Kdam Eurovision
Kdam Eurovision logo (2009)
Genre	Pop music etc.
Location(s)	Israel
Years active	1981–2014
Founders	Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA)

TheKdam Eurovision (Hebrew:קדם אירוויזיון,romanized: Kdam Erovizyon,lit. 'Pre-Eurovision'), in short known as theKdam (Hebrew: קדם,lit. "Pre") was theIsraeli national preselection of theEurovision Song Contest. The competition was first introduced in 1981 and ran until 2014.

In the 1960s, particularly with the1963 Eurovision Song Contest, Israeli singers were able to represent other European countries rather than their home country, as this was before there were television broadcasts in Israel. That year, Israel was represented byEsther Ofarim forSwitzerland (with a song in French), andCarmela Corren forAustria. Regular television broadcasts in Israel began in May 1968.

In 1972,Ilanit andShlomo Zach argued that theIsrael Broadcasting Authority (IBA) was entitled to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest, since it was a member of theEuropean Broadcasting Union (EBU). IBA agreed and asked that Ilanit represent Israel at the Eurovision Song Contest inEdinburgh in 1972. But the registration period had already closed for the 1972 competition, thus Israel's first participation was delayed by one year. In 1973, Ilanit won the bid to represent Israel inLuxembourg at that year's Eurovision Song Contest, becoming the first official Israeli entry to Eurovision. A committee of the IBA was in charge of selecting the song.Ehud Manor andNurit Hirsh wrote the chosen song, "Ey Sham" inHebrew, although in that year's contest, entrants did not have to sing in their national languages. Manor explained that they saw the importance of having that song represent Israel in Hebrew, but were concerned that the tone of the words not be jarring to the ears of European listeners. Ilanit placed fourth in the first-ever Israeli entry.

In later years, a selection committee continued to choose the acts to be sent on behalf of Israel, including the bandKaveret with "Natati La Khayay" (7th place),Shlomo Artzi with "At Va'Ani" (11th place), and the trioChocolat, Menta, Mastik with "Emor Shalom" (6th place). In1977 Israel sent backIlanit for a second time, with "Ahava Hi Shir Lishnayim" (11th place).

After the secondIlanit showing in 1977, the method of voting was changed. In the next two years1978 and1979, Israel's Eurovision entrants were the winners in the Israel Song Festival (in Hebrew פסטיבל הזמר והפזמון פסטיבל,Festival HaZemer VeHaPizmon). In both cases, the songs won the Eurovision title. The songs were "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" byIzhar Cohen in 1978 and "Hallelujah" byMilk and Honey in 1979.

After winning with "Hallelujah", Israel had the right to host the25th Eurovision contest, but the Israeli budget was not large enough to host two consecutive contests (Ireland being the only country to successfully host more than one contest in a row). Instead the competition took place that year inThe Hague,Netherlands, and was set toYom Hazikaron, forcing Israel to cancel its participation, although a selection contest had been organized and a winning song called "Pizmon Chozer" (meaning "Refrain" in English) had been chosen and was going to be interpreted by Ha'achim ve ha'achayot (meaning Brothers and sisters in English).

In 1981, it was decided to change the main selection process competition for Israeli artists through competition underKdam Eurovision (or pre-Eurovision). The first such competition was held on 3 March 1981.

The bandHakol Over Habibi won the competition in 1981, for26th Eurovision Contest inDublin with the song "Halayla". Among the prominent Kdam songs that competed were "Cinderella" by Sexta, "Hora" byAvi Toledano and "Estate I" by Yigal Bashan.

The1984 Eurovision Song Contest inLuxembourg was again set on Yom Hazikaron Memorial Day and Israel canceled its participation yet again. Israel had already picked the song "Balalaika" by singer Ilanit for the year's competition but without conducting any pre-Eurovision contest.

Kdam Eurovision Song Contest returned for 1985, 1986 and 1987. Among the prominent artists in this period wereYardena Arazi,Avi Toledano,Ofra Haza,Svika Pick, Ilana Avital,Izhar Cohen, Doron Mazar, Trio established specifically for the competition,Yigal Bashan,Uzi Hitman and Yonatan Miller, and the ensemble Izolirband.

In 1988, IBA suspended the Kdam competition as a cost-cutting measure and decided to sendYardena Arazi to Eurovision in light of the achievements of previous competitions. Yardena Arazi performed four songs with selected the song "Ben Adam". Kdam returned in 1989, with Gili & Galit with "Derekh Hamelekh" but in 1990Rita (actually Rita Kleinstein) was selected without competition one more time.

In 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995 and 1996, the Kdam Eurovision competitions were held (in 1994 Israel did not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest). The1993 Kdam was won by the bandSarah'le Sharon and The Shiru Group, a band formed especially for the competition. It finished 24th place in the Eurovision Song Contest itself. Due to the changed policies in the Eurovision Song Contest (brought about by many Eastern European countries joining the competition), 24th place prevented Israel from participating inEurovision Song Contest 1994. In1996 Kdam was won by Galit Bell, an unknown singer at the time, whose song never managed to reach the Eurovision finals. This is because in that year theEuropean Broadcasting Union reestablished an early selection process eliminating seven songs that they felt were the worst. The Israeli song "Hello World" was one of those seven.

In1997, Eurovision was scheduled to take place onYom HaShoah. A few months earlier, theKnesset passed an amendment to postpone Holocaust Remembrance Day by a day if it fell on a Saturday,Jewish Sabbath. IBA tried to register for competition after the Knesset decision, but late registration meant Israel could not compete.

