Kǎlāsū Jiēdào | قاراسۇ كوچا باشقارمىسى | qarasu kocha bashqarmisi | قاراسۋ ءمالى باسقارماسى | Қарасу мәлі басқармасы | 654004001 | |
| Ya-Ou East Road Subdistrict | 亚欧东路街道 | Yà'ōudōnglù Jiēdào | ياۋروئاسىيا شەرقىي يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | Yawro'asiya sherqiy yoli kocha bashqarmisi | ەۆرو-ازيا شىعىس جولى ءمالى باسقارماسى | Еуразия шығыс жолы мәлі басқармасы | 654004002 | |
| Ya-Ou West Road Subdistrict | 亚欧西路街道 | Yà'ōuxīlù Jiēdào | ياۋروئاسىيا غەربىي يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | Yawro'asiya gherbiy yoli kocha bashqarmisi | ەۆرو-ازيا باتىس جولى ءمالى باسقارماسى | Еуразия батыс жолы мәлі басқармасы | 654004003 | |
| Industrial Park Subdistrict | 工业园区街道 | Gōngyèyuánqū Jiēdào | سانائەت رايونى كوچا باشقارمىسى | sana'et rayoni kocha bashqarmisi | ونەركاسىپتىك اۋدان ءمالى باسقارماسى | Өнеркәсіптік аудан мәлі басқармасы | 654004004 | |
| Ethnic township | ||||||||
| Ichëgashen Township (Ichëgashen Sibe Ethnic Township) | 伊车嘎善乡 (伊车嘎善锡伯族乡) | Yīchēgāshàn Xiāng (Yīchēgāshàn Xíbózú Xiāng) | ئىچېگاشەن شىبە يېزىسى | Ichëgashen shibe yëzisi | يچىگاشان سىبە ۇلتتىق اۋىلى | Ичігәшән Сібе Ұлттық ауылы | 654004200 | (Xibe) ᡞᠴᡝ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ ice gašan sibe gūsa |
Others:
