Ken Raymond | |
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| Born | (1942-01-07)January 7, 1942 (age 83) Astoria, Oregon, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Reed College(B.S.) (1964) Northwestern University(Ph.D) (1968) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Inorganic Chemistry,Bioinorganic Chemistry |
| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley |
| Doctoral advisor | Fred Basolo,James A. Ibers |
| Doctoral students | Keith Hodgson,Rebecca Abergel, |
| Other notable students | Vy Maria Dong (postdoc) |
| Website | www |
Kenneth Norman Raymond (born January 7, 1942) is abioinorganic andcoordination chemist. He is Chancellor's Professor ofChemistry at theUniversity of California, Berkeley,[1] Professor of the Graduate School, the Director of the Seaborg Center in the Chemical Sciences Division atLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the President and Chairman of Lumiphore.[2][3]
Raymond was born on January 7, 1942, inAstoria, Oregon, and was raised in various towns in Oregon.[4] After graduating fromClackamas High School in 1959, he spent a year inGermany where he worked as a test-driver forVolkswagen and developed a taste for German culture. He then attendedReed College inPortland, Oregon, where he majored inChemistry and earned aBachelor of Arts in 1964.[4] Raymond then attendedNorthwestern University where he studiedcoordination chemistry andcrystallography underFred Basolo and also worked closely withJames A. Ibers, earning hisPh.D. degree in 1968.
Raymond received an appointment to the faculty in the Department of Chemistry at theUniversity of California, Berkeley in 1967 as an assistant professor. He became an associate professor in 1974 and a full professor of chemistry in 1978.[5] He has served as Vice Chair for the Berkeley Chemistry Department (1982−1984) and Chair (1993−1996).[5] He was Chair of the ACS Division of Inorganic Chemistry in 1996.[5]
Research from the Raymond group has covered a wide range of topics ininorganic chemistry, includingactinide andlanthanide chemistry, microbial iron transport, and metal-basedsupramolecular assemblies. At the heart of his research throughout his career is a basic interest in metal-ligand specificity as understood through crystallography and solutionthermodynamics.
Raymond, now a UC Berkeley Chancellor's Professor and the Director of theGlenn T. Seaborg Center atLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, continues to make strides in fundamental research in the fields ofmetals inbiology and physical inorganic chemistry.
One of the first great achievements of Raymond's independent research career was the determination of the crystal structure ofuranocene (di-π-(cyclooctatetraene)uranium).[6] This structure was a seminal discovery in the study off-blocksandwich complexes. Since this discovery, the analogous structures of several other f-block metals have been explored (includingthorium andcerium from the Raymond lab).[7][8]
The study of iron transport systems inmicrobes and the coordination chemistry ofsiderophores is one of the longest running projects in the Raymond group. Several generations of students have studied the structures and solution behaviors of some of the most notable siderophores includingenterobactin, desferrioxamine B, alcaligin and bacillibactin. Recently, the project has begun to explore siderophore interactions with the innate immune system during bacterial infections.[9] Throughout the years the iron project has continued to thrive and has been said to have "more twists and turns than anAgatha Christie novel."[citation needed] Studies in siderophore structure, and especially ligand specificity, have inspired several other projects in the Raymond group.
Raymond's early interest inactinides (includingplutonium,uranium and others), along with his expertise with siderophores, has led to the development of actinidedecorporation agents. This project is based on a fundamental understanding of coordination chemistry, in order to design ligands that are selective for and support the geometry constraints of these elements.
Efforts toward the development ofsiderophore-inspiredgadolinium(III)chelates began in the 1980s and have led to several promising compounds formagnetic resonance imaging. These compounds are both more stable and have a higher relaxivity than commercially available compounds and are the subject of severalpatents.Hexadentatehydroxypyridinone (HOPO) and terephthalamide (TAM) oxygen donor chelators allow for highthermodynamic stability of complexes while allowing for two-three water molecules to be directly coordinated to the lanthanide. Research has focused on macromolecular conjugation in recent years, including a collaboration withJean Fréchet anddendrimers developed in his laboratory.[10][11]
Other lanthanide coordination compounds have been developed to serve as luminescent reporters in time-resolvedbioassays. As experts inligand design, the Raymond group has been able to develop ligands that optimize theluminescence of several lanthanides (particularlyterbium andeuropium), leading to an array of brilliantly emissive complexes. Due to their remarkable properties, these compounds have been commercialized by Lumiphore.[12]
Based on a predictive strategy, the Raymond group has developed severalself-assembled, metal-ligand clusters of highsymmetry. Some of these clusters, including the naphthalene-M4L6 workhorse cluster (see image), have a cavity within the cluster that canencapsulate a variety of guest molecules. In collaboration withRobert G. Bergman, the unique reaction chemistry of these host–guest assemblies has been explored. Recent work on this project, which led to a paper inScience,[13] has demonstrated unprecedented host–guest reaction rate accelerations reminiscent ofenzyme kinetics.
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