In 1998, IBA decided to select the song through a committee.That year, Israel went on to win with the song "Diva" byDana International. The following year, in1999 the Eurovision Song Contest took place inJerusalem, with the Israeli entry "Yom Huledet (Happy Birthday)" byEden.

In2000 IBA Authority's committee chose the song "Sameach" byPingPong, a band consisting of two journalistsRoy Arad andGuy Asif, with girlsYifat Giladi andTahal Aden. The selection process caused controversy after radio entertainer/writerIrit Linor, one of the committee members declared that she was uninterested. When Linor was asked whether she thought PingPong's singing stood a chance, Linor replied: "Who cares?". The band's performance was based mainly on provocative gimmicks with themusic video performed with cucumbers (as a metaphor for male genitalia). In addition, the lyrics were considered by many as being shallow, superficial and stupid. The PingPong band members also declared their intention to appear on stage inStockholm, where they would raise theflags of Israel andSyria (The song mentioned the words: "I have now a new friend from Damascus"; "I want to do it with him all day"). Opponents claimed to the band that Syria is an enemy state, hence raising the flag for the State of Israel is an embarrassment. Others said they were bothered with two controversial kisses, one between two men and one between two women. During the week before the Eurovision Song Contest, the band visited the Syrian community in Stockholm, to perform. The band eventually appeared on stage in Stockholm with the Israeli and Syrian flags. Israel finished 22nd out of 24 songs.

In 2001, Kdam returned for one more year pickingTal Sondak who placed 16th with "En Davar". From 2002 to 2004, Israel choseSarit Hadad,Lior Narkis andDavid D'Or in a selection procedure similar to the selection of Yardena Arazi in 1988.

The Kdam Eurovision competition took place again in 2005, and was won byShiri Maimon. She came in fourth in theEurovision Song Contest itself. In 2006,Eddie Butler won the Kdam. In 2007,Mordechai Shklar canceled the competition for budgetary reasons.

In 25–26 February 2008, Kdam Eurovision was broadcast, first by theChannel 2 concessionaire "Keshet", in cooperation between the IBA and the Israeli reality television show "Kokhav Nolad" modeled on the BritishPop Idol andAmerican Idol. The show had a pre-produced format in which the privately pre-selected artist (Boaz Mauda) presented 4 different songs in front of a panel of judges to by selection of the viewing public. The song "Ke'ilu Kan" was chosen. In 2009, Kdam Eurovision returned, to be produced by the IBA only.

In 2011, both the singer and the song were chosen by the public. IBA contacted various artists through their agents asking them to participate. The national final was broadcast on March 8, 2011 from the culture hall inRishon LeZion. The winner wasDana International and her song "Ding Dong."^[1]

The Israeli artist that has appeared the most inKdam Eurovision competitions isZvika Pick. Pick took part seven times but never won. However a song he wrote won the Eurovision itself. "Diva" was sung byDana International.

SingerYardena Arazi represented Israel three times at the Eurovision and hosted the Eurovision held inJerusalem in 1979. Her first appearance in Kdam Eurovision Song Contest was in 1982 with the song "מוזיקה נשארת" (written byShimrit Or and Henry Barter). She came in second. In 1983, she performed the song "שירו שיר אמן" also by Shimrit Or and Henry Barter, again coming second and just one point shy of the winning song. Years later Arazi revealed that there was an error in the vote counting, and that she was the true qualifier and notOfra Haza. Arazi did not challenge the decision because she did not want to be seen as a "sore loser". In 1984 Arazi was chosen to represent Israel without competition, but as the contest was held onYom Hazikaron, she was forced to renounce her right when Israel withdrew that year. In 1985 Arazi participated for the third time in Kdam with the song "We'll get" written byEhud Manor andAvi Toledano) and came in third. In 1987 she hosted the Kdam. In 1988 she was pre-selected performing 4 songs, with the song "Ben Adam" winning first place, but finished seventh in the Eurovision Song Contest.

Singer and composerAvi Toledano took part for the first time in 1981 with the song "Carnival". In 1982 he won with "Hora" and represented Israel at the Eurovision Song Contest where he was runner-up. Both were his own compositions. In 1983 he composed the song "Hi" byOfra Haza that finished as runner-up at the Eurovision Song Contest. In 1985 he wrote Yardena Arazi's song. In 1986 he won third place. In 1989 he returned as composer and performer finishing second. In 1991 he composed the song "Hava Nagila Discovered" sung byUri Feynman.

Other prominent singers competing at Kdam Eurovision:

• Yigal Bashan (1981, 1982, 1985)
• Leah Lupatin (1981, 1985, 1989, 1992, 1995)
• Shalva Berti (1985, 1992, 1995)
• Doron Mazar (1985, 1986, 1993, 1996)
• Zehava Ben (1992, 2005)
• Shlomo Gronich (1981, 2006)
• Daphna Armoni (1981, 2001)
• Sarit Hadad twice
• Etti Ankri,Riki Gal (1983),Corinne Elal (1985), Rita (1986),Boaz Sharabi (1986),David D'or (1993) have won once.
• Ilana Avital appeared four times at Kdam Eurovision, but did not make it to Eurovision stage.
• Gitit Shoval (1979, 1983, 1987)

• Music of Israel
• Culture of Israel

• Home page for Kdam Eurovision
• Kdam Eurovision 2009 information at One Jerusalem
• Kdam Eurovision 2009 information at Eurovision
• Kdam Eurovision 2006

• Eurovision Song Contest selection events
• Israeli television shows
• Recurring events established in 1980
• Channel 1 (Israel) original programming
• Music competitions in Israel
• Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest

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• Short description matches Wikidata
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