Kay Summersby BEM | |
|---|---|
 Summersby in 1944 | |
| Birth name | Kathleen Helen MacCarthy-Morrogh |
| Born | (1908-11-23)23 November 1908 |
| Died | 20 January 1975(1975-01-20) (aged 66) Southampton, New York, U.S. |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom United States |
| Branch | Mechanised Transport Corps (UK) Women's Army Corps (US) |
| Service years | 1939–1947 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Conflicts | World War II |
| Awards | Bronze Star Medal Women's Army Corps Service Medal European Campaign Medal World War II Victory Medal Army of Occupation Medal British Empire Medal |
| External image | |
|---|---|
 Bust portraits of Dwight D. Eisenhower and Kay Summersby Morgan[1] |
Kathleen Helen SummersbyBEM (néeMacCarthy-Morrogh; 23 November 1908 – 20 January 1975), known asKay Summersby, was a member of the BritishMechanised Transport Corps during World War II, who served as a chauffeur and later as personal secretary toDwight D. Eisenhower during his period asSupreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force in command of theAllied forces in North West Europe.
Summersby and Eisenhower spent a significant amount of time together until World War II ended, at which time Eisenhower cut ties and returned to the United States. It is generally agreed that Summersby and Eisenhower became extremely close during the war; some writers have suggested a sexual relationship between the two, although people who knew both of them at the time have rejected that claim, as have most of Eisenhower's biographers.
Summersby was born inBallydehob,County Cork, Ireland.[2][3] She was the daughter of Donald Florence MacCarthy-Morrogh and Vera Mary MacCarthy-Morrogh (née Hutchinson). Her father, descended from theMacCarthy Reagh princes of Carbery, was originally fromCounty Kerry, and her mother was born inWales,[2] as the fourth of five sisters, to an English father and Irish mother who was also descended from the Morrogh family.[4]
She described her father, a retired lieutenant colonel of theRoyal Munster Fusiliers, as "black Irish" and her mother as English. As a young woman, she moved to London where she worked as a film studio extra, dabbled in photography, and eventually became a fashion model. She was married in 1936 to British Army officer Gordon Thomas Summersby. When they divorced in 1943,[5] she retained the name of her ex-husband,[3] as is usual. There was an engagement to marry Lieutenant Colonel Richard "Dick" Arnold of the US Army that overlapped her initial period with Eisenhower; however, this ended with the death of her fiancé while mine clearing during the North Africa campaign.[6][7]
When Britain enteredWorld War II in 1939, Kay Summersby joined the BritishMechanised Transport Corps (MTC). She drove an ambulance throughout theLondon Blitz in 1940 and 1941,[3] and was reportedly excellent at navigating London streets during blackouts and fog.[7] When the United States joined theAllies after the German declaration of war in December 1941, Summersby was one of many MTC drivers assigned as chauffeurs to high-ranking American military officers.
Summersby was assigned to drive Major General Dwight Eisenhower when he arrived in London in May 1942. Though there was a brief interruption of several weeks due to Eisenhower's short return to the US, Summersby chauffeured Eisenhower and later became his secretary until November 1945, based at his homeTelegraph Cottage in Warren Road,Coombe, Kingston upon Thames. During this time Eisenhower rose in rank toGeneral of the Army and commander of the European Theatre, and Kay, with his help, became a US citizen and a commissioned officer in the USWomen's Army Corps (WACs), ultimately leaving the service as a captain in 1947.
Captain Summersby's military awards included theBronze Star Medal,[8]Women's Army Corps Service Medal,European Campaign Medal,World War II Victory Medal and theArmy of Occupation Medal with "Germany" clasp. Although several online sources[who?] state that Summersby received the Legion of Merit, there is no known documentary evidence that she was awarded it. The Legion of Merit was normally awarded to senior officers in the rank of colonel and above.
Summersby was awarded theBritish Empire Medal (BEM) in the1945 New Year Honours List.[9] The award, at the insistence of British Prime MinisterWinston Churchill, was presented, with a signed photograph of the Prime Minister, aboard theMVBritannic in New York more than three years later.[10]
After leaving the service in 1947, Summersby settled in the United States, and was, at one point, engaged to a man in San Francisco who thought she had money.[7] She married theWall Street stockbroker Reginald H. Morgan in 1952,[11] but was divorced in 1958.[12][7] She died at her home inSouthampton, Long Island, of cancer, on 20 January 1975,[13] at the age of 66.
