Kemankeş Kara Mustafa | |
|---|---|
| Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire | |
| In office 23 December 1638 – 31 January 1644 | |
| Monarchs | Murad IV İbrahim |
| Preceded by | Tayyar Mehmed Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Semiz Mehmed Pasha |
| Kapudan Pasha | |
| In office 17 October 1635 – 22 December 1638 | |
| Preceded by | Gazi Hüseyin Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Gazi Hüseyin Pasha |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1592 |
| Died | 31 January 1644 (aged 51–52) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Ottoman Empire |
| Branch/service | Ottoman Navy Ottoman Army |
| Rank | Kapudan Pasha (grand admiral; 1635–1638) Janissary commander (1635) |
| Battles/wars | Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39) |
Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha (Ottoman Turkish:ﻛﻤﺎﻧﻜﺶ قره مصطفى پاشا,lit. 'Mustafa Pasha, the Archer, the Courageous'; 1592 – 31 January 1644) was anOttoman military officer and statesman who served asKapudan Pasha andGrand Vizier of theOttoman Empire.
Mustafa was born to anAlbanian family in Avlonya (present-dayVlorë inAlbania) in 1592.[1] He was an officer in theJanissary corps. His epithet,kemankeş (lit. 'bow-puller'), refers to his talent as an archer. He was the deputy (sekban başı) of the Janissary commander in 1634 and was promoted to the post ofAgha of the Janissaries (yeniçeri ağası) in 1635. On 17 October 1635, he was appointedKapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral of the Navy).[2] Nevertheless, he participated in the 1638Capture of Baghdad far from the sea. On 24 December 1638, following the death of the then-Grand VizierTayyar Mehmet Pasha during the siege, SultanMurad IV appointed Kemankeş Mustafa as the new Grand Vizier, the highest post of the empire after the Sultan.
Following the Ottoman conquest ofBaghdad, Kemankeş Mustafa represented the Ottoman side in the consequent peace talks. The resultingTreaty of Zuhab, signed on 17 May 1639 between the Ottoman andSafavid Empires, provided the outline for the border between Iran and the states of Turkey and Iraq that continues to be the basis of present-day borders between the three nations.
Murad IV died on 9 February 1640, and Kemankeş Mustafa continued as a Grand Vizier duringIbrahim's reign. Ibrahim was a weak sultan, and Kemankeş Mustafa became thede facto ruler of the empire.[3][better source needed] Using severe methods,[clarification needed] he ended the rebellions, balanced the budget, and reduced the number of soldiers. He also used his power to subdue and cause the death of other able statesmen whom he considered to be potential competitors for his post.[4]
Kemankeş Mustafa made many enemies. His most important opposition was a kind of triumvirate in the palace, formed byKösem Sultan (the sultan's mother),Turhan Sultan (the sultan's haseki),Ayşe Sultan (Kösem Sultan daughter),Fatma Sultan (Kösem Sultan daughter),Hanzade Sultan (Kösem Sultan daughter) acharlatan namedDjindji Hodja, and a vizier namedSemiz Mehmed Pasha. They began to criticize Kemankeş Mustafa vehemently. Although he gave his resignation several times, it was not accepted by the Sultan. However, the Sultan, who was initially pleased with Kemankeş Mustafa, finally dismissed him on 31 January 1644.[5] A few hours later, he was executed.[6]
In 1640, Mustafa Pasha converted aRoman Catholic church inIstanbul into amosque namedOdalar Mosque located in theÜsküdar district. According toarchitectural historianSemavi Eyice, the original church, aByzantine one, was probably theMonastery of Philanthropos[7] but was converted to the Latin church and renamedSanta Maria di Constantinopoli during the reign ofMehmed II.[8]
Around the same time, Mustafa Pasha commissioned another mosque, the eponymousKemankeş Kara Mustafa Paşa Mosque, to be built inKaraköy, a formerGenoese trading colony. The site of the mosque was previously occupied by the Genoese Saint Antonio Church, which was appropriated in 1606 and demolished thereafter. The mosque was mostly rebuilt in 1771.[9]
In Istanbul, the present-dayadministrative neighborhood division encompassing Karaköy is named after him.
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Kapudan Pasha 17 October 1635 – 22 December 1638 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire 23 December 1638 – 31 January 1644 | Succeeded by |
| Seamen of the Ottoman Empire | |
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| Kapudan Pashas |
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| Other important seamen | |
| International | |
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| People | |
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