Kedumim
| |
|---|---|
| Hebrew transcription(s) | |
| • ISO 259 | Qdumim |
| • Also spelled | Qedumim (official) |
 | |
  Kedumim  Kedumim | |
| Coordinates:32°12′55.98″N35°9′30.03″E / 32.2155500°N 35.1583417°E /32.2155500; 35.1583417 | |
| Region | West Bank |
| District | Judea and Samaria Area |
| Founded | 1975 |
| Government | |
| • Head of Municipality | Ozel Vatik |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,313dunams (2.313 km2; 0.893 sq mi) |
| Population (2023)[1] | |
• Total | 4,539 |
| • Density | 1,962/km2 (5,083/sq mi) |
| Name meaning | "The Ancients" |
Kedumim (Hebrew:קְדוּמִים,romanized: Kdumim;Arabic:قدوميم) is anIsraeli settlement in the northernWest Bank,Palestine. Founded onHanukkah 1975 by members of theGush Emunim settlement movement, it later became alocal council. In 2023 it had a population of 4,539.
The consensus of the international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bankillegal under international law.[2][3] The Israeli government disputes this.[2][3][4]
Kedumim is in the northern West Bank, west ofNablus, alongHighway 55. The nearest populated places are the Palestinian villages ofJit,Immatain, andKafr Qaddum. There are also someIsraeli outposts nearby, such asHavat Gilad.[5]
According toARIJ, land from threePalestinian villages was expropriated for building Kedumim between 1967 and 1993: 231dunams fromKafr Qaddum,[6] 163 dunams fromImmatain,[7] and 13 dunams fromJit.[8]
In late 1974, a group called Garin Elon Moreh, which was affiliated withGush Emunim, and led by Rabbi Menachem Felix andBenny Katzover, attempted to establish a settlement on the ruins of theSebastia train station dating from theOttoman period. AnIsraeli Cabinet resolution, passed 17–2 with 3 abstentions, found the settlement illegal in 1975.[9] After several attempts to remove residents from the area by theIsrael Defense Forces, an agreement was reached in which 25 families were permitted to move toKadum, an army camp southwest ofNablus. The small mobile home site developed into the town of Kedumim. The Sebastia agreement is sometimes cited as a turning point that sparked increasing Israeli settlement in the northern West Bank.[10]
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After theelections of 1977, the government ofMenachim Begin strongly backed settlement at Kedumim. Begin visited on 19 May and declared "We stand on the land of liberated Israel."[9] In July, his government granted full legal status to Kedumim (then numbering around 100 settlers),Ofra, andMaaleh Adumim.[9]
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Several residents of Kedumim have been killed inPalestinian political violence. 64-year-old Holocaust survivor and rabbi named Binyamin Herling was killed atMount Ebal by Palestinian security forces andFatah members who opened fire on a group of men, women, and children.[11][12][13] TheKedumim bombing, on May 30, 2006, occurred when a suicide bomber disguised as anOrthodox Jewish hitchhiker blew himself up inside a car that stopped to pick him up near the gas station at the entrance to the village.[14][15] The blast killed four Israelis: Rafi Halevy,[16] Helena Halevy,[17] Re'ut Feldman,[18][19] and Shaked Lasker.[20]Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility. On November 19, 2007, Ido Zoldan was killed in a shooting attack near Kedumim when Palestinian militants opened fire on his car.[21][22]
The settlement is also the subject of controversy because of its tense relationship with neighboring Palestinian villages. Kedumim is sometimes seen as a symbol of theIsraeli occupation of the West Bank, as one of the firstIsraeli settlements founded in the West Bank after theSix-Day War.[10] Kedumim residents have been accused ofcommitting violence and property damage against Palestinians living in nearby villages, including arson, shootings, and uprooting Palestinian farmers' olive trees.[23][24][25][26][27] There have also been continuing concerns and tensions over the settlement's encroachment on Palestinian farmland with the aid of the Israeli military, which has used emergency military declarations to appropriate Palestinian farmland multiple times since Kedumim was first established.[24][28][29] Kedumim residents have also been accused of attempting to occupy the area and either displace or rule over Palestinians,[24] and some residents have agreed with this.[10] For example,Daniella Weiss, current resident and former mayor of Kedumim, has said that "the Jews are the sovereigns in the state of Israel and in the Land of Israel. [Palestinians] have to accept it."[30] She has also said that Palestinians in the West Bank "have no right to ask for rights or take part in elections for theKnesset. They lost their right to vote for the Knesset. They will never get this right."[30] Finance MinisterBezalel Smotrich, who lives in Kedumim, stated in October 2025 that the ultimate goal for the settlement is to help the Israeli state "apply Israeli sovereignty" over the West Bankand annex it to preventPalestinian statehood.[10]
In 2003, Israeli officials closed the road through Kedumim to Palestinians, effectively barring Palestinians from traveling to and from Nablus to the east, in order to enable further expansion of the Kedumim settlement. In response, residents of Kafr Qaddum began staging regular roadside protests that continued into the 2020s.[31][32] Over the years, protesters have been subjected to violence and harassment from Israeli military and settlers.[33] In 2020,Haaretz andB'Tselem revealed that the Israeli military had planted explosives to prevent protesters from accessing the usual protest area, resulting in the injury of one Palestinian teenager.[32][34]
WhenShomron Regional Council was established, Kedumim was one of its villages. In 1992, as the population in Kedumim was over 3,000, a Local Council was established with a mayor from outside: Yosef Kapakh. In 1996 Kedumim held their first elections, andDaniella Weiss was elected mayor, becoming the first woman mayor in Israeli towns and settlements. She served two terms in office. In 2007,Hananel Dorani [he] was elected. Dorani is a vice-Brigade commander in reserve in theIDF, and moved to the village in 1992 after marrying one of its residents. In the 2024 local elections, following Dorani's retirement,Ozel Vatik [he] was elected as Head of Municipality.[35]
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The residents of Kedumim have placed an emphasis on education and developed several local educational institutions. These include a local music academy, a public library, theKedem Museum [he], day care centers, kindergartens, two elementary schools, the Bnei Chayil Yeshiva, theKedamim Yeshiva [he], the Har Efrayim Yeshiva, and theLehava Ulpana High School [he].[36]
Yeshivat Bnei Chayil Shomron [he] is a high schoolyeshiva established in 1998[37] to provide anOrthodox Jewish education for boys withADD andADHD.[38] It is considered a unique facility in central Israel attendance is not limited to local students. Students in grades 7–12 are divided into classes which are limited to a maximum of fifteen boys. The school in Kedumim was originally a branch of aJerusalem school of the same name founded by Stuart Chesner.
In 2024, there were an estimated 4,866 people living in Kedumim.[39]
While many residents work outside the settlement, many are employed locally in education, as well as several agricultural enterprises working with greenhouses and orchards. The Bar-On Industrial Park on 1,200 dunums (120 hectares, 297 acres) of land is within the municipal boundaries of Kedumim. Kedumim 3000, operated by Nahman Zoldan, is a construction firm headquartered in the settlement.[40] The firm has worked on construction projects throughout the West Bank andEast Jerusalem.[40][41]
The international community considers Israeli settlements a violation of theFourth Geneva Convention.[42] Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by theInternational Court of Justice,International Committee of the Red Cross and repeatedly by the UN Security Council.[43][44]
According toB'Tselem, portions of Kedumim were built on privately owned Palestinian land. There are additionally twoIsraeli outposts adjacent to Kedumim, one of which is also built on privately owned Palestinian land.[45]
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