There is a question whether Summersby consummated a romance with Eisenhower during the war, as there is no definitive evidence as to the matter. Many people knew both of them during the war but none alleged there was an affair. InEisenhower Was My Boss, Summersby's 1948 memoir of the war years, written with journalistFrank Kearns, she made no mention of any affair. Her 1975 autobiography,Past Forgetting: My Love Affair with Dwight D. Eisenhower, was explicit about there being a romance, although it also said they had not actually hadsexual intercourse. However, she did not dictate the text.Past Forgetting was ghostwritten by Barbara Wyden while Summersby was dying of cancer.[14] This book was contracted after Eisenhower had died in 1969. The text states the omission of the affair from the 1948 book was due to her concern for Eisenhower's privacy. Summersby reportedly stated shortly before her death: "The General is dead. I am dying. When I wroteEisenhower Was My Boss in 1948, I omitted many things, changed some details, glossed over others to disguise as best I could the intimacy that had grown between General Eisenhower and me. It was better that way."[15]
Those who dispute the claim of an affair maintain that the second book's description of the relationship was simply fabricated, presumably by the ghostwriter. By the book's account there were two unsuccessful attempts to have intercourse.[15] Instead of sex, wrote Summersby, the affair mostly consisted of "stolen kisses" during walks or on aeroplanes, holding hands, and horseback riding or golfing together. She kept a note from Eisenhower that asked, "How about lunch, tea, & dinner today?" the note says. "If yes: Who else do you want, if any? At which time? How are you?"[7] Red Cross volunteer and writerMargaret Chase was one of the authors discounting the affair in her 1983 book.[16]
Eisenhower himself only mentioned Summersby once inCrusade in Europe, his 1948 memoir of the war, in a list of aides.[7] HistorianCarlo D'Este notes that members of Eisenhower's staff denied that there was ever an affair between them and dismisses Summersby's book as "fanciful".[17] However, rumours and jokes about their relationship were common among soldiers who did not know the two. Eisenhower's sonJohn, who briefly served as an aide, described her as "theMary Tyler Moore of headquarters. She was perky and she was cute. Whether she had any designs on the Old Man and the extent to which he succumbed, I just don't know."[7]
Field MarshalBernard Law Montgomery wrote in his diary thatPast Forgetting "should have never been written, it can do Eisenhower no good. If American generals were in the habit of dealing with women secretaries and drivers as Eisenhower did and others appear to have done if this book is true, then their characters slump in the eyes of the world. This book makes it clear that Eisenhower discussed with Kay Summersby, his woman car driver, his views on Generals under him, and disclosed to her the most secret matters; all this is now given to the public in her book. Her views on world figures are enlightening, since they are obviously Eisenhower's views."[18]
PresidentHarry S. Truman reportedly told authorMerle Miller that in 1945, Eisenhower asked permission from GeneralGeorge Marshall to divorce his wife to marry Summersby, but permission was refused.[15] Truman also allegedly said he had the correspondence between Marshall and Eisenhower retrieved from the Army archives and destroyed.[19] However, Truman's account of the Summersby controversy has been rejected by most scholars.[20][21][22] Historians say Truman had a mistaken recollection and emphasize that Eisenhower had asked permission to bring his wife to England. Others have speculated that Truman was not truthful about Eisenhower because of animosity between the two men that intensified during theEisenhower presidency (Truman stated that Eisenhower did not invite him back to theWhite House during his administration).[23] HistorianRobert H. Ferrell stated he found that the tapes of Miller's interviews with Truman contain no mention whatever of Summersby, and concludes that Miller concocted the story.[24]
Eisenhower biographerJean Edward Smith wrote, "Whether he and Kay were intimate remains a matter of conjecture. But there is no question they were in love." Smith accepted Miller's account becauseGarrett Mattingly, who as a naval officer in Washington censored outgoing cables, told a similar story to hisColumbia University faculty colleagues in the early 1950s. Smith cited several other people who believed in or were told of the existence of an affair.Omar Bradley in his autobiography wrote that the two were in love and that "Their close relationship is quite accurately portrayed, so far as my personal knowledge extends, in Kay's second book,Past Forgetting".James Gavin wrote that when he askedChicago Tribune reporter John Thompson during the war whether Eisenhower and Summersby were having an affair, Thompson replied "I have never before seen a chauffeur get out of a car and kiss the General good morning".[25][26]
Died. Kay Summersby Morgan, 66, General Dwight Eisenhower's secretary, chauffeur and confidante during World War II; of cancer; in Southampton, N.Y.
No evidence exists, beyond the fanciful allegations in a memoir [that Summersby] did not live to see published.
In the Miller tapes in the Truman Library there is no Truman conversation, nothing, about Kay Summersby.
